MARTINDALE'S CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER PART I: A-E CALENDARS, CAMERAS, CANALS & SHIPS, CLOCKS & SUNDIALS (Calculators, Applets, Spreadsheets, and where Applicable includes: Courses, Manuals, Handbooks, Simulations, Animations, Videos, etc.)

US/Pacific: Monday, March 15, 2010 Sydney, Australia: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 File Download Time Calculator Author, E-Mail, Privacy Policy & Disclaimer Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains over "23,825" Calculators & Spreadsheets, over "3,835" Courses, Lectures, Manuals, Handbooks, & "1,000's" of Movies, Videos, Simulations & Animations

Calendar & Date Conversion Cameras & Photography Canals & Ships Clocks, Watches & Time ~ Sundials ~ Sun Compasses Calculators On-Line Center, Part I:A-E Calculators On-Line Center

Calendar & Date Conversion Calculators

Calendars & Date Conversions - All Inclusive Arabic/Islamic ~ Aztec ~ Chinese ~ English ~ Indian (India) Japanese ~ Jewish, Hebrew ~ Julian ~ Lufkan ~ Mayan, Mesoamerican Medieval ~ Persian ~ Roman ~ Vietnamese

Calendar & Date Conversion Calculators - All Inclusive CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DATE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS TIME CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS TIME & DATE - Steffen Thorsen, Time and Date AS, Stavanger, Norway VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Time and Date Calculators, Calendars etc. include: "...The World Clock; Personal World Clock; Time Zone Converter; Meeting Planner; Fixed Time Clock; International Dialing Codes; Yearly Calendar; Calendar Generator; Duration Calculator; Birthday Calculator; etc..." Some examples from over "10" Time & Date Calculators include Calculate Duration between Two Dates Calculate Duration between Two Dates "...calculates the duration, counting the day count and the number of days, months and years between two dates..." The Fixed Time World Clock The Fixed Time World Clock "...Have you planned a web cast, online chat, teleconference call or other event where users from all over the world might participate?..." The World Clock Meeting Planner The World Clock Meeting Planner "...should help you find a convenient time to arrange a videoconference, telephone or net-based meeting with several people spread around the globe?..." THIS YEARS CALENDAR - Steffen Thorsen, Time and Date AS, Stavanger, Norway VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Welcome to Time and Date CALENDAR (JAVA APPLET) - Peter Pershan's (X-Ray) Group, Harvard University For more information see Peter Pershan's (X-Ray) Group DATE CALCULATOR - D.E. Singer, Department of Computer Science, Duke University Date Calculator allows you to "...'Calculate the number of days between two dates' or 'Calculate the date some number of days from an initial date'..." For more information see Daniel E. Singer's Home Page or the Department of Computer Science VICTOR PONCE'S PERPETUAL CALENDAR CALCULATOR - V.M. Ponce, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, San Diego State University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Perpetual Calendar includes both a "...Julian Calendar & Gregorian Calendar..." Perpetual Calendar is a "...10000-yr calendar (1/1/0 to 12/31/9999) - excludes the 10-day period between 5-14 October 1582 (dates in between the shift from Julian to Gregorian calendar)..." For more information see Victor Miguel Ponce's Home Page; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering or the College of Engineering CALENDAR CONVERTERS, CALCULATORS & APPLETS CALENDAR CONVERTER - J. Walker, Fourmilab, Switzerland VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Calendar Conversions include: "...Gregorian Calendar Conversions Calculator; Julian Calendar Conversions Calculator; Hebrew Calendar Conversions Calculator; Islamic Calendar Conversions Calculator; Persian Calendar Conversions Calculator; Mayan Calendar Conversions Calculator; Bahá'i Calendar Conversions Calculator; Indian Civil Calendar Conversions Calculator; French Republican Calendar Conversions Calculator; etc..." For more information see Fourmilab CALENDAR CONVERTER (ADOPTED FROM FORMILAB'S CALENDAR CONVERTER) - CalendarHome.com, Greater Online Marketing, LLC VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Calendar Conversions Calculators include: "...Gregorian Calendar Conversions Calculator; Julian Calendar Conversions Calculator; Mayan Calendar Conversions Calculator; Persian Calendar Conversions Calculator; Indian Civil Calendar Conversions Calculator; Hebrew Calendar Conversions Calculator; Bahá'i Calendar Conversions Calculator; Islamic Calendar Conversions Calculator; French Republican Calendar Conversions Calculator; etc..." For more information see CalendarHome.com Arabic/Islamic ARABIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ISLAMIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HIJRI CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GREGORIAN-HIJRI DATES CONVERTER - T. Al-Rabiah, Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsbourgh The Hijri Date "...is the Islamic calendar. It started in the moon year in which prophet Mohammed immigrated from Makkah to Madinah..." Gregorian Calender Calculator "...converts Gregorian Dates to Hijri Dates..." Hijri Calender Calculator "...converts Hijri Dates to Gregorian Dates..." For more information see Tawfig Al-Rabian's Home Page GREGORIAN-HIJRI DATE CONVERTER - IslamiCity.com Gregorian Calender Calculator "...converts Gregorian Dates to Hijri Dates..." Hijri Calender Calculator "...converts Hijri Dates to Gregorian Dates..." For more information see IslamiCity.com Aztec AZTEC CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS THE AZTEC CALENDAR CALCULATOR - R. Voorburg & W. Horden The Aztec Date Calendar Calculator "...shows the name of the year (the xihuitl in Nahuatl, the language of the Mexica or Aztecs), the name of the 13-day 'week' (trecena in Spanish) and the name and number of the day (tonalli) in the tonalpohualli, 260-day ritual daycount. Further, the Lord of the Night, the day in the 365-day calendar (the xiuhpohualli) and the (Mayan) Long Count are shown..." Chinese CHINESE CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHINESE CALENDAR CONVERTER - China News Digest International, Inc. (CND) Chinese Calendar Converter Calculators & Tools include: "...Chinese Calendar; Solar to Lunar Calendar Conversion Calculator; Non-leap-month Lunar to Solar Calendar Conversion Calculator; Leap-month Lunar to Solar Calendar Conversion Calculator; etc..." For more information see CND 2,000 YEAR CHINESE-WESTERN CALENDAR CONVERTER - Academic Computer Center, Taiwan In Chinese. WESTERN-CHINESE CALENDAR CALCULATOR - E.E. Peterson VERY EXTENSIVE. Western-Chinese Calendar Converter Calculator INPUT Values include: Western Date "...Day of Week, Month, Day, Year, Era..." Chinese Date "...Dynasty, Ruler, Reign, Year, Month, Leap Year?, Day..." Year Cycle; Zodiac Sign; Month Cycle; Lunar Calendar Festival; Day Cycle: Western to Chinese Date & Chinese Date to Western..." For more information see Online Chinese Tools English ECCLESIASTICAL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CALCULATION OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR - M.J. Montes, Stanford University Ecclesiastical Calendar Calculator Calculates Easter Sunday in both the Western (Catholic, Anglican, and Protestant) Christian, and in the Eastern (Orthodox) Christian traditions; The movable Feasts associated with Easter in the Western and Eastern traditions; Many Feasts in the Catholic calendar, usually celebrations of events in the lives of Jesus or Mary; For years before 1583, only the dates of Christmas and Easter are calculated. (They are the same for both traditions pre-1583.)..." Ecclesiastical Calendar Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Ecclesiastical Calendar for which year; Orthodox - New Calendarists; Orthodox - Old Calendarists; Western..." Also includes: "...List of Orthodox Easter dates listed in the Julian Calendar or the Gregorian Calendar; List of Western Easter..." "...List of years with the same Julian date or Gregorian date of Orthodox Easter; etc..." Ecclesiastical Calculator - Easter Calculations "...Prior to AD325, churches in different regions celebrated Easter on different dates, not always on Sundays. The Council of Nicea (AD 325) clarified this a bit by stating that Easter would be celebrated on Sundays. Still a number of methods were used until a method defined by Dionyisius Exiguus was adopted in about AD 532. This was not widely accepted until it was described and defended by the Venerable Bede in his De temporum ratione (AD 725)..." For more information see Marcos J. Montes' Home Page ECCLESIASTICAL CALCULATOR - I. MacInnes, Department of English, Albion College, Michigan VERY EXTENSIVE. Ecclesiastical Date Calculator "...Calculate the date of Easter and the other major feasts..." Ecclesiastical Date Calculator includes: "...Input: Christian Year..." Output: Easter, Septuagesima, Ash Wednesday, Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity, Advent..." For more information see the Ian's English Calendar or the Department of English ENGLISH CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS IAN'S ENGLISH CALENDAR - I. MacInnes, Department of English, Albion College, Michigan VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. English Calendar Calculators are "...intended to replace quick reference handbooks of dates for those interest in English history, literature, and genealogy. It is also accurate for European history outside of England, with the exception of the period 1582-1752...." For more information see the Department of English Example of English Calculators include Old & New Style Dating Calculator Regnal Years Calculator Regnal Years Calculator "...will take a date in regnal years and return an ordinary date. For instance, if you enter 6/1 1 Elizabeth I, you will get the year 1559..." Day of the Week for a given Date Calculator Day of the Week for a given Date Calculator "...uses calendar years (year begins January 1st). The legal year in England began on March 25th until the calendar change in 1752, so some documents dated before March 25th..." Indian (India) INDIAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS INDIAN CIVIL CALENDAR - CALENDAR CONVERTER (ADOPTED FROM FORMILAB'S CALENDAR CONVERTER) - CalendarHome.com, Greater Online Marketing, LLC The National Calendar of India is composed of 12 months. The first month, Caitra, is 30 days in normal and 31 days in leap years. This is followed by five consecutive 31 day months, then six 30 day months..." Years in the Indian Calendar "...are counted from the start of the Saka Era, the equinox of March 22nd of year 79 in the Gregorian calendar, designated day 1 of month Caitra of year 1 in the Saka Era..." For more information see CalendarHome.com Japanese JAPANESE CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHRISTIAN YEAR TO JAPANESE ERA CONVERTER - Meiji Taisho Showa Heisei, Japan VERY EXTENSIVE. Christian Year to Japanese Era Calculator "...Converts Christian Year to Japanese Era and visce versa..." For more information see Furu's Home Page Jewish - Hebrew JEWISH CALENDAR CALCULATORS & APPLETS HEBREW CALENDAR CALCULATORS & APPLETS HEBREW CALENDAR - P.D. Asimow, Experimental Petrology Group, Geological and Planetary Sciences Division, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) VERY EXTENSIVE. With the Hebrew Calendar you "...can input dates or date ranges either in Gregorian or Hebrew form; any date in the Common Era will work (i.e, after Gregorian Year 2 or Hebrew Year 3760)..." The Hebrew Calendar will also "...return all the festivals during the specified period..." For more information see Paul D. Asimow's Home Page; Paul D. Asimow's Faculty Home Page or the Geological and Planetary Sciences Division JOS CALENDAR CONVERSION - M. Tobias & B.I. Kouchel, JewishGen, Inc JOS Calendar Converter Calculator "...can convert a civil (Gregorian calendar) date into the equivalent date on the Hebrew calendar, and vice versa. It can also display Yahrzeit dates for consecutive years..." For more information see JOS - JewishGen Calculator or JewishGen JOS JEWISH FESTIVAL DATES - M. Tobias & B.I. Kouchel, JewishGen, Inc JOS Jewish Holiday Calendar Calculator "...can display a list of all Jewish holidays for any year - a civil year (Gregorian calendar) or a Jewish year (Hebrew calendar)..." For more information see JOS - JewishGen Calculator or JewishGen ZEMANIM (HALACHIC TIME OF DAY) CALCULATOR - Scharf Associates Zemanim Calculator "...Computes Alos HaShachar, Sunrise, Sunset, Sof Zeman K'rea Sh'ma, Plag HaMincha, Tzait hakochavim, etc..." For more information see Kashrut.com

Julian JULIAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS XTIME - A DATE/TIME CALCULATOR - High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), NASA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. xTime - A Date/Time Calculator: input one of the following: Calendar Time Formats Calendar date, ISO 8601 date, Year and day number, Julian Day; Modified Julian Day..." Mission-Specific Time Formats "...RXTE seconds since 1994.0; RXTE mission day number; RXTE decimal mission day; Swift/GLAST seconds since 2001.0; Swift/GLAST mission day number; etc..." For more information see Tools or the High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), NASA ASTRONOMICAL TIME CALCULATOR - L. Bogan, Department of Physics, Arcadia University, Nova Scotia, Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. Astronomical Time Calculator includes: "...Local Time Zone; Julian Day; Julian Day 0h UT; Equation of Time; Longitude Correction; Local Siderial Time..." For more information see Astronomy Pages or Larry Bogan's Home Page HELIOCENTRIC JULIAN DAY - Dan Bruton, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University & Midnight Kite Solutions The Heliocentric Julian Day Calculator recalculates "...astronomers recalculate Julian Days as if we were observing the star from the center of the Sun, i.e., a Heliocentric Julian Day..." For more information see Java; Midnight Kite Solutions or Dan Bruton's Home Page JULIAN DATE, SUN COORDINATES, MOON COORDINATES - CALCULATOR - E.M. Murphy, FUSE - The Far Spectroscopic Explorer, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University & NASA Julian Date Calculator "...uses the STARLINK set of astronomical subroutines. The low precision formula for the geocentric coordinates of the Sun is from the 1995 Astronomical Almanac and its precision is 0.01 degrees from 1950 to 2050..." For more information see FUSE Planning Tools or FUSE - The Far Spectroscopic Explorer JULIAN DAY - Dan Bruton, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University & Midnight Kite Solutions For more information see Java; Midnight Kite Solutions or Dan Bruton's Home Page TIME CONVERSION TOOL (JULIAN DATE CALCULATOR) - Solar System Dynamics Group, JPL Time Conversion Tool - Julian Date Calculator is used "...to convert from calendar date/time format to Julian date and visa versa. Optionally convert between selected world time zones and determine the day-of-week for the specified date..." For more information see SSD-JPL; Observer's Tool Corner or Solar System Dynamics Group Lufkan LUFKAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LUFKAN CALENDAR - CALCULATOR - M. Bulmer, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Australia The Lufkan Calendar "...is based on cycles of lunar months, the lunta. These lunta are arranged in sequences of five each, known as zarsa. There are different names for the zarsa corresponding to the number of days in each of the five lunta..." For more information see Kelsa Lufkan (Lufkan Culture); Michael Bulmer's Home Page; School of Mathematics and Physics or the University of Queensland, Australia Mayan - Mesoamerican MAYAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MESOAMERICAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MAYAN EPIGRAPHIC DATABASE JOHN MONTOGOMERY DICTIONARY OF MAYA HIEROGLYPHS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Author: John Montgomery, Hosted by the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. Multimedia Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyps (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). Available in English, Spanish & Maya Words and Syllables. John Montgomery’s Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs is "...a unique reference to the hieroglyphic writing of the ancient Maya that presents over 1,200 hieroglyphs and glyph compounds. Each entry includes the hieroglyph, phonetic transcription, Mayan equivalent, part of speech, and meaning. Entries are given in alphabetical order of their phonetic spelling. Multiple indices are..." For more information see Dictionaries or the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies (FAMSI) MAYA HIEROGLYPH DICTIONARY - Authors: Peter Mathews and Péter Bíró, Drawings by John Montgomery and Hosted by teh Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. Multimedia Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary (Text Images). Available in English, Spanish & Maya Words and Syllables. Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary "...provides translations and analyses of about 1,000 Maya hieroglyphic words and compounds, arranged in alphabetical order. Each entry will eventually include a picture of the hieroglyph as well as its transcription and a translation in English and Spanish. The Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary also provides analyses of the word or compound and cross-references to similar words and compounds..." For more information see Dictionaries or the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies (FAMSI) MAYAN EPIGRAPHIC DATABASE PROJECT - R.C. Alvarado, Institute of Advanced Technology in the Humanities and the Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mayan Epigraphic Database "...consists of a relational database of glyphs ("gnumbers"), images, phonetic values ("pvalues"), and semantic values ("svalues") according to the consensus among various American Mayanists (MacLeod and Reents-Budet 1994). Also present is the beginning of an archive of digitally transcribed Mayan texts..." MAYAN DATE CALCULATOR - Michielb, The Netherlands The Maya "...developed a sophisticated calendar. The ritual calendar that developed in Mesoamerica used a count of 260 days. This calendar gave each day a name, much like our days of the week. There were 20 day names, each represented by a unique symbol..." Mayan Data Calculator "...will give a long count, calendar round..." For more information see The Maya Astronomy Page or Michielb MESOAMERICAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AZTEC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MAYA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MEXICA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ZAPOTEC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS THE AZTEC CALENDAR CALCULATOR - R. Voorburg & W. Horden The Aztec Date Calendar Calculator "...shows the name of the year (the xihuitl in Nahuatl, the language of the Mexica or Aztecs), the name of the 13-day 'week' (trecena in Spanish) and the name and number of the day (tonalli) in the tonalpohualli, 260-day ritual daycount. Further, the Lord of the Night, the day in the 365-day calendar (the xiuhpohualli) and the (Mayan) Long Count are shown..." Medieval MEDIEVAL CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MEDIEVAL CALENDAR CALCULATOR - Peter Binkley VERY EXTENSIVE. "...The year you enter must be between 500 and 1582..." Medieval Calendar Calculator "...allows you to see the feastdays prescribed by different calendars or uses (e.g. different dioceses, religious orders, etc.)..." "...You may create your own customised calendars in addition to the ones provided..." Persian PERSIAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS KHAYAM: A PERSIAN CALENDAR CALCULATOR - NetNative The Persian Calendar Calculator - Khayam Calculator "...allows you to convert the Jalaali and Gregorian calendars into each other. The first is official in Iran (and surrounding areas like Afghanistan, Central Asian Republics and Kurdish Mesopotamia) and the second in the west. The Jalaali calendar is named after Jalaal-ol-Din Malek-shaah-e Saljuqi by the great Iranian poet/mathematician Omar Khayyam who re-worked it in late fifth century hejri..." For more information see NetNative Roman ROMAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ROMAN NUMERAL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ROMAN DATE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ROMAN NUMERAL AND DATE CONVERSION AND ROMAN CALCULATOR - S. Gibbs, Bailiwick of Guernsey, English Channel Islands, U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Roman Numeral Conversion Calculator "...converts Arabic Number (the ones we use today) to Roman Number; Roman Number to Arabic Number (the ones we use today)..." Roman Date Conversion Calculator gives the current date in the: "...Gregorian Calendar; Gregorian Calendar, in Latin; Julian Calendar; Julian Calendar, in Latin; Julian Calendar, in Roman style..." For more information see Steven Gibbs' Home Page Vietnamese VIETNAMESE CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS VIETNAMESE LUNAR CALENDAR CONVERSION (JAVA APPLET) - Ho Ngoc Duc, Institute of Informatics, University of Leipzig, Germany Vietnamese Lunar Calendar Calculator "...displays a month of the Gregorian calendar with the corresponding dates of the lunar calendar used in Vietnam..." In History "...sometimes the country was divided and different calendars were used in different regions. The historical calendar takes that fact into account and prints an additional lunar day in the upper right corner whenever the calendars used in the different regions do not agree...." For more information see Ho Ngoc Duc's Homepage

Cameras - Photography

Photography Tools, Photography Courses, Lessons, Technical Reports, etc. (All Inclusive) Depth of Field ~ Exposure ~ Field of View Hyperfocal, Near Field & Far Field ~ Lens ~ Optical Film Development ~ Panorama Production 35mm ~ Digital Cameras Broadcast Cameras ~ CCTV & Security Cameras Microscopy Cameras ~ OEM Cameras ~ Pinhole Cameras Photomicrography ~ QTVR ~ Telescope Cameras ~ Underwater Cameras Sunrise/Sunset, Sun's Position, Moon Phase, etc.

Photography Tools, Photography Courses, Lessons, Technical Reports, etc. PHOTOGRAPHY CALCULATORS (OVERVIEW) LIGHTING TOOLS: EXPOSURE CALCULATOR - EGGCLAC - Lighttools Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. EggCalc - Exposure Calculator "... assumes that you are using a perfect diffuser. If you can easily see the light source through the diffusion material, then the light is being only partially diffused, and EggCalc will produce only approximate results. Even so, these results will be much better than trying to guess with the inverse square law..." "...Egg Calc is based on an evenly diffused source such as bounced light exiting through full diffusion material...Minimal center axis change in exposure begins at a distance of 3-4 times the diagonal dimensions of the diffuser;..." EggCalc - Exposure Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Diffuser (Model; Style; Width; Height); Meter Position (Horizontal; Vertical; Distance)..." For more information see Technical Data or Lighttools PHOTOGRAPHY CALCULATORS - Max Lyons Digital Image Gallery VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Photography Calculators include: Depth of Field Calculator "...computes depth of field, based on aperture, focal length, distance to subject and Circle of Confusion (CoC)..." Parallax Calculator "...computes the degree of parallax error that occurs when a camera is rotated around a point that isn't the nodal point. This is useful for photographers who take a sequence of images to be stitched into a panorama..." Angular Field of View Calculator "...computes the angular field of view for a lens of a specified focal length on a 35mm camera..." Dimensional Field of View Calculator "...computes the field of view, measured in feet or meters, for a lens of a specified focal length on a 35mm camera. For most modern digital SLR cameras a focal length multiplier of greater than 1 is appropriate..." Mosaic Calculator "...computes the number of images and lens focal lengths required to create a mosaic image covering the same field of view as a single image..." For more information see Max Lyons Digital Image Gallery PHOTOGRAPHY CALCULATORS - B. Chandler, The Imaginatorium VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Imaginatorium Some examples of Photography Calculators include What is a close-up filter?: Basic Lens Calculator & Lens Combination Calculator Close-up Filter includes "...Basic Lens Calculator; Lens Combination Calculator..." How Many Stops Calculator How Many Stops Calculator "...You can compare complete exposure settings of aperture and shutter speed, or shutter speed or aperture separately..." Focussing Distance Calculator Focussing Distance Calculato "...When a focussing scale is intermediate between two marks, how do you calculate the proportional value?..." Angle of View of a Lens Calculator Angle of View of a Lens Calculator "...To use the calculator, either click the 35mm format button, or enter the width and height of the image yourself. Enter the focal length, then click Calculate..." PHOTOGRAPHY DATABSES, COURSES, LESSONS, TECHNICAL REPORTS, ETC. PHOTO.NET - Photo.net, NameMedia, Inc. Multimedia Photography Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Photo.net "...is an online community for photographers to connect and discuss photography, explore galleries, share photographs, and learn more about the art of photography. The site began in 1993 as Philip Greenspun's personal home page at MIT and has grown to become a community of more than 600,000 registered users working to help each other improve as photographers. Our editorial goal is to serve busy readers who want clear answers to questions..." Examples from over "50" Photography Subject Categories include "...Making Photographs (Light, Lens, Film, etc.); Post-Exposure; Background; Cleaning & Repair; Darkroom; Photography Techniques Subject Categories include Portraits; Architecture; Interiors; Studio & Studio Lighting; Underwater; Sports and Action; Concerts; Nature Photography; Aerial Photography; etc..." For more information see Photo.net DIGITAL CAMERA - Cambridge in Colour, Sean T. McHugh Multimedia Digital Camera Lessons (Text, Images & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese & Russian. Digital Camera "...Learn how to take and edit digital photographs using visual tutorials that emphasize concept over procedure, independent of specific digital camera or lens. Topics range from basic camera tips to advanced techniques..." Examples of "Digital Camera" Subject Categories include Basics - Cameras "...Understanding Digital Camera Sensors; Understanding Camera Metering & Exposure; Choosing a Camera Lens Filter: Polarizers, UV, ND & GND; etc..." Basics - Imaging "...Understanding Digital Pixels: PPI, Dithering and Print Size; Understanding Bit Depth; Understanding Histograms: Tones & Contrast and Luminance & Color; Understanding Image Noise; etc..." Advanced Toptics "...Understanding Diffraction: Pixel Size, Aperture and Airy Disks; Using the High Dynamic Range (HDR) Feature in Photoshop CS2/CS3; Tilt/Shift Lenses: Using Shift Movements to Control Perspective; Photo Stitching Digital Panoramas; etc..." For more information see Cambridge in Colour SPECTRAL SELECTIVITY - E. Scott & H. Bewley Multimedia Photography Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Spectral selectivity "...is a technique for creating images which uses intentionally limited ranges of radiation in the ultraviolet, visible or infrared portions of the spectrum..." Examples of "Spectral Selectivity" Subject Categories include "...Color Vision; Reproduction of Color; Photographic Spectral Sensitivity; Filtering Spectrum; Masking Spectrum; Infrared Photography; Ultraviolet Photography; etc..." For more information see Photo.net MEDICAL & SCIENTIFIC PHOTOGRAPHY - A.R. Williams & G. Williams Multimedia Medical & Scientific Photography Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Medical & Scientific Photography "...This site is designed as a resource base for doctors, scientists and students wanting practical information on medical and scientific imaging techniques. It is authored by international experts and based on tested and peer reviewed information..." Examples of "Medical & Scientific Photography" Subject Categories include Reflected Ultraviolet Photography "...Reflected ultraviolet photography requires the subject to be lit with ultraviolet radiation, and filtration used so that only ultraviolet radiation is allowed to reach the film..." Fluorescence Photography "...The aim in fluorescence photography is to stimulate the subject with radiation that corresponds to this maximum absorption frequency - the ideal excitation filter would therefore correspond to the curve for the maximum absorption. This will then often induce some kind of fluorescence at a longer wavelength, and..." Infrared Photography "...Contrary to what many people believe, the infrared record in a photograph is not a measure of ambient temperature variation - it is a record of the amount of near infrared radiation reflected or transmitted by the subject..." BLACK & WHITE DARKROOM - Barry McCartney Multimedia Darkroom Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Black and White Darkroom "... The home darkroom is more than a place to quickly produce a stack of black and white prints. It is a place where you, as an avid photographer can go, to produce a photographic print that is truly your own - not one knocked off by the local photo lab..." Examples of "Black and White Darkroom" Subject Categories include "...Photo-Chemistry; Image Composition; The Room; Design & Construction; Equipment; Ventilation; Chemicals - Film & Print; Film Development; Making The Print; Paper Types; Paper Data Tables; "Push" & "Pull" Processing; "Burning" & "Dodging"; Filters; etc..." PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL DATA INDEX - Digitaltruth Photo, Houston, Texas Multimedia Film Development Lessons & Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Photographic Technical Data Index" Subject Categories includes: "...Camera; Toners; Intensifiers; Reducers; Print Developers Film Developers General Purpose; Fine Grain; Ascorbic acid; High Acutance; Push Processing; High Contrast; Low Contrast/Soft-working; Tropical; Lantern Plate; etc..." For more information see Digitaltruth Photo PHOTOSHOP - Worth1000, LLC Multimedia Photoshop Technical Reports & Instructions (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Worth1000 "...a community of mostly Photoshop users who use their skills to manipulate images for the respect of others,..." Photoshop Lessons "...Includes over "70" different Photos with Step-by-Step instructions using Photoshop..." For more information see Worth1000, LLC THE MASSIVE DEVELOPMENT CHART - Digitaltruth Photo, Houston, Texas Multimedia Film Development Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Back & White (B/W) Film Development INPUT Values include: Select from over "50" different Films "...Adox; Agfapan; APX; AGFA; Berger; Eastman; Efke; Fuji; Kodak; etc..." Select from over "60" different Developers "...Acutol; Atomal; Beutler; D-19; Dektol; Emofin; Hypercat; etc..." Back & White (B/W) Film Development OUTPUT Values include: "...Film; Developer; Dilution; ASA/ISO; 35mm; 120; Sheet; Temperature; Notes..." For more information see Digitaltruth Photo

Depth of Field DEPTH-OF-FIELD CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DEPTH-OF-FIELD CALCULATOR - DOFMaster, D. Fleming VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Depth of Field "...The zone, or range of distances, within a scene that will record as sharp. It is one of the most creative and profound effects available to photographers..." Depth-of-Field Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Film format, digital camera, or custom circle of confusion for 35mm thru 8x10 Film; Agfa; Canon; Casio; Contax; Epison; Fuji; HP; Kodak; Konica; Kyocerid; Leica; Minolta; Nikon; Olympus; Panasonic Lurnix; Pentax; Samsung; Signa; Sony Cyber Shot; CoC; etc. Actual lens focal length (mm); Selected aperture & Subject distance; etc..." For more information see DOFMaster Other Depth-of-Field Calculators include Depth of Field Table Calculator Depth-of-Field Table Calculator INPUT Vaules include Focal Length; Film Format, Digital Camera or Circle of Confusion; Units..." Depth-of-Field Calculator for iPhone & iPod Touch Depth-of-Field Calculator for iPhone & iPod Touch INPUT Values include: "...Film Format Lens; f/stop; Focus..." DEPTH-OF-FIELD CALCULATION APPLET (JAVA APPLET) - Photo Zone, Germany VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. The Depth-of-Field "...is dependent on the OBJECT MAGNIFICATION ON THE FILM and the chosen aperture at a specific focal length..." Depth-of-Field Calculator "...will also calc the "Hyperfocal-Distance" represented by the first focus point where the Depth of Field covers the area between 1/2 of the H.-Distance up to infinity..." Depth-of-Field Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Focal Length; Focusing Distance; Circle-of-Confusion (0.03mm; 0.025mm; 0.02mm or 0.01mm);..." For more information see Technololgy or the Photo Zone DEPTH OF FIELD CALCULATORS - Giangrandi, Switzerland VERY EXTENSIVE. Depth of Field Calculators include: Calculator for Finding the Depth of Field for a given Lens and Aperture INPUT Values include: "...Focal Length; Aperture; Object Distance; Circle of Confusion..." Calculator for Finding the required Aperture for a given Depth of Field and a given Lens INPUT Values include: "...Focal Length; Far Depth of Field; Near Depth of Field; Circle of Confusion..." For more information see Lens Calculators; Optics or Giangrandi DEPTH-OF-FIELD CALCULATOR - B. Atkins VERY EXTENSIVE. Depth-of-Field Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Film Format 35 mm Film; 1.3 x DSLR; 1.5 x DSLR; 1.6 x DSLR; 6 x 6; 6 x 7; 6 x 9; 4 x 5; 5 x 7; 8 x 10; etc. Focal Length; f/no; Object Distance..." For more information see Technical Optics; Photography or Bob Atkins Photography DIGITAL CAMERA FLEXIBLE DEPTH OF FIELD CALCULATOR - Cambridge in Colour, Sean T. McHugh VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English, French/Français, German/Deutsch, Italian/Italiano, Portuguese/Português & Russian. Flexible Depth of Field Calculator "...is more flexible than that in the depth of field tutorial because it adjusts for parameters such as viewing distance, print size and eyesight--thereby providing more control over what is "acceptably sharp" (maximum tolerable circle of confusion)..." "...As the viewing distance increases, our eyes become less able to perceive fine detail in the print, and so the depth of field increases (max. CoC increases). Conversely, our eyes can perceive finer detail as the print size increases, and so the depth of field decreases. A photo intended for close viewing at a large print size (such as in a gallery) will likely have a far more restrictive set of constraints than a similar image intended for display as a postcard or on a roadside billboard..." Digital Camera Depth of Field Calculator INPUT Values include "...Maximum Print Dimension; Viewing Distance, Eyesight; Camera Type (Digital SLR, Digital Compact, 35 mm, APS, etc.); Actual Lens Focal Length; Focus Distance to Subject..." For more information see Digital Photography or Cambridge in Colour Exposure EXPOSURE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS THE CAMERA: JAVACAM (JAVA APPLET) - World Artist Directory, Access Arts, Hawaii Interactive Camera Simulation (Text & Images). Camera Simulation "...allows you to view a scene via the the camera's viewfinder and lets you take a picture. You have control over the exposure by adjusting the camera's shutter speed and lens aperture controls (in manual mode). Alternately, you could set the camera to one of its auto modes..." For more information see Art Kids Rule Field of View FIELD-OF-VIEW CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DSLR AND SLR CAMERAS FIELD-OF-VIEW CALCULATOR & FIELD OF VIEW CHART CALCULATOR - Howard's Astonomical Adventures VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. DSLR and SLR Cameras Field-of-View Calculator INPUT Values include "...Camera Type; Focal Length..." Field of View Chart Calculator INPUT Vaules include "...Camera Type; Minimum FL; Maximum FL; Increment; Display Format..." For more information see Howard's Astonomical Adventures FIELD OF VIEW CALCULATOR - Rui Slaguero, Portugal VERY EXTENSIVE. Rui Salgueiro's Field-of-View Calculator "...is only valid for flat films formats..." Field of View Calculator INPUT Values include: Focal Lengths of Lenses; Formats "...135 (normal or panorama); 120 (6x6, 4.5x6 or 6x7); APS (H, C or P); Large (4x5, 5x7 or 8x10); Other (Width; Length)..." For more information see Rui Pedro Mendes Salgueiro's Home Page FIELD-OF-VIEW AND PANORAMA PRODUCTION CALCULATOR - Frank van der Pol Digitale Fotografie, The Netherlands VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Field-of-View and Panorama Production Calculator INPUT Values include "...Focal Length; Size Utilization; Film/CCD Length; Film/CCD Width; Minimum Image Circle..." Field-of-View and Panorama Production Calculator OUTPUT Values include "...For Fisheye Lens & For Normal Lens Calculate Image; Calculate Panorama; Calculate Overlap..." For more information see Frank van der Pol Digitale Fotografie Hyperfocal, Near Field & Far Field HYPERFOCAL DISTANCE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HYPERFOCAL DISTANCE CALCULATOR - M.S. Baltuch, Mountain Storm Fine Arts, Westminster, Colorado Hyperfocal Distance Calculator "...is a useful tool for providing maximum depth of field. Primarily used with wide angle lenses and small apertures, focusing at the hyperfocal point will provide a depth of field that extends from halfway between the camera and the focus point out to infinity..." For more information see Mountain Storm Fine Arts HYPERFOCAL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HYPERFOCAL AND DEPTH-OF-FIELD CALCULATOR - Thomas Hallstein, Outsight Photography Hyperfocal and Depth-of-Field Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Format (35mm, 6x6cm, 4x5in, Digital LMF); Lens Focal Length; Aperture f-stop..." For more information see Focus Pocus: Depth of Field Calculators for Photographers or Outsight Photography NEAR FIELD CALCULATORS & FAR FIELD CALCULATORS NEAR FIELD - FAR FIELD CALCULATOR - Thomas Hallstein, Outsight Photography Near Field - Far Field Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Format (35mm, 6x6cm, 4x5in, Digital LMF); Lens Focal Length; Enter f-stop and Focus Distance OR Enter Near and Far Focus Limits..." For more information see Focus Pocus: Depth of Field Calculators for Photographers or Outsight Photography

Lens LENS TECHNOLOGY VIDEOS & DATABASES CANON VIRTUAL LENS PLANT & TECHNICAL ROOM - Canon, Inc. Multimedia Lens Video Lessons & Technical Reports (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Canon's Technology Hall Subject Categories include Technical Room "...Fluorite/UD/Super UD Glass Lenses; Aspherical Lenses; Image Stablizer; Electronic Mount; EMD; USM; etc..." Virtual Lens Plant Material Processing Process (Material Blending; Pre-Fusing; Fusing/Cooling; Annealing; etc.); Lens Machining Process (Rough Grinding; Fine Grinding; Polishing; Inspection; Alignment; etc.); Lens Assembly Process (Froht Unit; Back Unit; Inspection; etc.)..." Lens Gallery "...Optical Glass Lens; Ultra Low Dispersion Lens; Fluorite Lens; etc..." For more information see the Canon Camera Museum or Canon CANON LENSES - DATABASE - Canon, Inc. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Canon Lenses Database (Text, Images & Animations). For more information see the Canon Camera Museum or Canon LENS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LENS ANGLE OF VIEW LENS ANGLE OF VIEW CALCULATORS - M. Sweeting VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Mark Sweeting's Home Page Lens Angle of View Calculators include Canon EF Lens Angle of View Calculator Canon EF Lens Angle of View Calculator INPUT Values include "...Select Canon Camera; Select Reading Direction; Select Canon EF Lens..." Canon EF-S Lens Angle of View Calculator Canon EF-S Lens Angle of View Calculator INPUT Values include "...Select Canon Camera; Select Reading Direction; Select Canon EF-S Lens..." Nikon Nikkor Lens Angle of View Calculator Nikon Nikkor Lens Angle of View Calculator INPUT Values include "...Select Nikon Camera; Select Reading Direction; Select Nikon Nikkor Lens..." Sigma Lens Angle of View Calculator Sigma Lens Angle of View Calculator INPUT Values include "...Select Camera Body; Select Reading Direction; Select Sigma Lens..." Medium Format Lens Angle of View Calculator Medium Format Lens Angle of View Calculator INPUT Values include "...Select Format; Select Reading Direction; Select Lens..." CCTV Lens Angle of View Calculator CCTV Lens Angle of View Calculator INPUT Values include "...Select CCD Size; Select Reading Direction; Select Lens..." LENS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS EXACTLY HOW LONG A LENS DO YOU NEED? - CALCULATOR - P. Greenspun, Photo.net How Long a Lens Do You Need Calculator INPUT Values include: "...How far away is your subject; How high is the object you want to fill the frame..." For more information see Making Photographs or Photo.net LENS CALCULATORS - Giangrandi, Switzerland VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Optics or Giangrandi Lens Calculators include: Lens Focal Length Calculator Lens Focal Length Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Object Size; Image Size; Object Distance..." Lens Exposure - Luminance Calculator Lens Exposure/Luminance Calculator "...is intended for using an SLR camera as a luminance meter. Just frame the scene you want to measure and read the suggested shutter time and aperture..." Lens Exposure/Luminance Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Aperture; Exposure Time; Sensitivity..." Depth of Field Calculator Depth of Field Calculators include: Calculator for Finding the Depth of Field for a given Lens and Aperture INPUT Values include: "...Focal Length; Aperture; Object Distance; Circle of Confusion..." Calculator for Finding the required Aperture for a given Depth of Field and a given Lens INPUT Values include: "...Focal Length; Far Depth of Field; Near Depth of Field; Circle of Confusion..." Optical OPTICAL REALTED CALCULATORS & APPLETS FOR OPTICS (LIGHT AND OPTICS; OPTICAL SCIENCES; OPTICAL ENGINEERING, CHROMATICITY, LASERS, PHOTONICS, ETC.) CALCULATORS, COURSES ETC. SEE THE ENGINEERING CALCULATOR CENTER: OPTICS OPTICAL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS OPTICAL CALCULATORS - JML Optical Industries, Inc. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Optical Calculator "...allows the user to type in parameters and it calculates the answer of various optical and mathematical formulae used by the optical industry. You can obtain information such as Half angle, Focal length, Nodal point separation, Magnification, Sag, etc..." Examples from "18" Optical Calculators include: "...Sag Equation Calculator; Needle Point Seperation Calculator; Totla Included Angle Calculator; Number of Rings Calculator; Hypontenuse Calculator; Diopters to Fringes Calculator; Radius Calculator; Total Conjugate Length Calculator; Wedge in mm over the given Diameter Calculator; etc..." For more information see JML Optical Industries, Inc.

Film Development Database, Lessons, Technical Reports & Calculators FILM DEVELOPMENT DATABASES, TECHNICAL REPORST, LESSONS, ETC. PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL DATA INDEX - Digitaltruth Photo, Houston, Texas Multimedia Film Development Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Photographic Technical Data Index Subject Categories includes "...Camera; Toners; Intensifiers; Reducers; Ancillary; Print Developers; Film Developers General Purpose; Fine Grain; Ascorbic acid; High Acutance; Push Processing; High Contrast; Low Contrast/Soft-working; Tropical; Lantern Plate; etc..." For more information see Digitaltruth Photo THE MASSIVE DEVELOPMENT CHART - Digitaltruth Photo, Houston, Texas Multimedia Film Development Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Back & White (B/W) Film Development INPUT Values include Select from over "50" different Films "...Adox; Agfapan; APX; AGFA; Berger; Eastman; Efke; Fuji; Kodak; etc..." Select from over "60" different Developers "...Acutol; Atomal; Beutler; D-19; Dektol; Emofin; Hypercat; etc..." Back & White (B/W) Film Development OUTPUT Values include: "...Film; Developer; Dilution; ASA/ISO; 35mm; 120; Sheet; Temperature; Notes..." For more information see Digitaltruth Photo Panorama Production PANORAMA PRODUCTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PANORAMA LENS CALCULATORS - James Rigg, Panoguide VERY EXTENSIVE. Panorama Lens Calculators are "...intended to help you work out the settings for your camera/lens..." Panorama Lens Calculators include: Camera Lens Calculator "...Lens Focal Length, Film Format, Field of View..." Film Scan Calculator "...Scan Resolution, Scan Size, Scan Accuracy, etc..." For more information see Panoguide 35mm 35MM CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS 35MM EQUIVALENT FOCAL LENGTH CALCULATOR - phpGraphy VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. 35mm Equivalent Focal Length Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Pentax; Casio; Canon (EOS, Digital, Power Shot); Kodak Zoom Digital Camera; Nikon (D70, DIX, CoolPix); Olympus; etc..." For more information see phpGraphy Digital Cameras DIGITAL CAMERA COURSES & LESSONS WITH CALCULATORS & APPLETS DIGITAL CAMERA - Cambridge in Colour, Sean T. McHugh Multimedia Digital Camera Lessons (Text, Images & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese & Russian. Digital Camera "...Learn how to take and edit digital photographs using visual tutorials that emphasize concept over procedure, independent of specific digital camera or lens. Topics range from basic camera tips to advanced techniques..." Examples of Digital Camera Subject Categories include Basics - Cameras "...Understanding Digital Camera Sensors; Understanding Camera Metering & Exposure; Choosing a Camera Lens Filter: Polarizers, UV, ND & GND; etc..." Basics - Imaging "...Understanding Digital Pixels: PPI, Dithering and Print Size; Understanding Bit Depth; Understanding Histograms: Tones & Contrast and Luminance & Color; Understanding Image Noise; etc..." Advanced Toptics "...Understanding Diffraction: Pixel Size, Aperture and Airy Disks; Using the High Dynamic Range (HDR) Feature in Photoshop CS2/CS3; Tilt/Shift Lenses: Using Shift Movements to Control Perspective; Photo Stitching Digital Panoramas; etc..." For more information see Cambridge in Colour DIGITAL CAMERA CALCULATORS & APPLETS DIGITAL CAMERA CALCULATOR - PanoShow VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Digital Camera Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select Camera (Canon, Kodak, Minolta, Nikon, etc.); etc..." Digital Camera Calculator OUTPUT values include: "... CCD active area size in millimeters; Pixel size in micrometers; Field of view in landscape mode, degrees; Field of view in portrait mode, degrees..." For more information see PanoShow DIGITAL CAMERA RESOLUTION: MEGAPIXEL CALCULATOR - Peter Forret VERY EXTENSIVE. Megapixel Calculator "...a tool to calculate and convert graphical resolution, image memory consumption and file sizes (JPG/TIF/RAW)..." Megapixel Calculator (Digital Camera Resolution Calculator) INPUT Values include: "...How many Pixels in a DVD image: Wide & High..." Megapixel Calculator (Digital Camera Resolution Calculator) OUTPUT values include: "...Aspect Ratio; File Size (Type, Filesize, Description & File Compression Estimations); Memory Card (Type, Filesize, etc.); Video (Type, 15, 24, 25 & 30 fps); Print Size (Type, Maximum Width & Height, Description)..." For more information see Web Tools by Peter Forret Broadcast Equipment - 35mm Still, 35mm Movie, Super 16mm Movie, etc. BROADCAST REALTED CALCULATORS & APPLETS FOR BROADCAST ENGINEERING COURSES, DATABASES, CALCULATOR, ETC. SEE THE ENGINEERING CENTER: BROADCAST ENGINEERING FOR MOTION PICTURES, DVD'S & TV (CINEMATOGRAPHY, SOUND EFFECTS ETC.) COURSES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE THE MOTION PICTURES, DVD'S & TV LENS CALCULATORS FOR BROADCAST EQUIPMENT CANON LENS CALCULATORS FOR BROADCAST EQUIPMENT - Canon, Inc. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Canon Lens Calculators for Broadcast Equipment include: Angle of View Calculator INPUT Values include "...Focal Length..." Angle of View Calculator OUTPUT Values include Image Size; Image Format 35mm Still; 35mm Movie; Super 16mm Movie; 2/3" 16:9 Wide Screen; 2/3" 4:3 Cross Over & Standar; etc. Angle of View Horizontal Degrees; Vertical Degrees & Diagonal Degrees..." Depth of Field Calculator for HDTV and SDTV INPUT Values include: "...f Number; Object Distance; Focal Length..." Horizontal Object Dimension Calculator; Object Distance Calculator; Focal Length Calculator. For more information see Canon CCTV - Security Cameras CCTV CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SECURITY CAMERAS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CCTV CALCULATORS - Vihon Associates, LLC. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. CCTV Calculators include: "...Bandwidth Calculator; Speed Test Calculator; Storage Calculator; Wire Gage Calculator; Lens Calculator; Image Rates Calculator; RAID Calculator; etc..." For more information see Vihon Associates, LLC. DIGITAL VIDEO RECORDER CALCULATORS - Panasonic Corporation of North America VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Security Systems or Panasonic Corporation of North America Examples of Digital Video Camera Calculators include: Digital Video Camera Recording Calculator Digital Video Camera Recording Times Calculator Digital Video Camera Recording Times Calculator "...Calculate recording times based on disk space, number of channels and recording duration...." Digital Video Camera Lens Estimator Digital Video Camera Lens Estimator "...Determine the proper lens to use for any application..." VIDEO SECURITY TOOLS - Pelco by Schneider Electric VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Downloads and Tools or Pelco by Schneider Electric Some examples from over "4" Calculators include Field of View Calculator Voltage Calculator Wire Gage Calculator CCTV LENS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SURVEILLANCE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CCTV FIELD OF VIEW & REQUIRED LENS SIZE CALCULATOR - Surveillance-Video Multimedia CCTV Field of View & Required Lens Size Calculator (Text & Images). For more information see Surveillance-Video VIDCAL: DETERMINE THE IMAGE SIZE OF AN OBSERVED OBJECT - VIDEO CAMERA CALCULATOR - I. Harre, Bremen, Germany VERY EXTENSIVE. VidCalc Calculator "...A video camera is often part of a surveillance system. In the design phase the proper lens must be seclected, so that an object of a certain size will be shown large enough on the monitor. The VidCalc calculator...calculates the image size of an object..." Video Camera Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Object Dimension; Object Distance; Focal Length; Camera Chip Size..." For more information see Ingo Harre's Home Page

Microscopy Cameras MICROSCOPY REALTED CALCULATORS & APPLETS FOR MICROSCOPY, FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY, TEREOMICROSCOPY, PHOTOMICROGRAPHY, CONFOCAL MICROSCOPOY, ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY, NAOMICROSCOPY ETC. CALCULATORS & APPLETS SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER: MICROSCOPY MICROSCOPY CAMERA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MICROSCOPY FIELD-OF-VIEW CALCULATOR - Zeiss Microscopy Field-of-View Calculator INPUT Values include "...Field of View Number from Eyepieces; Objective Magnification; Optovar Magnification; If Camera CCD Chip Diagonal & Camera Adapter Magnification..." For more information see Zeiss OEM Cameras OEM REALTED CALCULATORS & APPLETS FOR ENGINEERING COURSES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE THE ENGINEERING CENTER OEM CAMERA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS OEM CAMERA FIELD-OF-VIEW CALCULATOR - Sensor Technologies America, Inc. OEM Camera Field-of-View Calculator INPUT Values include "...CCD Format; Distance to Object; Sidth or Height of Image; Calculated Lens Size..." For more information see Sensor Technologies America, Inc. Pinhole Cameras PINHOLE CAMERA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PINHOLE PHOTOGRAPHY & CAMERA DESIGN CALCULATORS - L. Fratkin, MrPinhole's Pinhole Camera Design Center VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Camera Design Calculators include: Penhole Camera Design Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Focal length; Pinhole diameter; F Stop; Film Dimension; Film Speed..." Pinhole Size Calculator; Pinhole Camera Light Meter Calculator; Monitor Calibrations; Zone Plate Calculator; etc. For more information see MrPinhole's Pinhole Camera Design Center PINHOLE CALCULATOR - B. Manekshaw, PhotoStuff, U.K. Pinhole Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Depth of Camera from pinhole to film; Aperture Diameter; Metered Aperture; Metered Exposure Time..." For more information see Bob Manekshaw's PhotoStuff Photomicrography PHOTOMICROGRAPHY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PHOTOMICROGRAPHY (SHOCKWAVE & JAVA APPLETS) - Olympus Corporation Multimedia Photomicrography Lessons (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Applets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Introduction to Optical Microscopy, Digital Imaging, and Photomicrography; Optical Microscopy for Biomedical Applications or Olympus Corporation Some examples from over "30" Photomicrography Applets & Calculators include Color Temperature Conversion Filter Calculator Film Exposure Calculation in Photomicrography Filter Classes Exposure Metering Building A Charge-Coupled Device QTVR - Quicktime VR QUICKTIME VR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS QUICKTIME VR AUTHORING CALCULATORS & TOOLS - K. Turkowski, Menlo Park, CA VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see QuickTime VR or Ken Turkowski's Home Page Some examples of QuickTime VR (QTVR) Calculators include Optimum Zoom Calculator Pan and Tilt Range Calculator Vertical Cropping Calculator Telescope Cameras TELESCOPE REALTED CALCULATORS & APPLETS FOR TELESCOPE DESIGN, EYEPIECES, OBSERVATORY TOOLS & CALCULATORS & APPLETS SEE THE PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS & ASTRONOMY: TELESCOPES TELESCOPE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CCD IMAGING - Starizona Multimedia CCD Imaging Lessons & Calculators (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. CCD Imaging Calculators include: Pixel Resolution & Field-of-View Calculator INPUT Values include "...CCD Camera (Apogee, AstroVid, Canon, FLI, MaxCam, Meade, etc.); Telescope (Astro-Physics, Celestron, INTES, etc.); Pixel Binning..." Equivalent Exposure Calculator INPUT Values include "...Original Luminance (L) Exposure; Original Red (R) Exposure; Original Green (G) Exposure; Original Blue (B) Exposure; Original CCD Camera; Original Telescope; Original Luminance Binning; New Telescope; etc..." Ideal Exposure Calculator INPUT Values include "...CCD Camera; Test Exposure Time in Minutes; Measured Background Value; Percent Contribution from Readout Noise..." Flat Field Value Calculator INPUT Values include "...CCD Camera; User Defined Full Well Capacity; User Defined System Gain..." Eyepiece Projection Calculator INPUT Values includes "...Original Telescope Focal Length; Original Telescope Focal Ratio; Eyepiece Focal Length; etc..." For more information see Guide to CCD Imaging or Starizona Examples of CCD Imaging Lessons include Basics of CCD Imaging Examples of "Basics of CCD Imaging" Subject Categories include "...Introduction to CCD Imaging; Basics of Taking CCD Images; Image Processing; etc..." Advanced CCD Techniques Examples of "Advanced CCD Techniques" Subject Categories include "...Acvanced CCD Equipment; Imaging Techniques; Image Processing; etc..." CALCULATOR FOR MAGNITUDE LIMITS FOR CCD & TELESCOPE - L. Bogan VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Magnitude Limit of CCD Camera and Telescope Calculator "...determines the response of a telescope and CCD camera to given stars and seeing conditions..." Magnitude Limit of CCD Camera and Telescope Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Stellar Values: Star's Zenith Distance, V-band Magnitude, etc.; Site and Date; Phase and Postion of the Moon, Position of the Sun; Telescope and Detector Telescope Aperture, Diameter of Secondary Mirror, Number of Mirror surfaces, Pixel Size, Read Noise of CCD, Filter and CCD Parameters, etc...." For more information see Astronomy Pages or Larry Bogan's Home Page PIXEL SCALE CALCULATOR - Winchester Electronics VERY EXTENSIVE. Pixel Scale "...The rule of thumb for pixel scale is to aim for around 2 arcsec/pixel for deep sky imaging and around ½ arcsec/pixel for planetary imaging. Ideally, your pixel scale will be half of the value of seeing for your site (e.g. if your site tends to have seeing around 3 arcsecs, then you want a pixel scale of 1.5 arcsec per pixel)..." Pixel Scale Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Aperture; Focal Ratio; CCD Camera; Binning; Seeing (arcsec)..." Pixel Scale Calculator OUTPUT values include: Telescope "...Focal Length, Resolution..." CCD "...Pixel Array, Raw Pixel Size, Pixel Array After Binning, etc..." Imaging "...Optimum Focal Length, Optimum Focal Ratio)..." For more information see Starlight Xpress: Astronomical and Industrial CCD Cameras Underwater Photography UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY REALTED CALCULATORS & APPLETS FOR SCUBA DIVING CALCULATORS & APPLETS SEE THE SPORTS CALCULATOR CENTER: SCUBA DIVING UNDERWATER CAMERA COURSES PHYSICS GEARBAG: UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY - ScubaGeek Multimedia Underwater Photography Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Underwater Photography General Course Chapters include "...The Green Flash; Electrogenesis in Torpedo Rays; Hydrostatic Pressure at a Point; The Hydrostatic Paradox; Constancy of Wave Period; Particle Motion in Deep Water; etc..." Examples of Underwater Photography General Optics Course Chapters include "...Index of Refraction of Water; Refraction of Light by Water; External Reflection From a Water Surface; Internal Reflection From a Water Surface; Total Internal Reflection; etc... Examples of Underwater Photography Lens Optics Course Chapters include "...Diopter Focal Lengths and Powers; Diopters and Lens-to-Subject Distances; Closeup Lenses and Magnification; Diffraction and Photography; Underwater Magnifier; Underwater Spectacles; Effective Focal Lengths of a Lens and Plane Port; Field of View at a Planar Interface; etc..."

Sunrise/Sunset, Sun's Position, Moon Phase, etc. SUNRISE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SUNSET CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MOON PHASES CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COMPLETE SUN AND MOON DATA FOR ONE DAY CALCULATOR - Astronomical Applications, United States Naval Observatory (USNO) VERY EXTENSIVE. Click on "Complete Sun and Moon Data for One Day". Sun and Moon Data for One Day Calculator output values include: Sun "...Begin Civil Twilight; Sunrise; Sun Transit; Sunset; End Civil Twilight..." Moon "...Moonset; Moonrise; Moon Transit; Moonset; Moonrise..." Other Astronomical Calculators Subject Categories include: "...Rise/Set/Transit/Twilight Data; Phases of the Moon; Eclipses and Transits; Positions of Selected Celestial Objects; Synthetic Views of the Earth and Solar System Bodies; Dates; Celestial Navigation; etc..." For more information see Astronomical Applications or the United States Naval Observatory (USNO) MOON PHASE CALCULATOR - The University of Texas McDonald Observatory "...Moon Phases for the entire Month..." For more information see StarDate PHOTOPERIOD CALCULATOR: COMPUTATION OF DAYLENGTHS, SUNRISE/SUNSET TIMES, TWILIGHT AND LOCAL NOON - J. Lammi, Finland VERY EXTENSIVE. Photoperiod Calculator output values include "...Daylength; Begin of Nautical Twilight; Begin of Civil Twilight; Sunrise Time; Sunset Time; End of Civil Twilight; End of Nautical Twilight; Maximum Height Angle; Declination of Sun; Sun Altitude & Azimuth; Solar power at Noon; For more information see J. Lammi's Home Page SUN, MOON AND EARTH (JAVA APPLET) - J. Giesen English & German/Deutsch. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Sun, Moon & Earth Calculator "...displays the positions of the Sun and Moon on the horizon for any date, time and location, and on a world map with day and night regions. The times of rise and setting,..." For more information see GeoAstro Applets; Astro Applets; Astronomy and related stuff or Juergen Giesen's Physik und Astronomie Examples from over "20" GeoAstro Calculators & Applets include Sun Plotter Applet Analemma Sundial Applet Sun position (polar coordinates) Applet SUNRISE - SUNSET CALCULATOR - GMD-Radiation Group (G-Rad), NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), NOAA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Sunrise Calculator - Sunset Calculator includes "...Equation of Time; Solar Declination; Apparent Sunrise; Solar Noon; Apparent Sunset..." For more information see GMD-Radiation Group (G-Rad); Global Monitoring Division or the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), NOAA SUNRISE - SUNSET (JAVA APPLET) - Pangolin Communications, Auckland, New Zealand Sunrise Calculator - Sunset Calculator includes: "...Sun Rise & Set; Civil Twilight & Nautical Twilight..." For more information see Alamanac On-line or Pangolin Communications SUNRISE - SUNSET CALCULATOR FOR AM STATIONS IN THE U.S. - D. Bickel, Audio Services Division, Mass Media Bureau, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Sunrise Calculator - Sunset Calculator for AM Stations in the U.S.: "...These values are important to those AM stations who must reduce power, cease operations, or change to directional operation during the nighttime hours, as well as the stations protected by the changed operation..." For more information see Radio Tools or the Audio Services Division

Canals, Ships, Maritime

Navigation ~ Ports & Ships, Distance & Voyage Time Marine Weather ~ Canal & Straits Tolls ~ Port Costs & Tolls Navigating Ports ~ River Navigating

Navigation NAVIGATION COURSES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS & APPLETS FOR NAVIGATION CALCULATORS & APPLETS SEE CALCULATORS CENTER PART I:I-N: NAVIGATION - OCEAN AND SEA NAVIGATION FOR COASTAL ENGINEERING COURSES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE THE ENGINEERING CENTER: COASTAL ENGINEERING FOR NAVAL ARCHITECTURE, MARINE & OCEAN ENGINEERING COURSES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE THE ENGINEERING CENTER: NAVAL ARCHITECTURE, MARINE & OCEAN ENGINEERING FOR NAVIGATION COURSES SEE NAVIGATION FOR MARITIME COURSES, DATABASES & DICTIONARIES SEE MARITIME, SHIPS, SAILING, BOATING Ports & Ships and Distance & Voyage Time SHIPS & PORTS DATABASES LIVE SHIPS MAP - AIS - VESSEL TRAFFIC AND POSITIONS - MarineTraffic, Developed and Hosted by the Department of Product & Systems Design Engineering, University of the Aegean Multimedia Vessel Traffic and Positions Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in over "20" Languages. Live Ships Map - AIS - Vessel Traffic and Positions includes Current Location of Ships at Sea Worldwide including "...Passenger Vessels; Cargo Vessels; Tankers; Tugs, Pilots; etc..." Current Location of Ships at Ports Worldwide & Expected Arrivals; etc. For more information see Department of Product & Systems Design Engineering CARGO PORTS WORLD WIDE - D. Nugent VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Cargo Ports Databases includes "...various ports and terminals throughout the world which provide information to the marine community on vessel traffic, type of cargo handled, etc..." For more information see Don Nugent's Home Page MARITIME COMPANIES WORLD WIDE - D. Nugent VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Maritime Companies Database includes "...Shipping Companies; Drilling Companies; Shipyards; Classification Societies and Agents...." For more information see Don Nugent's Home Page PORTS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DISTANCE & VOYAGE TIME CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DATALOY DISTANCE TABLE: PORTS DISTANCE & VOYAGE TIME CALCULATOR - Datalay VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Dataloy Distance Table: Ports Distance & Voyage Time Calculator includes "...5300 Ports/Maritime Locations; 23000 Waypoints; 150000 Logical Relations Between Waypoints; 11000 Geographical References including: Capes, Lighthouses, Reefs, Islands, etc..." Marine Weather MARINE WEATHER SCALES FOR MORE WEATHER/METEOROLOGY CALCULATORS & APPLETS SEE WEATHER/METEOROLOGY MARINE WEATHER SCALES - Marine Waypoints Marine Wearther Scales include: "...Beaufort Wind Scale; Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale; Dvorak Current Intensity Chart (Dvorak Hurricane Intensity Scale); Wind Warnings; Fujita Tornado Scale..." For more information see Marine Waypoints MARINE WEATHER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE (WORLD WEATHER MAP) - Aaviation Weather, National Weather Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see National Weather Center METEOROLOGY, OCENAOGRAPHY & TROPICAL APPS WEATHER DATABASES - Fleet Numerical Meteorlogy and Oceanography Center, Department of Defense VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Meteorology, Oceanography & Tropical Databases include: Meteorology Databases "...MyWxmap; WXMap; Coverage; EFS (Gale Probability, Percipitation Probability, etc.); EFS Plumes;..." Oceanography Databases "...WW3; WW3 Ensmeble; NCODA (Sea Surface Temperature, SST Anomaly, SST Climatology); etc..." Tropical Apps Databases "...TC Web & TC Tracts..." For more information see the Fleet Numerical Meteorlogy and Oceanography Center CURRENT MARINE WEATHER WORLD WIDE - Ocean Weather VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Marine Wearther includes: "...Significant Wave Height with Wave Direction; Marine Ovservations & Model Pressures; Sea Surface Temperature..." For more information see Ocean Weather Jet Stream Analysis & Forcasts JET STREAM ANALYSIS & FORECASTS (REAL-TIME & FORECASTS) - Meteorology Program, Department of Geosciences, San Francisco State University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Jet Stream Analysis & Forecasts Database includes Daily Analysis & Forecasts for "...Northern Hemisphere; Southern Hemisphere; Eastern Pacific; North Atlantic; etc..." For more information see California Regional Weather Server Buoy Data BUOY DATA IN REAL-TIME - COASTAL U.S., NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC, COASTAL CANADA, CARIBBEAN, COASTAL EUROPE, ETC. - National Data Buoy Center, National Weather Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Buoy Data Database includes Current Conditions & Previous Observations for: "...Wind Direction (WDIR); Wind Speed (WSPD); Wind Gust (GST); Wave Height (WVHT); Dominant Wave Period (DPD); Average Period Average Period (APD); Atmospheric Pressure (PRES); Pressure Tendency (PTDY); Air Temperature (ATMP); Water Temperature (WTMP); Wind Chill (CHILL)..." For more information see the National Weather Center Sea Winds TODAY'S SEAWINDS - WINDS, JPL, NASA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "...The 'overlays' combine the cloud imagery from several geosynchronous satellites with SeaWinds scatterometry..." For more information see WINDS Tsunamis TSUNAMI: PACIFIC OCEAN, HAWAII, INDIAN OCEAN, & PUERTO RICO AND THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - Pacific Tsunami Waring System, Pacific Region Headquarters, National Weather Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Pacific Tsunami Waring System Database includes: "...Most Recent Event Message; Location Map; Tsunami Zone; etc., for Pacific Oceans, Hawaii, Indian Ocean & Puerto Rico & the U.S. Virgin Islands.." For more information see the Pacific Region Headquarters, Hawaii or the National Weather Center TSUNAMI - U.S. WEST COAST & ALASKA - West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, National Weather Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center or the National Weather Center AUSTRALIA MARINE WEATHER - Bureau of Meteorology, Commonwealth of Australia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Australia Marine Weather Databases include: "...Tides; Sea Level; Tsunami Alerts; Ocean Temperature; Wave Heights; Forecasts; etc..." For more information see the Bureau of Meteorology JAPAN CURRENT TSUNAMI WARNING BULLETINS - Japan Meteorological Agency VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. In Japanese & English. For more information see the Japan Meteorological Agency DEEP OCEAN ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING OF TSUNAMIS (DART) - REAL-TIME DATA BUOY DATA FOR ALASKA, WESTERN CANADA, U.S. WEST COAST, HAWAII, NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC, U.S. EAST COAST, & CARIBBEAN - National Data Buoy Center, National Weather Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) Project is an ongoing effort to maintain and improve the capability for the early detection and real-time reporting of tsunamis in the open ocean..." For more information see National Data Buoy Center or the National Weather Center Toll Calculations for Major Canals & Straits TOLL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BOSPHORUS & DARDANELLES STRAITS TOLL CALCULATOR FOR BOSPHORUS & DARDANELLES STRAITS - Leth Agencies Toll Calculator for Bosphorus & Dardanelles Straits INPUT Values include: "...GRT, NRT, etc..." For more information see Leth Agencies TOLL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PANAMA CANAL TOLL CALCULATORS, TARIFFS & LIVE CAMERAS PANAMA CANAL AUTHORITY TOLLS ASSESSMENT - Panama Canal Authority Panama Canal Authority Tolls Assessment "...on May 1, 2005, continuing with the segmentation changes started in 2002, a revised measurement and pricing system entered into force, applicable to full container vessels and other vessels types..." For more information see Marine Tariffs or the Panama Canal Authority Also see Panama Canal Live Cameras (Miralores Locks - Panama City and the Gatun Locks - Colon) How the Canal Works (Shockwave) TOLL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SUEZ CANAL SUEZ CANAL TOLL CALCULATOR - Leth Suez Transit Ltd AS VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Suez Canal Tool Calculator "...Note that you have to add (Tug Hire) 6600 SDR for LPG\LNG vessels from 25.000-80.000 SCNRT if a gasfree Certificate is not provided. Vessels with deck cargo please contact Leth Suez Transit Ltd AS. Please note that this is an estimation only..." Suez Canal Toll Calculator INPUT Values include: Tariffs "...Tankers of Crude Oil; LNG Carriers; LPC Carriers; Chemical Carriers; etc..." SCNRT; Condition; Transit draft; SDR/USD. For more information see Leth Suez Transit SUEZ CANAL TOLL CALCULATOR - Gulf Agency Co. (GAC Egypt), a division of Gulf Agency Company Ltd., Dubai, United Arab Emirates VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Suez Canal Toll Calculator INPUT Values include: Tariffs "...Tankers of Crude Oil; LNG Carriers; LPC Carriers; Chemical Carriers; etc..." SCNRT; Condition; Transit draft; SDR/USD. For more information see Gulf Agency Co. (GAC Egypt) Also see Suez Canal Rules Of Navigation Major International Port Costs & Tolls PORT COST CALCULATORS & APPLETS - PORT TOLL CALCULATORS & APPLETS EGYPT, IRAN, TURKEY, SINGAPORE & THAILAND PORT COSTS TOLL CALCULATORS FOR PORTS IN EGYPT, IRAN, TURKEY, SINGAPORE & THAILAND - Leth Agencies VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Port Costs Toll Calculators for Ports in Egypt, Iran, Turkey, Singapore & Thailand INPUT Values include: "...GRT; Draft; LOA..." For more information see Leth Agencies CHINA: PORT TARIFF, COSTS, FEES - CALCULATORS & APPLETS CHINA PORTS (GUANGZHOU, LANSHAN, SHANGHAI, ETC.) - Far East International Ship Agency (FEISA), LETH Feisa, Leth Agencies VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. China Ports Databases & Calculators for the Ports of Shanghai, Tianjin, Yantai, Yingkou, Chengxi Shipyard, Penglai, Qingdao, Rizhao, Weihai, Jinan, Dalian, Guangzhou, Lanshan include: "...Maps; Country information; Port summary; Bunkering; Services; Forwarding; Navigation/Berthing; Tariff Calculator; etc..." For more information see Leth Agencies EGYPT: PORT TARIFF, COSTS, FEES - CALCULATORS & APPLETS PORTS IN EGYPT (ABU KIR, ALEXANDRIA, PORT SAID, SUEZ, ETC.) - LETH Suez, Leth Agencies VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ports in Egypt Databases & Calculators for the Ports of Sidi Kerir, Sokhna Port, Wadi Feiran, Suez, Suez Canal Transit, Abu Kir, Abu Zenima, Adabiya, Ain Sukhna, Alexandria, Ras Sudr, Ras Budran, Ras Shukheir, Port Said, etc include: "...Maps; Country Information; Port Summary; Facilities Tanker, Gas, Liquid, Container, DryBulk, etc. Services; Forwarding; Navigation/Berthing; Tariff Calculator; etc..." For more information see Leth Agencies GERMANY: PORT TARIFF, COSTS, FEES - CALCULATORS & APPLETS PORT DUE CALCULATOR & WHARFAGE CHARGE CALCULATOR - Duisport, Germany Port Due Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Deadweight; Cargo; Arrival Date & Time; Departure Date & Time..." Wharfage Charge Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Cargo Class according to Cargo List as grouped for Wharfage; Weight..." For more information see Duisport QATAR: PORT TARIFF, COSTS, FEES - CALCULATORS & APPLETS PORT TARIFF CALCULATOR - Ras Laffan Port, Ras Laffan Industrial City, Qatar Ras Laffan Port, Qatar Port Tarrif Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Vessel Name; Official Number; GRT; NRT; DWT; LOA; Draft; Stay; Type of Ship: LNG Berth, Cargo, Tanker. etc..." For more information see Ras Laffan Industrial City SINGAPORE: PORT TARIFF, COSTS, FEES - CALCULATORS & APPLETS SHIP REGISTRATION FEE CALCULATOR - Singapore Maritime Portal, Singapore Singapore Ship Registration Fee Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Vessels to Register; Company Name; etc..." For more information see Singapore Maritime Portal TURKEY: PORT TARIFF, COSTS, FEES - CALCULATORS & APPLETS TURKISH PORTS (ALIAGA, ANTALYA, IZMIT, ETC.) - Mastership, LETH Mastership, Leth Agencies VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Turkish Ports Databases & Calculators of the Ports of Trabzon, Mersin, Samsun, Aliaga, Antalya, Bosphorus & Dardanelles Straits, Bandirma, Istanbul (Haydarpasa), Marmare Ereglisi etc., include Maps; Country Information; Facilities "...Tanker, Gas, Liquid, Container, DryBulk, etc..." Services; Bunkering; Traffic Calculator; etc..." For more information see Leth Agencies

Navigating Ports NAVIGATING PORTS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS REAL-TIME SYSTEMS PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC REAL-TIME SYSTEMS - Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, National Ocean Service, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System "...is a decision support tool that improves the safety and efficiency of maritime commerce and coastal resource management through the integration of real-time environmental observations, forecasts and other geospatial information. PORTS measures and disseminates observations and predictions of water levels, currents, salinity, and meteorological parameters (e.g., winds, atmospheric pressure, air and water temperatures) that mariners need to navigate safely..." "...Measures and disseminates observations and predictions of Water Levels, Currents, Salinity, and Meteorological Parameters (Winds, Atmospheric Pressure, Air and Water Temperatures) that mariners need to navigate safely..." For more information see Products; Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services or the NOAA'S National Ocean Service Examples include Chesapeake Bay North Chesapeake Bay includes Northern Chesapeake Bay "...Annapolis; Baltimore; Chesapeake Bay Bridge; Potomac River Mid-channel; Solomons Island; Washington DC; etc..." Delaware River and Bay Delaware River and Bay includes "...Brown Shoal; Cape May; Delaware City; Philadelphia; etc..." Houston/Galveston Houston & Galveston include: "...Morgans Point; Eagle Point; Pier 21; etc..." Los Angeles & Long Beach Los Angeles & Long Beach include "...Angels Gate; Berth 161; Los Angeles-Berth 60; Pier 400; etc..." New York & New Jersey Harbor Ports New York & New Jersey include "...Bayonne Bridge; Bergen Point; Kings Point; etc..." Port of Anchorage Port of Anchorage includes "...Anchorage & Nikiski..." San Francisco Bay San Francisco Bay includes "...Alameda; Benicia Bridge; Oakland; Redwood City; Richmond; etc..." Soo Locks Soo Locks include "...Detour Village; Little Rapids; Lookout 4; Point Iroquois; Rock Cut; SouthWest Pier/Upper; etc..." River Navigating RIVER NAVIGATING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS NAVIGATING THE MISSISSIPPI AND ILLINOIS RIVERS MISSISSIPPI AND ILLINOIS RIVERS BRIDGE CLEARANCE CALCULATOR - Rock Island District, United States Army Corps of Engineers VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mississippi & Illinois Rivers Bridge Clearance Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Bridge Description (Choose from over 30 Bridges); Choose a River; Choose a River Mile; Choose an Offset..." For more information see Rock Island District or the United States Army Corps of Engineers Examples of other Mississippi & Illinois Rivers Calculators, Databases, etc. include Locate a Vessel on the Mississippi River or the Ohio River Rock Island Lock and Dam River Cam Mississippi River: River Gage Data - Rivers, Streams & Tributaries

Clocks, Watches, Sundials, Sun Compasses

Clocks/Watches/Time HOROLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WATCHMAKING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CLOCKMAKING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CYCLOIDAL GEAR CALCULATOR: BRITISH STANDARD 978 PARR 2 - H. Sparks Cycloidal Gear Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Module; Number of Wheel Teeth; Number of Pinion Teeth; Circular Pitch; Dedendum; Gear Ratio; etc..." For more information see Designing Cycloidal Gears; Watchmaking or Cynthia and Hugh's Home Page HOROLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WATCHMAKING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MAINSPRING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CALCULATE OPTIMUM MAINSPRING LENGTH - British Horological Institute Limited, U.K. Optimum Mainspring Length Calculator "...To get the best out of a mainspring, it should be the right length. If it is too long or too short, it could stop the clock or watch from running it's full length of time. With this program, you can enter the barrel and arbor diameters and the amount of mainspring that rests against the outer wall of the barrel will be displayed..." Optimum Mainspring Length Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Calculate amount of Spring against the Outer Edge of the Barrel; Barrel Diameter; Arbor Diameter..." For more information see Workshop Hints and Tips or the British Horological Institute Limited CALCULATE CHANGE IN MAINSPRING LENGTH - British Horological Institute Limited, U.K. Change in Mainspring Length Calculator "...will calculate the approximate length that needs to be removed from the mainspring supplied..." For more information see Workshop Hints and Tips or the British Horological Institute Limited HOROLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WATCHMAKING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WATCH & CLOCK TRAIN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WATCH & CLOCK TRAIN CALCULATOR - D. Gregory, Masmus Ltd., U.K. and hosted by the British Horological Institute Limited, U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Watch & Clock Train Calculator includes: "...Calculation from Gear Train; Calculation from Vibrations per Minute; Calculation from Pendulum Length; etc..." For more information see Workshop Hints and Tips or the British Horological Institute Limited HOROLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WATCHMAKING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WHEEL COUNTS TO BEATS PER HOUR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CALCULATE BEATS PER HOUR - Modified by: M. McCreery, British Horological Institute Limited, U.K. Beats per Hour Calculator "...will allow you to enter the wheel counts and then it will show the beats per hour..." Beats per Hour Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Counts for: Escape Wheel Teeth; Pinion; Fourth Wheel Teeth; Pinion; Third Wheel Teeth; Pinion; Centre Wheel Teeth..." For more information see Workshop Hints and Tips or the British Horological Institute Limited TIME CALCULATORS & APPLETS AND DATE CALCULATORS & APPLETS ASTROCLOCK: ASTRONOMICAL CLOCK - J. MacKinnon, Raymond, Maine VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. AstroClock: Astronomical Clock calculates in real time "...Equation of Time, System Civil Time, Civil Time, Standard Time, Coordinated Universal Time, Universal Time 1, International Atomic Time, Terrestrial Time (Dynamical), Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time, Greenwich Apparent Sidereal Time, Julian Day (JD), Modified Julian Day (MJD), Julian Day (JDE), Modified Julian Day (MJDE), Local Mean Solar Time, Local Apparent Solar (Sundial) Time, Local Mean Sidereal Time, Local Apparent Sidereal Time..." AstroClock: Astronomical Clock displays "...Mean Obliquity of the Ecliptic; True Obliquity of the Ecliptic, Nutation in Longitude, Nutation in Obliquity, Earth's Orbital Eccentricity, Equation of the Equinoxes, etc..." For more information see Jeff MacKinnon's World Wide Web Gateway COUNTDOWN TO THE DATE & TIME OF YOUR CHOICE - - Steffen Thorsen, Time and Date AS, Stavanger, Norway VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Welcome to www.timeanddate.com Some examples from over '10' Time & Date Calculators include World Clock Calculate duration between two dates The Fixed Time World Clock - setup The World Clock Meeting Planner CLOCK ARITHMETIC CALCULATOR - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. Clock Arithmetic Calculator "...learn about modular arithmetic operations through working with various types of clocks..." For more information see Tools; Interactive; Master Tools or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. WORLD TIME ZONE - Chaos Software Group, Inc. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. World Time Zone "...provides correct and current time in any world time zone, country or major city. Accurate adjustments for Daylight Saving Time (or Summer Time) are made according to each location's rules and laws..." For more information see Chaos Software Group, Inc. FOR PACE & TIME CALCULATORS FOR RUNNER'S SEE SPORTS CALCULATORS: RUNNING Sundials SUNDIAL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DECLINING VERTICAL SUNDIAL CALCULATORS & APPLETS DECLINING VERTICAL SUNDIAL CALCULATOR - P. Daykin, Derbyshire, U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Declining Vertical Sundial Calculator "...All the information on this page applies to sundial design for the northern hemisphere. If you live in the southern hemisphere you will have to take account of the fact that the sun is north at noon, not south..." Declining Vertical Sundial Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Latitude; Declination; Wall angle; Hour angle; Length BC..." For more information see Sundials Made by Peter Daykin SUNDIAL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HORIZONTAL SUNDIAL SHADOW ANGLE CALCULATORS & APPLETS HORIZONTAL SUNDIAL SHADOW ANGLE CALCULATOR - P. Daykin, Derbyshire, U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Horizontal Sundial Shadow Angle Calculator INPUT Values include: "...your latitude..." For more information see Sundials Made by Peter Daykin SUNDIAL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS REAL-TIME SIMULATION OF A SUNDIAL ANALEMMA SUNDIAL APPLET - J. Giesen English & German/Deutsch. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Analemma Sundial "...has a vertical rod (gnomon, height H) casting the shadow on a horizontal plane. The shadow of the gnomon's top (point P) is used to read the time (and the date)..." "...An analemma is the figure-of-eight shape that results if the Sun's position in the sky is recorded at the same time of day throughout the year..." For more information see GeoAstro Applets; Astro Applets; Astronomy and related stuff or Juergen Giesen's Physik und Astronomie VIRTUAL SUNDIAL (JAVA APPLET) - Queens' College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Virtual Sundial "...simulates sundials with a flat plate. The flat plate of a sundial is an example of what is known mathematically as a plane. The orientation of a plane in space is specified completely by the direction of its normal, a line perpendicular to the plane..." For more information see Virtual Sundial Home Page or Queens' College Sun Compass BEARING-DIAL SUNCOMPASS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS VIKING BEARING-DIAL SUNCOMPASS - NORSE BEARING-DIAL SUNCOMPASS BEARING-DIAL SUNCOMPASS - E. Torpegaard, Denmark In English & Danish. VERY EXTENSIVE. Bearing-Dial Suncompass "...From Vebaeks finds in Eastern Settlement in Greenland 1948...used by Vikings and Norses for mapping of special selected geographically areas...895-1010 AD..."

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