MARTINDALE'S CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER CHEMISTRY A-D

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Chemistry Calculators: A-D Acid Base Titration ~ Air Quality ~ Atmospheric Chemistry ~ Atomic/Molecular Orbitals Atomic Quantum Mechanics ~ Biomass & Biofuels ~ Boltzman Distribution Brownian Motion ~ Buffers ~ Caesium-137 ~ Calorimetry Carbon Dioxide ~ Centrifuge ~ Ceramics Chem Lab First Year Chemsitry, Lab Experiments & Demonstrations (Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) Chemical Calculation Uncertainties ~ Chemical Ecology of Insects Chemical Engineering, Process Control Petrochemical Eng., Chemical Reaction Eng., Pipe Systems, etc. Chemical & Biochemical Solutions, Virtual Laboratories Chemputers ~ Chromatography ~ Coal ~ Composite Materials Computational Chemistry ~ Crystallography Diatomic ~ Diffusion ~ Dioxins Chemistry Center (Courses, Databases, Journals, Video/Movies & Audio/Sound) Back to Chemistry Calculators Center Calculators On-Line Center Home Page

Acid Base Titration ACID BASE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ACID-BASE TITRATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ACID BASE SIMULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - B. Herreros, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California (USC) Acid Base Calculator "...lets students add either HCl or NaOH to a flask full of water and a flask full of a buffer solution..." For more information see 105b Acid & Base Resources; General Chemistry 105b Home Page; Course Web Pages; Java; Bruno Herreros Home Page or the Department of Chemistry ACID-BASE TITRATION CURVES (JAVA APPLET) - C.E. Efstathiou, Department of Chemistry, Uniiveristy of Athens, Greece VERY EXTENSIVE. Acid-Base Titration Curves Calculator allows the user to "...obtain the titration curves of some of the more common acids and bases at any combination. The user can select the acid (among 25 real acids) and the base (among 22 real bases),..." For more information see Educational Applets; Constantinos E. Efstathiou's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry TITRATION OF AN UNKNOWN ACID OR BASE (JAVA APPLET) - D.N. Blauch, Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, NC VERY EXTENSIVE. Titration of an Unknown Acid or Base Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select up to 7 Unknown Compounds; Mass of Unknown Compounds; Volume of Water; Select a Titrant..." For more information see David N. Blauch's Home Page or Department of Chemistry VIRTUAL CHEMISTRY LAB FOR ACID-BASE TITRATION - M. Won, Department of Curriculum & Instruction, College of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Multimedia Acid-base Titration Teaching Modules (Text & Images) VERY EXTENSIVE. Acid-Base Titration Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Volume of an unknown acid or base solution; Standard reagent of known concentration; etc..." For more information see Chemlab; Projects; Mihye Won's Home Page or the Department of Curriculum & Instruction VIRTUAL TITRATORS - R. Hammer, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Some examples of Virtual Titrator Calculators include: Virtual Acid Titrator Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select from over "80" Weak Acids (Hexaprotic Acids, Triprotic Acids, Tetraprotic Acids, Diprotic Acids & Monoprotic Acids); Acid Concentration; Acid Volume; Base Concentration; Graph either Titration Curve, Alpha Plot vs. pH, or Alpha Plot vs. ml Base..." Virtual Input ka Values Titrator Calculator: "...has the ability to plot out a titration curve for an acid with ka values of your choice versus a strong base of the form [MOH]..." For more information see Interactive Chemistry; Hamers Group or the Department of Chemistry PCR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PCR BOX TITRATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PCR BOX TITRATION CALCULATOR - Attotron Biosensor Corporation PCR Box Titration Calculator "...calculates the amounts of various ingredients needed to do two-dimensional box titrations of various reactants in polmerase chain reactions..." For more information see Sequence Analysis Software; QuizMaker Suite or Attotron Biosensor Corporation

Air Quality AIR QUALITY RELATED CENTERS FOR AIR QUALITY DATABASES SEE THE PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER: AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIR QUALITY INDEX CALCULATORS & APPLETS AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI) CALCULATOR - Office of Air & Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) VERY EXTENSIVE. Air Quality Index Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select a Polllutant; Units Required; Concentration..." Air Quality Index Calculator output values include: "...AUI; AUI Category (Good, Moderate, Unhealthy); Health Effects; Cautionary Statements; etc..." For more information see AIRNow - Air Quality Index (AQI) CONCENTRATION CALCULATORS & APPLETS CONCENTRATION CONVERTER (AIR QUALITY) - CALCULATOR - M. Ryhl-Svendsen, National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark VERY EXTENSIVE. The Concentration Converter Calculator is an "...On-line calculator for convertion between gas concentration units and can be used for any compound in air (Ammonia, Acetic acid, Acetaldehyde, Carbonyl sulphide, Hydrogen sulphide, Nitric oxide, etc.)..." Concentration Converter Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Atmospheric Pressure; Molecular Weight of Pollutant; Concentration in ppb; etc..." For more information see Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in Museums and Archives VENTILATION SYSTEMS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MECHANICALLY VENTILATED BUILDINGS - IMPACT POLUTION MODEL - UCL Centre for Sustainable Heritage, Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London (UCL), London, England, U.K. In English & Polish/Polski. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mechanically Ventilated Buildings: Impact Polution Model "...assumes that outdoor pollutants, as trace gases in the air, enter a building through the ventilation system and by infiltration through cracks, crevices, window openings..." "...As well as providing an estimate of the indoor pollutant concentration that objects are exposed to, the IMPACT software can help understand how well a particular building controls air pollution, and how it could be improved. Both naturally ventilated and mechanically ventilated buildings can be studied.The IMPACT model will also give an indication of the interior surfaces on which pollutants are reacting - which materials are reactive, which are inert...." Inpact Pollution Model for Mechanically Ventilated Buildings Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Pollutant; Indoor Temperature; Realative Humidity; Air Intake; Filter Efficiency; Porportion of Fresh Air; Infiltration; Building Pramenters "...Internal Volume, Wall Materials, Ceiling Materials, Surfaces, etc...." For more information see the IMPACT project or the UCL Centre for Sustainable Heritage NATURALLY VENTILATED BUILDINGS - IMPACT POLUTION MODEL - UCL Centre for Sustainable Heritage, Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London (UCL), London, England, U.K. In English & Polish/Polski. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Naturally Ventilated Buildings: Impact Polution Model "...assumes that outdoor pollutants, as trace gases in the air, enter a building through the ventilation system and by infiltration through cracks, crevices, window openings..." "...As well as providing an estimate of the indoor pollutant concentration that objects are exposed to, the IMPACT software can help understand how well a particular building controls air pollution, and how it could be improved. Both naturally ventilated and mechanically ventilated buildings can be studied.The IMPACT model will also give an indication of the interior surfaces on which pollutants are reacting - which materials are reactive, which are inert...." Inpact Pollution Model for Naturally Ventilated Buildings Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Pollutant; Indoor Temperature; Realative Humidity; Air Changes; Estimate Air Changes from Temperature and Windspeed; Outdoor Temperatue; Wind Speed; Building Pramenters (Internal Volume, Wall Materials, Ceiling Materials, Surfaces, etc.)..." For more information see the IMPACT project or the UCL Centre for Sustainable Heritage

Atmospheric Chemistry ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY SPREADSHEETS (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - T. S. Dibble, Faculty of Chemistry, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York (SUNY), Syracuse, NY VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Atmospheric Chemistry Calculators include: "...Rate Constants for Termolecular Reaction Calculator; Solar Zenith Angle Calculator; Photolysis Rate Calculator; Nitrogen Reservoir Species Calculator; etc..." For more information see Environment Chemistry II; Theodore S. Dibble's Home Page; Dibble Group Web Page or the Faculty of Chemistry Atomic & Molecular Orbitals ATOMIC ORBITALS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ATOMIC ORBITALS (VRML) - D.N. Blauch, Department of Chemistry, Davidson College VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Atomic Orbitals Calculators & Simulations include: Graphical Representation of Orbitals "...A radial distribution plot, an electron density plot, and a virtual reality isosurface plot for the hydrogen 1s orbital are..." s Orbitals "...For s orbitals with various principal quantum numbers, radial distribution, electron density, and isosurface plots are examined..." p Orbitals "...For p orbitals with various principal quantum numbers, radial distribution, electron density, and isosurface plots are examined..." d Orbitals; Sizes of Atomic Orbitals; Effective Nuclear Charge; etc..." For more information see Chemistry Experiments and Exercises; David N. Blauch or the Department of Chemistry HYDROGEN ATOM ORBITAL VIEWER (JAVA APPLET) - P. Falstad VERY EXTENSIVE. Hydrogen Atom Orbital Calculator "...displays the wave functions (orbitals) of the hydrogen atom (actually the hydrogenic atom) in 3-D..." Hydrogen Atom Orbital Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select Real Orbitals, Complex Orbitals, Real Combinations, Complex Combinations, Multiple Bases or Hybrid Bases; Show No Slicing, X Slicing, Y Slicing or Z Slicing; etc..." For more information see Math, Physics & Engineering Applets or Paul Falstad's Home Page IONIZATION ENERGY CALCULATOR - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. Ionization Energy Calculator "...calculates the ionization eneregy of your atom. It also compares the Subtraction method to the Koopmans' Method..." For more information see Ionization Energy Lab; ChemViz or the The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. ATOMIC & MOLECULAR ORBITALS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS THE ORBITON: ATOMIC ORBITALS - M.J. Winter, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, England, U.K. Multimedia Atomic Orbitals Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Animations & 3D Modeling). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Atomic Orbitals Teaching Modules & Animations include: "...Images representing orbitals; Animated plots of wave functions; Animated plots of electron density; "Dot-density" plots of electron density; Plots of radial distribution functions; etc..." For more information see The Sheffield Chemdex; Department of Chemistry or the University of Sheffield MOLECULAR ORBITALS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS EMPIRICAL AND SEMI-EMPIRICAL MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY - B. Salter-Duke, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Northern Territory University, Australia Hückel Calculators include: Hückel Calculator (Ethane) INPUT Values include: "...Number of atoms; Number of bonds; Number of electrons; etc..." Hückel Calculator (Benzene) INPUT Values include: "...Number of atoms; Number of bonds; Number of electrons; etc..." For more information see The Hückel Method; Empirical and semi-empirical molecular orbital theory; Module Index; ACCVIP Australian Computational Chemistry via the Internet Project or Brian Salter-Duke's Home Page THE SIMPLE HUCKEL MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY CALCULATOR - R. Cannings, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Canada Huckel Calculator (SHMO) is "...an interactive program to perform electronic structure calculations within the "Simple Huckel Molecular Orbital" approximations..." For more information see Richard Cannings' Home Page or the Department of Chemistry

Atomic Quantum Mechanics ATOMIC QUANTUM MECHANIC CALCULATORS & APPLETS ATOMIC QUANTUM MECHANICS APPLET - SooHaeng Yoo, E.J. Walter, N.J. Ramer & A.M. Rappe, The Rappe Group, Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Atomic Quantum Mechanics Calculator: "...Pick an atom and its electronic configuration and see the wavefunctions calculated right before your eyes...uses Density Functional Theory to compute all of the ground-state wavefunctions for any element on the periodic table..." For more information see the Atomic Quantum Mechanics: Visualizing the Wave Function; Java; Education; The Rappe Group; Theory, Simulation, and Modeling; Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry or the Department of Chemistry

Biomass & Biofuels BIOMASS DATABASES BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES DATABASE - Biofuels, Office of Transportation Technologies, Department of Energy Multimedia Biomass Feedstock Composition Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Biomass Feedstock Composition Database contains over 150 biomass samples "...designed to make data on chemical composition and physical properties of various biomass resources available to energy professionals in the scientific and engineering community..." Biomass Feedstock Composition and Property Database includes: "...Agricultural Residues; Hardwood; Herbaceous Energy Crops; Softwood; etc..." For more information see For Researchers or the Biomass Program BIOMASS ENERGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BIOMASS ENERGY COST CALCULATORS (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - B. Jenkins, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Biomass Energy Cost Calculators "...allow you to determine the cost of energy based on your own technical, financial, and economic assumptions...computes the level annual cost of energy in both current and constant dollars for a generic biomass power plant using a revenue requirements methodology..." For more information see the Biomass Laboratory; California Biomass Collaborative; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering or the College of Engineering Some examples from over "6" Biomass Energy Cost Calculators include Generic Biomass Power Plant Model Calculator Generic Biomass Power Plant Model Calculator INPUT Values include: Capital Cost; Electrical and Fuel "...Net Plant Capacity; Capacity Factor Percentage; Net Station Efficiency; Fule Heating Value; etc..." Expenses "...Fuel Costs; Labor Costs; Maintenance Costs; etc..." Taxes; Income other than Energy; Financing; Depreciation; etc. Biomass Combined Heat and Power Calculator Biomass Combined Heat and Power Calculator INPUT Values include: Capital Costs; Electrical and Fuel "...Gross Electrical Capacity; Net Electrical Capacity; Fuel Ash Concentration; etc..." Heat "...Aggregate Fraction of Heat Recovered Percentage; Aggregate Sales Price for Heat..." Expenses; Taxes; Income other than Energy; Escalation/Inflation Rate; Financing; etc. Biomass Gasification - Power Generation Model Calculator Biomass Gasification - Power Generation Model Calculator INPUT Values include: Capital Costs "...Gasifier and Feedstock Handling System Capital Cost; Gas Cleaning System Capital Cost; Power Generation/Interconnect System Capital Cost; etc..." Electrical and Fuel Costs "...Gross Electical Capacity; Annual Hours; Annual Net Electricity Generation; Clean Gas Molecular Mass; Clean Gas Density; Clean Gass Lower Heating Value; etc..."; etc. BIOMASS: TREE BIOMASS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS INTERACTIVE SINGLE TREE BIOMASS CALCULATOR - Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, N.H. VERY EXTENSIVE. Tree Biomass Calculator "...calculates the biomass for individual trees and their parts...lets you summarize the amount of various elements in the plant tissues in grams per plant part and..." For more information see Quantifying the Forest; Current Research or The Hubbard Brook Ecosstem Study BIOFUEL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ETHANOL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS THEORETICAL ETHANOL YIELD CALCULATOR - Biomass, Office of Transportation Technologies, Department of Energy VERY EXTENSIVE. Theoretical Ethanol Yield Calculator INPUT Values from the Dry Matter Weight Fraction of Polymeric Sugars include: "...C6 Weight Percentages for Glucan, Galactan, Mannan; C5 Weight Percentages for Xylan; Arabinan..." For more information see For Researchers or the Biomass Program

Boltzman Distribution BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION CALCULATORS & APPLETS MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION CALCULATORS & APPLETS BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION CALCULATOR - B. Hanson, Department of Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Morthfield, Minnesota VERY EXTENSIVE. Boltzmann Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Particles; Energy Level Separation; Total Energy/Temperature..." For more information see Calculators; Bob Hanson's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION: JAVA SIMULATION OF THE IDEAL GAS - A.M. Rappe, The Rappe Group, Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania Maxell-Boltzmann Distribution Calculator "...explains the concepts of randomness and probability distributions...simulates a gas of argon atoms in motion with random velocities..." For more information see the The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: A Hands-On Approach; Java; Education; The Rappe Group; Theory, Simulation, and Modeling; Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry or the Department of Chemistry Brownian Motion BROWNIAN MOTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS & SIMULATIONS BROWNIAN MOTOR (JAVA APPLET) - Franz-Josef Elmer, Condensed Matter, Department of Physics, Institut für Physik, Universität Basel, Switzerland VERY EXTENSIVE. Brownian Motor "...a so-called a Brownian motor that seems to violate the second law of thermodynamics. The idea is to turn the ratchet potential periodically on and off with a frequency..." Brownian Motor Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Particles; Thermal Energy kT in units of the Potential Barrier; Asymmetry Alpha of the Ratchet Potential; Switching Time Tau..." For more information see Home Page of Franz-Josef Elmer BROWNIAN MOTION - T. McIntyre, Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Brownian Motion Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Small Spheres (Number & Size); Large Spheres (Number & Size); Environment (Temperature & Density Ratio); etc..." For more information see Applets; Physics Laboratory; Tim McIntyre's Home Page or the Department of Physics

Buffers BIOLOGICAL BUFFER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BIOLOGICAL BUFFER CALCULATOR - Sigma-Aldrich VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Select from Buffer List "...ACES; ADA; Ammonim Tartrate; AMP; AMPD; BES; BES Sodium Salts; BIS-TRIS; Boric Acid; CABS; CAPSO; Citric Acid; DIPSO; DIPSO Sodium Salts; Ethanolamne; Glycolic Acid; HPEBS; HEPES; IMDAZOLE; etc..." For more information see Biological Buffers or Sigma-Aldrich BUFFER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BUFFERS FOR pH CONTROL - R. Beynon, Proteomics and Functional Genomics Research Group (PFG), Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Buffers for pH Control "...A recipe calculator for thermodynamically correct buffers for pH control..." "...Choose the buffer species you want to use, and enter parameters for volume, pH, and concentration of buffer species. Then, include the option to modify the ionic strength by addition of neutral salt..." Buffers for pH Control INPUT Values include: Buffer Species "...Maleate; Phosphate; Formate; Benzoate; Acetate; Pyridine; Bis-tris; ADA; PIPES; ACES; Phosphate; Tricine; etc..." Volume; pH; Concentration; Control of Ionic Strength; Ionic Strength; Control Ionic Strength; Prepare Buffer at Tempterature; Use Buffer at Temperature. For more information see Rob Beynon's Home Page or the Proteomics and Functional Genomics Research Group (PFG) CITRIC ACID CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SODIUM CITRATE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PHOSAPHATE BUFFER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CITRIC BUFFER - J. Clymer, Cincinnati, Ohio Citric Buffer Calculator "...calculates the amount of citric acid and sodium citrate necessary to achieve a buffer at a given pH and strength..." For more information see Jeffery Clymer's Home Page Examples of Phosphate Buffer Calculators include Phosphate Buffer Calculator I Phosphate Buffer Calculator I "...calculates the amount of monosodium phosphate and trisodium phosphate necessary to achieve a buffer at a given pH and buffer strength..." Phosphate Buffer Calculator II Phosphate Buffer Calculator II "...calculates the amount of monosodium phosphate and disodium phosphate necessary to achieve a buffer at a given pH and buffer strength..."

Caesium-137 CAESIUM CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CAESIUM-137 CALCULATORS & APPLETS CAESIUM-137 MEASUREMENT CALCULATOR - Z. Yusheng, Department of Geography, University of Exeter, U.K. Caesium-137 Calculator calculates "...caesium-137 inventory in mBq/cm^2 or radioactivity per unit mass in mBq/g if cumulative counts, counting time (in seconds), total sample weight (in gram)..." For more information see Applications of Caesium-137 in Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Studies; Zhang Yusheng's Home Page or the Department of Geography Calorimetry CALORIMETRY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CALORIMETRY EXPERIMENTS (JAVA APPLETS) - D.N. Blauch, Department of Chemistry, Davidson College Multimedia Calorimetry Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Simulations & Calculators). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Calorimetry Calculators include: Heat Capacity Calculator; Heat Capacity of a Calorimeter Calculator; Specific Heat Capacity of Ethanol Calculator; Specific Heat Capacity of Copper Calculator; Heat of Combustion of Methane Calculator; etc..." For more information see Chemistry Experiments and Exercises; David N. Blauch or the Department of Chemistry Carbon Dioxide CARBON DIOXIDE RELATED CENTERS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS & ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION SEE WEATHER, METEOROLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY CALCULATORS: CARBON EMISSION & ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION CALCULATORS CARBON DIOXIDE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ISOTROPIC CO2 CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ISOTROPIC CO2 ALGORITHM - Atmopheric Chemistry Group, Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, Chemical Science & Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)s VERY EXTENSIVE. "...Web-based Tool for Converting Carbon Dioxide Isotope Measurements (delta-45 and delta-46) into Standardized delta-13-C and delta-18-O Values..." For more information see the Atmopheric Chemistry Group; Surface and Microanalysis Science Division; Chemical Science & Technology Laboratory; NIST Online Databases; NIST Online Scientific Databases or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Centrifuge/Centrifugation CENTRIFUGE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CENTRIFUGATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CENTRIFUGE ROTOR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CENTRIFUGE G-FORCE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CENTRIFUGE K-FACTOR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CENTRIFUGE ROTOR CALCULATOR - Beckman Coulter, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Centrifuge Rotor Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Motor Type; Radius Minimum & Maximum; Maximum Rotor Speed; etc..." For more information see Centrifugation Lab Resources; Lab Resources or Beckman Coulter, Inc. CENTRIFUGATION ROTOR CALCULATOR & ROTOR COMPARISON CALCULATOR - Chang Bioscience, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Centrifugation Rotor Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select a Brand; Radius Minimum & Maximum; Maximum Rotor Speed; etc..." For more information see Bioinformatics Tools and Resources for Biomedical Scientists and Students or Chang Bioscience, Inc. G-FORCE CALCULATOR - CENTRIFUGE - T.J. Nelson Centrifuge G-Force Calculator INPUT Values include: "...RPM or G-Force; Rotor Type..." s For more information see T.J. Nelson's Home Page ROTOR CALCULATOR - CENTRIFUGE - F. Hoedemaeker, X-Ray Crystallography, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Centrifuge Rotor Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Rotor Type; Radius Minimum & Maximum; Maximum Rotor Speed; and Calculate for either RPM; RCF Average; RCF Maximum; or k-Factor..." For more information see X-Ray Crystallography RUN TIME CONVERSION USING K-FACTORS - Beckman Coulter, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Centrifuge Run Time Conversion Using k-Factors Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select Rotor 1; Select Rotor 2; Enter Run Speed for both; Enter Run Time for Both; Enter k-Factor for Both..." For more information see Centrifugation Lab Resources; Lab Resources or Beckman Coulter, Inc.

Ceramics CERAMICS RELATED CENTERS FOR MORE CERAMICS DATABASES & COURSES SEE THE MATERIALS SCIENCE CENTER: CERAMICS CERAMICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS STRUCTURAL CERAMICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & DATABASES BREVIER TECHNICAL CERAMICS - Informationszentrum Technische Keramik (Technical Ceramics Information Center), Germany VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Technical Ceramics Companion for the Practical Engineer Guide, Course, Teaching Modules & Database (Text & Images). In English & German/Deutsch. Brevier Technical Ceramics "...is intended as a companion for the practical engineer, regardless of whether he or she is a user or manufacturer of ceramics...it offers an overview of ceramic materials, their properties, manufacturing and processing methods, and describes the basic rules for construction using ceramics as well as bonding and joining techniques..." Examples of Brevier Technical Ceramics Chapters & Subchapters include: Ceramic Materials Materials Groups; Classification; Material Descriptions "...Silicate Ceramics; Oxide Ceramics; Non-oxide Ceramics; etc..." Manufacturing "...Raw Materials and Additives; Body Preperation; Forming; Firing; Shrinkage; Machining; etc..." Properties of Technical Ceramics Mechanical Properties "...Density, Porosity, Strength, Elasticity, etc..." Thermal Properties "...Thermal Conductivity, Coefficient of Linear Expansion, etc..." Electrical Properties; Corrosion Properties "...Corrosion Mechanisms; Surface Corrosion and Selective Corrosion; etc..." Applications "...Mechanical Engineering; High-temperature Technologies; Electrical Engineering; etc..." Ceramics Design "...Design Sequence; Design Material, Forming & Modular; Cost-Effectiveness; Design for Strength; etc..." Joining and Bonding Techniques "...Principles; Methods; etc..." For more information see the Technical Ceramics Information Center TECHNICAL CERAMICS DATABASES - Informationszentrum Technische Keramik (Technical Ceramics Information Center), Germany VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Technical Ceramics Databases & Teaching Modules (Text & Images). In English & German/Deutsch. Technical Ceramics Database includes: Material Databases: "...Silicate Ceramics; Oxide Ceramics; Nonoxide Ceramics..." Properties Databases "...Electrical Properties; Mechanical Properties; Thermal Properties; Chemical Properties..." Applications Database: "...Fields of Application; Manufacturers of Technical Ceramics according to the field of application; etc..." For more information see the Technical Ceramics Information Center CERAMICS WEBBOOK TOOLS - Ceramics Division, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory (MSEL), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Ceramics WebBook Tools (Text & Images). Ceramics WebBook Tools include: Glossary of Terms for Phase Equilibria Diagrams; Interactive Data Evaluation Assessment Tool; Texture Analysis Software Package; VAMAS Classification System for Advanced Technical Ceramics; Structural Ceramics Database (WebSCD); etc. For more information see Ceramics WebBook; Ceramics Division; Materials Properties or NIST FRACTOGRAPHY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & DATABASES FRACTOGRAPHY: CHARACTERIZATION OF FRACTURE ORIGINS IN ADVANCED CERAMIC MATERIALS - G. Quinn, J. Swab & E.F. Begley, Ceramics Division, Materials Science & Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Ceramics Fractography Course & Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics "...The strength of many advanced ceramics reflects the flaws present in the material and the material's intrinsic fracture toughness..." Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics includes: Fractographic Montage; Weibull Graphs; Fracture Origin Characterization and the Flaw Catalog: "...Identity; Location; Size..." For more information see Ceramics WebBook; Ceramics Division; Materials Properties or NIST CERAMICS & GLAZE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, RECIPES & ANALYSIS CERAMICS DATABASES (GLAZE CALCULATOR - GLAZE RECIPES) - R. Burkett & R. Feder, SDSU CeramicsWeb, San Diego State University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Ceramics Databases (Text & Images). Ceramics Databases "...This database of glazes will be both a source for recipes for educational and studio use, and also a valuable resource for historical and technical glaze research..." For more information see Main Index: Glaze, Clay, and Material Databases or SDSU - The Ceramics Web KPA GLAZE CALCULATOR (GLAZE CALCULATOR - GLAZE RECIPES) - Author: M. Evans, Kent Potter's Association (KPA), Kent, England, U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. PA Glaze Calculator is "...a program for converting the recipe of a glaze into a formula..." KPA Glaze Calculator INPUT Values include: Material "...Alumina; Barium Carbonate; Bentonite; Bone Ash; Calcined Clay; Colemanite; Dolomite; Feldspar; Lead Bisilicate; Lithium Carbonate; etc..." Parts; Flux; Amphoteric; Glass Former; etc. For more information see Kent Potter's Association (KPA) Chemicals FOR OVER 100 CHEMICAL DATABASES SEE THE CHEMICALS & BIOCHEMICALS

Chem Lab
First Year Chemistry, Experiments & Demonstrations

First Year Chemistry Courses (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) First Year Chemistry Lab Demonstrations & Experiments Chemistry Lab Demonstrations & Experiments (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) Chemistry Lab Demonstrations & Experiments (Text, Images & Videos/Movies) Chemistry Lab Course (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Applets) Computer Chip Thermochemistry Demonstration Glassblowing Course with Demonstrations

First Year Chemistry Courses FIRST YEAR CHEMISTRY COURSES WITH VIDEOS/MOVIES & AUDIO/SOUND FOR MORE FIRST YEAR CHEMISTRY COURSES & TEACHING MODULES SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER SOME EXAMPLES INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY - CHEM 1A (REAL PLAYER) - Heino Nitsche, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Introduction to Chemistry Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Introduction to Chemistry "...Stoichiometry, ideal and real gases, acid-base and solubility equilibrium, oxidation-reduction reactions, thermochemistry, introduction to thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry and radioactivity, the atoms and elements, and..." Examples from over "30" Introduction to Chemistry Video Lectures include "...Matter: Particles/Waves Video Lecture; Quantum Mechanics Video Lecture; Radiation and Matter Video Lecture; Spin, Pauli Principle, Electronic Configuration Video Lecture; Chemical Bonds, Lewis Structures Video Lecture; Kinetic Theory, Absolute Temperature Video Lecture; Matter: Particles/Waves Video Lecture; Oxidation Numbers, Formal Charge Video Lecture; Thermodynamics: First Law Video Lecture; Entropy, Second Law Video Lecture; Strong Acids and Bases Video Lecture; Reduction Potentials Video Lecture; Nuclear and Radiochemistry Video Lecture; etc..." For more information see Heino Nitsche's Home Page; Department of Chemistry; Spring 2006 Courses; Courses or Berkeley Webcasts PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE: 5.111 (REAL PLAYER) - S.T. Ceyer & C.L. Drennan, Department of Chemistry, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Chemistry Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Principles of Chemical Science (5.111) is "...an introductory chemistry course, emphasizing basic principles of atomic and molecular electronic structure, thermodynamics, acid-base and redox equilibria, chemical kinetics, and catalysis..." Some examples of Chemistry Video Lectures include: "...Atomic Theory of Matter Video Lecture; Wavelike Properties of Radiation Video Lecture; Matter As a Wave Video Lecture; Hydrogen Atom Wavefunctions Video Lecture; P Orbitals Video Lecture; Electronic Structure of Multielectron Atoms Video Lecture; Covalent Bonds Video Lecture; Lewis Diagrams Video Lecture; Breakdown of Octet Rule Video Lecture; Molecular Orbital Theory Video Lecture; Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization Video Lecture; Hybridization and Chemical Bonding Video Lecture; Chemical Equilibrium Video Lecture; Acid-Base Equilibrium Video Lecture; Acid Base Titrations and Oxidation/Reduction Video Lecture; Oxidation/Reduction Video Lecture; Transition Metals Video Lecture; Kinetics Video Lecture; etc..." For more information see Sylvia T. Ceyer's Home Page; Catherine L. Drennan's Home Page; Department of Chemistry; Chemistry Courses or MIT OpenCourseWare PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE: 5.112 (REAL PLAYER) - S.T. Ceyer & C.C. Cummins, Department of Chemistry, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Chemistry Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Principles of Chemical Science (5.112) is "...an introductory chemistry course for students with an unusually strong background in chemistry. Knowledge of calculus equivalent to 18.01 is recommended. Emphasis is on basic principles of atomic and molecular electronic structure, thermodynamics..." Some examples of Chemistry Video Lectures include: "...Wave-Particle Duality of Radiation and Matter Lecture Video; Matter as a Wave Lecture Video; Schrödinger Equation for H Atom Video Lecture; Hydrogen Atom Wavefunctions Video Lecture; Electronic Structure of Multielectron Atoms Video Lecture; Ionic Bonds - Classical Model and Mechanism Video Lecture; Internal Degrees of Freedom Video Lecture; Thermodynamics and Spontaneous Change Video Lecture; Lewis and Brønsted Acid-Base Concepts Video Lecture; Titration Curves and pH Indicators Video Lecture; Theory of Molecular Shapes Lecture Video Lecture; Molecular Orbital Theory for Diatomic Molecules Video Lecture; Crystal Field Theory Video Lecture; Color and Magnetism of Coordination Complexes Video Lecture; etc..." For more information see Sylvia T. Ceyer's Home Page; Christopher C. Cummins' Home Page; Department of Chemistry; Chemistry Courses or MIT OpenCourseWare

Chemistry Experiments & Demonstrations CHEMISTRY LAB DEMONSTRATIONS & EXPERIMENTS Lab Demonstrations & Experiments with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound CHEMISTRY LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS (QUICKTIME) - DVAction, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations "...a database of digital video and images comprised of techniques and equipment used in the general chemistry laboratory..." For more information see the Department of Chemistry Subject Categories with examples of over "400" Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations include Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Category Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Category include "...Dispensers Video Demonstrations; Heating Apparatus Video Demonstrations; Measurements Video Demonstrations; Physical Separations Video Demonstrations; Reactions Video Demonstrations; Safety Video Demonstrations; Spectroscopy Video Demonstrations; etc..." Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Equipment Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Equipment include "...Analytical Balance Video Demonstrations; Beaker Video Demonstrations; Bunsen Burner Video Demonstrations; Cuvette Video Demonstrations; Electrodes Video Demonstrations; Flask Video Demonstrations; Measuring Pipet Video Demonstrations; Pasteur Pipet Video Demonstrations; Rubber Tubing Video Demonstrations; Spectrophotometer Video Demonstrations; Thermometer Video Demonstrations; etc..." Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Chemicals Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Chemicals includ: "...Aluminum Chloride Video Demonstrations; Barium Chloride Video Demonstrations; Calcium Chloride Video Demonstrations; Crystal Violet Video Demonstrations; Lithium Chloride Video Demonstrations; Sodium Bicarbonate Video Demonstrations; etc..." Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Microscale Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations by Microscale include "...Calibration of a Small Drop Microburet Video Demonstrations; Demonstration of Four Reaction Types Video Demonstrations; Making a Large Drop Microburet Video Demonstrations; Reaction of Sodium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Video Demonstrations; Serial Acid-Base Titration Video Demonstrations; Single Well Acid-Base Titration Video Demonstrations; Universal Indicator Video Demonstrations; etc..." CHEMISTRY BASED SIMULATIONS: MOVIES & ANIMATIONS (FLASH, QUICKTIME & REALPLAYER) - T.G. Chasteen, Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Texas Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments "...These animations support the teaching of concepts in chemistry in freshman through graduate level courses..." Subject Categories of Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments include: "...Electrophoresis Videos & Animations; Gas Chromatography Videos & Animations; Chromatography Videos & Animations; Chemiluminescence Videos & Animations; Mass Spectrometry Videos & Animations; X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Videos & Animations; HPLC Videos & Animations; Spectrophotometers Videos & Animations; etc..." For more information see Analytical Environmental Chemistry or Department of Chemistry CHEMISTRY LABORATORY TECHNIQUES: DIGITAL LAB TECHNIQUES MANAUAL (REAL PLAYER) - S. Tabacco, Department of Chemistry, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations is "...a series of ten videos designed to help you prepare for your chemistry laboratory class. Each video provides a detailed demonstration of a common laboratory technique, as well as helpful tips and information..." Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments include: "...Volumetric Techniques Video Demonstrations; Titration Video Video Demonstrations; Thin-layer Chromatography Video Demonstrations; Extracting, Washing and Drying Video Demonstrations; Rotary Evaporator Video Demonstrations; Filtration Video Demonstrations; Sublimation Video Demonstrations; Recrystallization Video Demonstrations; Column Chromatography Video Demonstrations; etc..." For more information see Chemistry Laboratory Techniques Course Home Page; Department of Chemistry or MIT OpenCourseWare CHEMISTRY LECTURE DEMONSTRATIONS (QUICKTIME) - G.M. Bodner, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Multimedia Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Subject Categories with examples of over "200" Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations include "...Fundamentals of Measurement Video Demonstrations; Elements and Compounds Video Demonstrations; Stoichiometry Video Demonstrations; Gases Video Demonstrations; Thermochemistry Video Demonstrations; The Structure of the Atom Video Demonstrations; The Covalent Bond Video Demonstrations; The Main-Group Metals Video Demonstrations; The Chemistry of the Nonmetals Video Demonstrations; Acids and Bases Video Demonstrations; Transition Metal Chemistry Video Demonstrations; The Structure of Solids Video Demonstrations; Liquids Video Demonstrations; Solutions Video Demonstrations; Gas-Phase Reactions Video Demonstrations; Acid-Base Equilibria Video Demonstrations; Solubility Product and Complex Equilibria Video Demonstrations; Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Video Demonstrations; Electrochemisrty Video Demonstrations; Chemical Thermodynamics Video Demonstrations; Chemical Kinetics Video Demonstrations; Nuclear Chemisty Video Demonstrations; Chemistry of Carbon Video Demonstrations; etc..." For more information see Lecture Demonstration Sheets; George M. Bodner's Home Page; General Chemistry Help; Courses or the Department of Chemistry CHEMISTRY LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS (QUICKTIME) - Department of Chemistry, Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, Illinois ultimedia Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "60" Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments include: "...Burning Magnesium Video Demonstration; Disappearing Blue - Iodine and starch Video Demonstration; Iron to Copper Video Demonstration; Quick Gold - Arsenic Sulfide Video Demonstration; Tornado Reaction Video Demonstration; Cylinder of Blood Video Demonstration; Needle Through a Balloon Video Demonstration; Ice on a String Video Demonstration; Vitamin C Clock Reaction Video Demonstration; etc..." For more information see Virtual Chembook or the Department of Chemistry CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS (QUICKTIME) - Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Chemical and Life Sciences, University of Maryland Multimedia Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of Chemistry Laboraory Video Demonstrations include "...Ions in Solution Video Demonstration; Double Displacement Reactions Video Demonstration; Limiting Reagent in Synthesis RXN Video Demonstration; Oxidation/Reduction RXNS Video Demonstration; Calorimetry Video Demonstration; etc..." For more information see Courses or the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry CHEMISTRY 20 LABS (REAL PLAYER) - NorQuest College, Edmonton, Alberta,Canada Multimedia Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "15" Chemistry Laboraory Video Demonstrations include: "...Boyle's Law Video Demonstration; Classification of Compounds Video Demonstration; Preparation of a Standard Solution Video Demonstration; Quantitative Relationships in Chemical Reactions Video Demonstration; Solubility of Sodium Chloride Video Demonstration; etc..." For more information see Online Learning CHEMISTRY 32 LABORATORY INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS (QUICKTIME) - W.M. Cleaver, Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Science, University of Vermont Multimedia Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "10" Chemistry Laboraory Video Demonstrations (File Sizes: 20-100 MB) include: "...Molecular Mass from Freezing Point Depression Video Demonstration; Iodination of Cyclohexanone Video Demonstration; Acid Neutralization of Antiacids Video Demonstration; Thermodynamics of Borax Video Demonstration; Oxidation of Bleaches Video Demonstration; Electrolysis and Electroplating Video Demonstration; etc..." For more information see Chem 32A/B; Chemistry Courses or the Department of Chemistry CHEMISTRY 120 LABORATORY VIDEO INSTRUCTION (REAL PLAYER) - Department of Chemistry, Southern Connecticut State University Multimedia Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "15" Chemistry 120 Laboraory Video Demonstrations include "...Determining Density of an Unknown Liquid Video Demonstration; Stoichiometric Reactions with Phosphoric Acid Video Demonstration; Metathesis Reactions and Net Ionic Equations Video Demonstration; Energy Transfer and Calorimetry Video Demonstration; etc..." For more information see Chemistry Video Instruction or the Department of Chemistry CHEMISTRY 121 LABORATORY VIDEO INSTRUCTION (REAL PLAYER) - Department of Chemistry, Southern Connecticut State University Multimedia Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "12" Chemistry 121 Laboraory Video Demonstrations include "...Colorimetric Determination of Iron Video Demonstration; Colligative Properties: Freezing-Point Depression and Molar Mass Video Demonstration; Introduction to Qualitative Analysis Video Demonstration; Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of Buffer Solutions Video Demonstration; etc..." For more information see Chemistry Video Instruction or the Department of Chemistry KELTER'S CHEMISTRY DEMONSTRATIONS (WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - P. Kelter, Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "20" Chemistry Laboraory Video Demonstrations include: "...Stoichiometry: Exploding Pringles Can Video Demonstration; Stoichiometry: Ammonium Dichromate Volcano Video Demonstration; Stoichiometry: Talesnick's Production of HCl Video Demonstration; Reactivity: Sodium and Potassium in Water Video Demonstration; Thermodynamics: Tesla Coil Explosion Video Demonstration; Thermodynamics: Magnesium and Dry Ice Video Demonstration; Entropy and Free Energy: Chemical Cold Pack Video Demonstration; Entropy and Free Energy: Thermite Video Demonstration; etc..." For more information see the Chemistry Learning Center or the Department of Chemistry VIRTUAL CHEMISTRY (FLASH & QUICKTIME) - Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, U.K. Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Chemistry Lecture Demonstrations & Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments Subject Categories include: LiveChem "...An online video library of transition metal salt reaction. Nearly 300 videos for students to watch and learn from. Fully interactive Flash environment, etc..." Interactive Organic Mechanisms Video Demonstrations "...helps chemistry students get to grips with drawing curly arrows as a form of mechanism representation, and give practice in the form of simple example mechanisms..." Metal Ions in Solution Video Demonstrations "...The aim of this experiment is to teach you something of the aqueous chemistry of common metal ions belonging..." Named Organic Mechanism Video Demonstrations "...An interactive arrow pushing website which allows students to do some named organic reactions step by step, etc..." Nickel(II) Complexes Video Demonstrations; Simple Inorganic Solids Video Demonstrations; VSEPR Video Demonstrations; Symmetry Video Demonstrations; etc..." For more information see the Department of Chemistry

Laboratory Experiments with Text, Images & Videos/Movies DELIGHTS OF CHEMISTRY: CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS (QUICKTIME) - M. Hoyland, V. Volkovich & D. Ormsby, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, U.K. Multimedia Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments include: Examples from over "40" Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations with explinations include "...Making Fire Video Demonstration; Flammable Vapour Video Demonstration; Flammable Solid Video Demonstration; Smoke Video Demonstration (decomposition reaction); Hydrogen Peroxide Video Demonstration; Dihydrogen Gas Video Demonstration; Thermite Reaction Video Demonstration; etc..." Examples from over "25" Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations without explinations include "...Gun Cotton Video Demonstration; Lime Light Video Demonstration; Liquid Nitrogen Video Demonstration; Liquid Nitrogen Blowing up Balloons Video Demonstration; Liquid Oxygen Video Demonstration; Flammable Solid Video Demonstration; Silane Gas Video Demonstration; etc..." For more information see the School of Chemistry CHEMISTRY INTERACTIVE ANIMATIONS (SHOCKWAVE & QUICKTIME) - D.W. Brooks, Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education, College of Education & Human Sciences, University of Nebraska Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations Subject Categories include: "...Acid-Base Video Demonstrations; Atomic Orbitals Video Demonstrations; Atomic Structure Video Demonstrations; Attractive Forces Video Demonstrations; Electrochemistry Video Demonstrations; Molecular Structures Video Demonstrations; Solid State Video Demonstrations; etc..." For more information see David W. Brooks' Home Page or Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education CHEMISTRY: LABORATORY MANUALS (QUICKTIME) - Robert Lancashire, Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules include: "...Inorganic Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Teaching Modules; Organic Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Teaching Modules; Physical Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Teaching Modules; Applied & Food Chemistry Video Demonstrations & Teaching Modules; etc..." For more information see Courses; Department of Chemistry or the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica GENERAL CHEMISTRY DEMONSTRATIONS & EXPERIMENTS (FLASH) - T.J. Greenbowe, Chemical Education Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Multimedia Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Subject Categories include Electrochemistry Video Demonastrations; Gas Laws Video Demonastrations; Thermochemistry Video Demonastrations; General Equilibria Video Demonastrations; Solutions Video Demonastrations; Acid -Base Equilibria Video Demonastrations; Stoichiometry Video Demonastrations & Kinetics Video Demonastrations; etc..." For more informations see Research; Thomas J. Greenbowe's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry TUTORIALS AND SIMULATIONS FOR CHEMISTRY (FLASH) - G.L. Bertrand, Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments, Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Calculators, Applets & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments include: "...Density and Buoyancy Video Demonstration; Weighing Gases Video Demonstration; Gas Laws Video Demonstration; Qualitative Analysis Video Demonstration; Nuclear Decay and Neutron Activation Analysis Video Demonstration; Conductivity of Ionic Solutions Video Demonstration; Drop Calorimeter Video Demonstration; Spectrophotometry Video Demonstration; Thermodynamics of Batteries Video Demonstration; Electrochemical Cells Video Demonstration; Dissolution Processes Video Demonstration; etc..." For more information see Gary L. Bertrand's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry

Chemistry Laboratory Course with Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Applets CHEMLAB: THE CHEMISTRY 3/5 & 6 LABORATORIES - Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Course (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Applets). CHEMLAB "...the laboratory portion of general chemistry is not designed to torture students. The laboratory is designed to support and illustrate chemical concepts studied..." Each Chemistry Experiment includes "...Overview, Background, Questions, Problems, Safety, Procedure - Step by Step & Write-up..." For more information see the Department of Chemistry Examples of CHEMLAB Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations include: Glassware, Instruments & Techniques Demonstrations Glassware Demonstrations include: "...Burets; Flasks, Beakers, & Graduated Cylinders; Pipets; Repipets; etc..." Instrument Demonstrations include: "...Analytical Balance; pH Meter; Spectrometer; etc..." Technique Demonstrations include: "...Calorimetry; Centrifugation; Quantitative Transfer; Titration; etc..." Chem 3/5 Experiments Chemistry 3/5 Experiments include: "...Qualitative Analysis of Anions; Qualitative Analysis of Cations; Natural Salt Solutions 1: Ion Exchange; Natural Salt Solutions 2: Analysis of Seawater; etc..." Chem 6 Experiments Chemistry 6 Experiments include: "...Chemical Kinetics; Spectrum of the Hydrogen Atom; Coordination Chemistry: Colorimetric and Gravimetric Analysis; Coordination Chemistry: Kinetics Measurements; etc..." Computer Chip Thermochemistry Demonstration COMPUTER CHIP THERMOCHEMISTRY: HOW CAN WE CREATE AN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FROM SAND? (QUICKTIME & JAVA APPLETS) - M.A. Teichert, A.M. Stacy, A.C. Rico, S.E. Kegley, J.G. Loeser, M. Molinaro, S.E. Walden. C. Estrada and T. Horie, S. Whitmore; Beloit College and the Regents of the University of California Multimedia Chemistry Video Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Wiley Chem Connections or Beloit College Examples of Computer Chip Thermochemistry Video Demonstrations include Exploration 1C: How are integrated circuits built - Using Photolithography Video Demonstration Exploration 1C: How are integrated circuits built - Making a Capacitor Video Demonstration Exploration 1C: How are integrated circuits built - Making a Transitor Video Demonstration Glassblowing Courses & Teaching Modules with Demonstrations SCIENTIFIC GLASSBLOWING BASICS - J. Walas, East Carolina University Glassblowing Services, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina Multimedia Glassblowing Course (Text, Images & Demonstrations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSVE. Scientific Glassblowing Basics Course "...The intent of this basic course of instruction is not to make you an accomplished professional glassblower. It is designed to give you experience in performing a series of basic glassblowing seals that can be used in the fabrication and repair of simple to complex glass apparatus and glass systems..." Examples of Glassblowing Subject Categories include: "...Equipment, Material, Tools and Terminology; Glassblowers Bench; Oxygen and Fuel Gas Systems; Burners and Torches; Cutting Glass; Fire Polishing Annealing; Butt Seals; Bends; Repairs; Ring Seals; Vacuum Seals; etc..." For more information see East Carolina University Glassblowing Services GLASSBLOWING DATA & TABLES - J. Walas, East Carolina University Glassblowing Services, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina Multimedia Glassblowing Data & Tables (Text & Images). Examples of Glassblowing Data & Tables Subject Categories include "...Ceramic to Borosilicate; Cylindrical Volumes; Glass to Metal; Glass Frit; Physical Properties; Quartz to Tungsten; etc..." For more information see East Carolina University Glassblowing Services THE GLASSWARE GALLERY - R. Toreki, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, and hosted by Interactive Learning Paradigms Incorporated (ILPI) Multimedia Glassware Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Demonstrations). VERY VERY EXTENSVE. Glassware Gallery "...In the Glassware Gallery you will find drawings and descriptions of the glassware and equipment that you might encounter in a synthetic Inorganic (or Organic) laboratory..." Glassware Subject Categories include: "...Ball Mills; Bubblers; Cannulas; Fritted Funnels; Schlenk Flasks; Furnaces (tube and box); Gas Regulators; Glove Boxes; Heating Sources; Joints; Mortars and Pestles; etc..." For more information see Chemistry 450G Home Page; Chemistry Course Listings or the Department of Chemistry GLASSBLOWING PHOTOS & VIDEOS (QUICKTIME) - Glassblower Multimedia Glassblowing Teaching Modules Videos (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Glassblowing Photos & Videos includes Over "100" Videos on Glassblowing Techniques; Photographic Glossary of the Glassblower "... Air Hose; Annealer; Batch; Bench; Bench Rollers; Blocks; Blowpipe; Diamond Marver; Diamond Shears; Dichroic; Ferritti; Frax; etc..." Glassblowing Tools; etc. For more information see Glassblower

Chemical Calculation Uncertainties UNCERTAINTY CALCULATORS & APPLETS UNCERTAINTY CALCULATOR - T. W. Shattuck, Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, Maine VERY EXTENSIVE. Uncertainty Calculator "...does propagation of errors calculations for any equation..." For more information see Physical Chemistry or the Department of Chemistry UNCERTAINTY CALCULATOR (UNCERTAINTIES IN CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS) - G.L. Bertrand, Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology VERY EXTENSIVE. "...In making quantitative scientific observations, there is always a limit to our ability to assign a number to the observation, so there is always an uncertainty associated with any measured quantity..." For more information see Gary L. Bertrand's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry

Chemical Ecology of Insects CHEMICAL ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS: JAVA APPLETS - J.A. Byers, Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Center, USDA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Also available is Free Scientific Sofware Developed by Byers including "...Spatial Distribution and Territoriality Software; Biology, Taxonomy and Systematics Software; Simulation of Animal Behavior/Chemical Ecology Software including Insects Searching for Mates; Trapping of Insects; Bark Beetle Dispersal in Forests; Predicting Mean Dispersal Distance of Population; etc. For more information see Chemical Ecology of Insects; John A. Byers Home Page or the Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit Some examples from over "30" Chemical Ecology of Insects Calculators & Applets include Effective Attraction Radius (EAR) Calculator & Simulation Effective Attraction Radius Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number minutes trapping; Number caught on passive trap; Number caught on pheromone trap; Radius of passive trap; Estimated trap interception percentage of all flight levels; Estimated average insect speed..." Tomicus Mate Finding Calculator Tomicus Mate Finding Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Minutes; Turn Angle; Number of Insect Pairs; Female Radius; etc..." Statistics: Polynomial Regression Analysis (Outliers) Calculator CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND SIMULATION CALCULATORS - J.A. Byers, Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Center, USDA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Chemical Ecology of Insects; John A. Byers Home Page or the Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit Some examples from over "16" Experimental Design and Sampling Calculators include Simple Treatment/Position Randomization with No Repeats between Replicates Simple Treatment/Position Randomization Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Treatments; Number of Replications..." Randomized Uniform Sampling of Time or Distance Randomized Uniform Sampling of Time or Distance Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select Time Samples or Distance Samples; Total Time or Distance Units; Sample Length in Units; etc..." Host plant finding by N searchers Host plant finding by N searchers Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number animals..." THE PHEROLIST: LIST OF SEX PEROMONES OF LEPIDOPTERA AND RELATED ATTRACTANTS - The Pherolist Multimedia Database & Teaching Modules (Text & Images). "...A database of chemical components identified in sex glands of female Lepidoptera insects and other chemicals attractive to male moths. Data are arranged in phylogenetic order and can be accessed via families, genera, species, common names and chemicals..." Chemical Engineering CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SEE CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATORS CENTER

Chemical & Biochemical Solutions - Virtual Laboratories CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BIOCHEMICAL SOLUTIONS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS VIRTUAL LABORATORIES CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PROTOCOLS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PROTOCOLS - CALCULATORS - A. Soldatov, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian ELectronic Academic & Research Network Association (RAS), Moscow, Russia & the Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Genetik, Berlin, Germany VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in English German/Deutsch, Russian & Ukrainian. Molecular Biology Calculators Subject Categories include: "...Salt Solution Calculators; Laboratory Buffer Calculators; Single Component Solution Calculators; Compound Solution Calculators; Antibiotic Solution Calculators; etc..." For more information see Practical Molecular Biology Some examples from over "100" Molecular Biology Protocols Calculators Antibiotic Solution Calculators Antibiotic Solution Calculators include: "...Working Concentrations and Stock Solutions Calculator; Preparation of Stock Solutions for Ampicillin Calculator; Preparation of Stock Solutions for Carbenicillin Calculator; Preparation of Stock Solutions for Chloramphenicol Calculator; etc.." Single Component Solutions Calculators Single Component Solutions Calculators include: "...Organic Substances Calculators include: ATP Calculator; Betaine Calculator; EDTA Calculator; EtBr Calculator; Gelatin Calculator; HEPES Calculator; PEGV; Sucrose Calculator; etc. Acids and Alkalis Calculators; Detergents Calculator; Organic Solvents Calculators; etc..." Compound Solutions Calculators Compound Solutions Calculators include: "...Electrophoresis Buffer Calculator; Loading Buffer Calculator; Bacteriophage Lambda Buffer Calculator; Denaturation Buffer Calculator; Neutraliszation Buffer Calculator; Plasmid Solution Calculator; Oligonucleotide Gel Staining Mix Calculator; etc..." Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nucleic Acids Concentrations Calculator Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nucleic Acids Concentrations Calculator "...calculates the concentration of nucleic acids according to their optical density: DNA, RNA, Oligonucleotides,..." Estimation of Time for Bacteria Growth Calculator Estimation of Time for Bacteria Growth Calculator: "...This is important for the preparation of chemical- or electro-competent cells and protein expression. The program may be used also for other organisms in the logarithmic stage of growth..." PCR Optimization Calculator PCR Optimization Calculator "...helps to evaluate the quantity of primers and nucleotides for optimal PCR reaction and the necessary number of cycles..." Radioactivity to Biological Amount of dNTPs Calculator Radioactivity to Biological Amount of dNTPs Calculator calculates the "...weight of particular amount of radioactive dNTPs..." VIRTUAL LABORATORY (JAVA APPLET) - The Chemistry Collective & the Department of Chemistry, Carneigie Mellon University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Virtual Lab Simulation "...allows students to select from hundreds of standard reagents and manipulate them in a manner that resembles that of a real lab. It allows students to design and perform diverse experiments in acid-base chemistry, thermochemistry, solubility, and redox chemistry..." For more information see Applets; The Chemistry Collective or the Department of Chemistry

Chemputers INTERACTIVE CALCULATORS & APPLETS FOR CHEMISTRY CHEMPUTERS: CALCULATOR - Mark J. Winter, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Chemputers is "...a set of simple interactive calculators for chemistry..." For more information see WebElements; The Sheffield Chemdex; Department of Chemistry or the University of Sheffield Examples of Chemistry Calculators include Isotope Patterns Calculator Electron Accountancy for Metal Complexes Calculator Element Percentages Calculator Metal Oxidation Calculator Reaction Yield Calculator VSEPR Calculator MLXZ classification of an atom in a compound Calculator Chromatography CHROMATOGRAPHY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS CALCULATORS & APPLETS CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS (JAVA APPLET) - C.E. Efstathiou, Department of Chemistry, Uniiveristy of Athens, Greece In English or Greek. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Chromatographic Separations Calculator "...demonstrates the chromatographic separation of five components (A, B, C, D, and E)... There are default sets of distribution ratios, and of relative response factors as well. There is also a default number of theoretical plates..." For more information see Educational Applets; Constantinos E. Efstathiou's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY: EXPERT CENTER (SHOCKWAVE) - Restek Corporation VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Gas Chromatography Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Calculators). Gas Chromatography Teaching Modules include: " "...Troubleshooting; GC Retention Time Indexes; GC Column Selection & Capillary Column Installation..." For more information see Restek Corporation Some examples of Gas Chromatography Animations include Direct Injection Animation Split Injection Animation HPLC 6-Port Valve Animation BACKFLASH CALCULATOR FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY - Restek Corporation VERY EXTENSIVE. "...Are you injecting too much?" Backflash Calculator for Gas Chromatography INPUT Values include: Solvent "...Methanol; Water; Ethanol; Carbon Disulfide; Methylene Chloride; Acetone; DMSO; Hexane; Pentane; Isooctane; Toluene; other..." Conditions "...Injection Port Temperature; Head Pressure Injection Volume..." Liner Specifications, etc..." For more information see Online Calculators for Chromatographic Optimization or Restek Corporation Examples of other Gas Chromatography Calculators include Typical GC Column Characteristics Pressure Calculator

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY CALCULATORS & APPLETS HPLC COURSES WITH CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC) - Authors: Y. Kazakevich & H.M. McNair, and hosted by the Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, Seton Hall University Multimedia High Performance Liquid Chromatography Course (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Applets). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is "...one mode of chromatography, the most widely used analytical technique. Chromatographic processes can be defined as separation techniques involving mass-transfer between stationary and mobile phases..." High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Chapters include: "...Introdution to High Performance Liquid Chromatography; Instrumentation; Detectors; High Performance Liquid Chromatography Theory; Adsorbents; Column Selection; Reversed Phase; pH Effect; Normal Phase; GPC (SEC); etc..." For more information see Analytical Chemistry or the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry HPLC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, SIMULATIONS & SPREADSHEETS (XLS) HPLC SIMULATOR I - Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, Maine VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. HPLC Simulation "...uses a purely equilibrium model for chromatography to simulate the separation of two compounds. Equilibrium Constants and Partition coefficients can be set up for all complexes..." HPLC Calculator INPUT Values include: Column "...Diameter; Length; Packing Fraction; Concentration of Stationary Phase Sites..." Eluant "...Concentration of M; Flow Rate; Run Time..." Injection "...Volume; Sample A, B & M..." Partition Coefficients; Equilibrium Constants; etc. For more information see NMR Spectroscopy (CH255J); Chemistry Courses or the Department of Chemistry HPLC TUBING VOLUME CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HPLC TUBING VOLUME CALCULATOR - IonSource HPLC Tubing Volume Calculator INPUT Values include: "...ID of Tube & Length of Tube..." For more information see IonSource ION EXCHANGE CHROMOTOGRAPHY CALCULATORS & APPLETS ION EXCHANGE CHROMOTOGRAPHY (JAVA APPLET) - P.A. Craig, Department of Chemistry, Rochester Institute of Technology For more information see Ion Exchange Simulation; Ion Exchange Chromatography or Paul A. Craig's Home Page

Coal COAL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHEMICAL STRUCTURE CALCULATORS & APPLETS 13C NMR PARAMETER CALCULATOR - T.H. Fletcher & D. Genetti, Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University 13C NMR Parameter Calculator "...estimates four measurements of the chemical structure of coal (13C NMR) based on the coal's elemental composition and ASTM volatile matter content..." For more information see Thomas H. Fletcher's Home Page or the Department of Chemical Engineering COAL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COAL - MOISTURE %, ASH %, FIXED CARBON %, SPECIFIC ENERGY, ETC.. COAL CALCULATOR - B. Jonker, Coalportal.com VERY EXTENSIVE. Coal Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Give Bases 'As Received' & 'Desired Basis'; Inherent Moisture Percentage; Ash Percentage; Specific Percentage; Total Moisture Percentage; Fixed Carbon Percentage; etc..." For more information see Coalportal.com - The Interactive World of Coal COAL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ASH DEPOSITION INDICES CALCULATORS & APPLETS COAL CALCULATOR: CALCULATE ASH DEPOSITION INDICES - Ultra-Systems Technology, Australia VERY EXTENSIVE. Coal Calculator for Ash Analysis "...allows you to calculate a number of ash deposition indices from a coal ash analysis..." Coal Calculator for Ash Analysis INPUT Values include: "...Silica Percentage; Alumina Percentage; Iron Percentage; Calcium Percentage; Magnesium Percentage; Sodium Percentage; Potassium Percentage; etc..." For more information see Ultra-Systems Technology

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