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US/Pacific: Saturday, November 7, 2009 Sydney, Australia: Sunday, November 8, 2009 File Download Time Calculator Author, E-Mail, Privacy Policy & Disclaimer Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains over "23,785" Calculators & Spreadsheets, over "3,710" Courses, Lectures, Manuals, Handbooks, & "1,000's" of Movies, Videos, Simulations & Animations

GEOSCIENCE (Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc.) Geoscience Journals Geology Time Scales, Chronological Methods & Geochronology Geology, Physical Geology, Structural Geology, Petrology, Sedimentary Geology, Stratigraphy, Geodynamics, Marine Geology, Coastal Geology, etc. Ecology, Ecosystems, Population Ecology, Population Genetics Fresh Water Fish Habitats ~ Geography & Topography ~ Geomagnetic Geochemistry ~ Geophysics Geomorphology, Fluvial Geomorphology, Tectonic Geomorphology Geothermics, Geothermobarometry, Mineral Thermobarometry Glaciology, Glacial Geology, Quaternary Geology, Ice, Snow, Glaciers, Icebergs Landslides ~ Magnetics ~ Mineralogy ~ Morphodynamics Marine Biology ~ Oceanography & Marine Geochemistry Plate Tectonics ~ Seismology ~ Tephrochronology ~ Tsunami ~ Volcanology Water Pollution ~ Water Quality ~ Watershed & Water Runoff Chemistry Center Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Archaeology, Anthropology, Palaeoichnology, Paleobotany, Paleoclimatology, Paleoceanography, Paleontology (Fossils, Dinosaurs, etc.) Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Atmospheric Chemistry Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Climatology, Meteorology, Weather Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Crystallography Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Geotechnical Eng. & Geo-Engineering Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Hydrology, Hydaulics, Geohydrology, Reservoir Engineering Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Petroleum & Geosystems Engineering Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Soil Science, Soil Chemistry, Soil Biology Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Water Chemistry, Water Drainage, Erosion, ET & pET, Ground Water, Water Runoff, Watershed, etc. Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Chemicals, Biochemicals, Geochemicals Databases Calculators On-Line Center

Geoscience Journals JOURNALS Geochemistry Journals & Geophysics Journals GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS (G3) - Published jointly by the American Geophysical Union & the Geochemical Society Multimedia Geochemistry & Geophysics Journal (Text & Images). For more information see American Geophysical Union or the Geochemical Society Geology Journals GEOLOGY - The Geological Society of America Multimedia Geology Journals (Text & Images). For more information see Geological Society of America Publications or The Geological Society of America JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY - The Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) and published by The University of Chicago Press Multimedia Geology Journal (Text & Images). For more information see The University of Chicago Press or the The Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) Geological Materials Journals GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH - Mineralogical Society of America Multimedia Geological Materials Journal (Text & Images). For more information see the Mineralogical Society of America Geophysical Journals & Geophysics Journals AGU ONLINE JOURNALS - American Geophysical Union (AGU) Multimedia Geophysical Journals (Text & Images). For more information see American Geophysical Union (AGU) Examples include Geophysical Research Letters Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Electronic Supplement ASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS - Royal Astronomical Society; Published by Blackwell Science and Munksgaard Multimedia Astronomy & Geophysics Journal (Text & Images). For more information see Royal Astronomical Society EARTH INTERACTIONS - Published jointly by the American Geophysical Union, Association of American Geographers, American Meteorological Society, NASA's Mission to Planet Earth and Goddard DAAC For more information see American Geophysical Union; Association of American Geographers or the American Meteorological Society Oceanography, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Journals AMS JOURNALS ONLINE - American Meteorological Society Multimedia Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Journals (Text & Images). AMS Journals include: "...Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; Journal of Applied Meteorology; Journal of Physical Oceanography; Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Weather and Forecasting; Journal of Climate; Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society..." For more information see Publications or the American Meteorological Society Mineralogy Journals AMERICAN MINERALOGIST - Mineralogical Society of America Multimedia Mineralogy Journal (Text & Images). For more information see the Mineralogical Society of America Petrology Journals JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY - Oxford University Press Multimedia Petrology Journal (Text & Images). For more information see Oxford Journals Radiocarbon Journals RADIOCARBON - Publisher: Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona Multimedia Radiocarbon Journal (Text & Images). Water Journals WATER-RESOURCES CIRCULARS, REPORTS, ETC. - USGS For more information see Water Resources of the United States

Geology Time Scales,

Chronological Methods & Geochronology

Geologic Time Scales ~ Geochronology Methods Chronological Methods Courses, Lectures, etc. By Dating Method Amino Acid Geochronology Archaeomagnetic Dating ~ Atom Trap Trace Analysis ~ Dendrochronology Geomagetic Polarity Time Scale Dating ~ Luminescence Dating Oxygen Isotope Analysis ~ Radiocarbon Dating ~ Rehydroxlation Dating

Geology Time Scales, Chronological Methods & Geochronology GEOLOGIC TIME SCALES GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE - International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) Multimedia Geologic Time Scale (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geologic Time "...This multi-year project summarized the history and status of boundary definitions of all geologic stages, compiled integrated stratigraphy (biologic, chemical, sea-level, magnetic, etc.) for each period, and assembled a numerical age scale from an array of astronomical tuning and radiometric ages..." For more information see the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE (544 MILLION YEARS AGO TO PRESENT) - Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Geologic Time Scale Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geologic Time Scale "...Ages and names used here are based on U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3015, "Divisions of Geologic Time - Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units", March 2007, ages have been rounded, see publication for precise timeframe. The Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic Eras are part of the Phanerozoic Eon, a column not depicted in this table..." For more information see Glossary of Hazards, Features, Phenomena, Processes, Events, Topics, & Terminology or the Cascades Volcano Observatory GEOLOGICAL TIME MACHINE (544 MILLION YEARS AGO TO PRESENT) - University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Geologic Time Scale Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the University of California Museum of Paleontology or Museum Informatics Projects GEOCHRONOLOGY METHODS COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. GEOCHRONOLOGY - Central Division, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Geochronology Lessons, Publications, Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geochronology Dating Techniques "...A wide variety of geochronological tools or methods can be employed to estimate quantitative and qualitative dating of rocks and sediments. Techniques exist to date all geological materials, from billions of years to historical records. U-series dating is the most reliable method for dating Quaternary (the last 2 million years) sedimentary carbonate, silica, and fossil material. Quaternary dating provides a record of climate change and..." Examples of "Geochronology" Dating Techniques include "...U-Th-Pb System Dating Technique; Rb-Sr System Dating Technique; Sm-Nd System Dating Technique; Lu-Hf System Dating Technique; Argon 40/39 Dating Technique; Tephrochronology Dating Technique; Pb 210 Dating Technique; Fission Tracks Dating Technique; Carbon 14 Dating Technique; Thermoluminescence Dating Technique; 3He/4He Dating Technique; He/Ne Dating Technique; Berlyllium 10 Dating Technique; etc..." For more information see Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Tracer Studies; Scientific Capabilities or the Central Division, USGS Examples of Geochronology Dating Techniques include U-Pb System Dating Technique Fission Tracks Dating Technique Thermoluminescence Dating Technique CHRONOLOGICAL METHODS COURSES, LECTURES, LESSONS, ETC. CHRONOLOGICAL METHODS (QUICKTIME) - G.H. Michaels & B.M. Fagan, ArchServe, University of California at Santa Barbara Multimedia Chronological Methods Course (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Chronological Methods "...is designed to introduce you to basic techniques used in determining the age of archaeological materials and sites. There are two general categories of methods for dating in archaeology. One is Relative Dating, and the other is Absolute Dating. In general, archaeologists use both methods in conjunction..." For more information see Anthropology 3 or ArchServe Examples of "Chronological Methods" Course Video Lessons include Cross-Dating Potassium-Argon Dating Radiocarbon Dating Obsidian Hydration Dating THE RECORD OF TIME: CHRONOMETRIC DATING TECHNIQUES - D. O'Neil, Anthropology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Palomar College Multimedia Chronometric Dating Techniques Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Chronometric Dating Techniques" Lessons include "...Dendrochronology; Amino Acid Racemization Dating; Paleomagnetic Dating Paleomagnetic Dating; Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale Dating; Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale Dating; Archaeomagnetic Dating. Radiocarbon Dating; Potassium-Argon Dating; Fission Track Dating; Thermoluminescence Dating; Electron Spin Resonance Dating; etc..." For more information see Anthropology Tutorials or the Anthropology Home Page DATING TECHNIQUES - MSU EMuseum, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota Multimedia Dating Techniques Lessons (Text, Images & Applets). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geological Dating Techniques" Lessons include Relative Dating Techniques "...Cation Ratio; Cultural Affiliation; Fluorine Dating; Obsidian Hydration; Patination; Pollen Analysis, etc..." Absolute Dating Techniques "...Archaeomagnetic; Dendrochronology; Electron Spin Resonance; Fission Track; Optically Stimulated Luminescence, etc..." For more information see Archaeology Exhibits or the MSU EMuseum

AMINO ACID GEOCHRONOLOGY AMINO ACID GEOCHRONOLOGY (AMINO ACID RACEMIZATION) - Amino Acid Geochronology Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Multimedia Amino Acid Geochronology Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Amino Acid Geochronology "...is a relative, and sometimes absolute, dating method that relates the diagenesis of fossil protein preserved in carbonate materials with time (geologic age of the sample) and temperature (long term chemical temperature of the enclosing sediment). Stratigraphic applications of the method have been demonstrated from both marine and non-marine sequences all over the world using a variety of carbonate fossil materials including..." For more information see the Amino Acid Geochronology Laboratory ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATING ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATING - Illinois State Museum Multimedia Archaeomagnetic Dating Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Archaeomagnetism "...refers to the application of paleomagnetic methods and theory to archaeological problems. Usually, the term refers to archaeomagnetic dating..." Examples of "Archaeomagnetic Dating" Lessons include "...Archaeomagnetic Dating Overview Geomagnetic Principles; Archaeomagnetic Sample Collecting; Secular Variation Curves; etc..." ATOM TRAP TRACE ANALYSIS (ATTA) ATOM TRAP TRACE ANALYSIS (ATTA) - Medium Energy Physics Group, APhysics Division, Argonne National Laboratory Multimedia Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) "...is based on techniques of laser manipulation of neutral atoms..." "...trace analyses of long-lived cosmogenic isotopes..." For more information see Medium Energy Physics Group; ANL Physics Division or the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) DENDROCHRONOLOGY CROSSDATING TREE RINGS USING SKELETON PLOTTING (JAVA APPLET) - P. Sheppard, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Crossdating Tree Rings Calculator "...teaches you the basic technique of crossdating using the "skeleton plot" method..." For more information see Crossdating Tree Rings Using Skeleton Plotting Instructions or the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME SCALE GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME SCALE (GPTS) - Schlumberger Limited Multimedia Geomagetic Polarity Time Scale Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) "...By accurate age-dating of rocks that show reversals in magnetic polarity, geologists have compiled a partial geologic time scale of the sequence and duration of reversals of the Earth's magnetic polarity..." For more information see the Oilfield Glossary; Oilfield Resources; Products & Services or Schlumberger Limited LUMINESCENCE DATING LUMINESCENCE DATING - Aberystwyth Luminescence Research Laboratory, Quaternary Research Group, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales, Aberstwyth Multimedia Luminescence Dating Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Aberystwyth Luminescence Research Laboratory; Quaternary Research Group or the Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS - Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin Multimedia Oxygen Isotope Analysis Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Oxygen Isotope Analysis "...New techniques for oxygen isotope analysis have lead to the first studies of oxygen isotope geochemistry of zircons (1,2). Zircon is shown to be highly retentive of oxygen isotope ratios, preserving the best record of igneous composition even in samples that have enjoyed high grade metamorphism or hydrothermal alteration..." For more information see the Department of Geology and Geophysics RADIOCARBON DATING Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY (AMS): PRINCIPLES OF RADIOCARBON DATING - Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Arizona VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Radiocarbon Measurements Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Radiocarbon Dating "...is well known for its use in age dating of many kinds of materials. The method is applicable to almost any carbonaceous material which formed in the last 50,000 years..." For more information see Accelerator Mass Spectrometry or the Department of Physics CALIB Radiocarbon Calibration CALIB RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION (JAVA APPLET) - M. Stuiver, P.J. Reimer & R. Reimer, CALIB 14C Calibration Program, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Ireland VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. CALIB Radiocarbon Calibration "...makes the conversion from radiocarbon age to calibrated calendar years by calculating the probability distribution of the sample's true age. Graphics and a variety of options are available through the program's menus..." Calib Radiocarbon Calibration INPUT Values include: "...Radiocarbon Age; Standard Deviation; Delta R; Uncertainty in Delta R; Sample Counter; Lab Error Multiplier; Curve Smoothing in Years; etc..." For more information see the CALIB 14C Calibration Program For "Reservoir Correction for Marine Samples" see Marine Reservoir Correction Database Marine Reservoir Correction Database "...Organisms from marine (and lacustrine environments) have been exposed to different levels of 14C than their counterparts in the atmosphere..." Radiocarbon Dating Laboratories BETA ANALYTIC RADIOCARBON DATING LABORATORY - Beta Analytic, Inc. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. REHYDROXLATION DATING DATING FIRED-CLAY CERAMICS USING LONG-TERM POWER LAW REHYDROXYLATION KINETICS - Authors: M.A. Wilson, M.A. Carter, C. Hall, W.D. Hoff, C. Ince, S.D. Savage, B. Mckay and I.M. Betts; Published: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences; July 7, 2009; 465 (2107); Published online 27 May 2009; Royal Society Publishing, U.K. Multimedia Dating fired-clay ceramics using long-term power law rehydroxylation kinetics - PDF, 10 Pages (Text & Images). For more information see Dating fired-clay ceramics using long-term power law rehydroxylation kinetics Home Page; Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences or Moira Wilson's Home Page @ the University of Manchester

Geology, Physical Geology, Structural Geology,

Petrology, Sedimentary Geology, Stratigraphy,

Geodynamics, Marine Geology, Coastal Geology, etc.

Dictionaries & Glossaries Geology Atlases & Geology Databases ~ Geology Field Trips Basic Geology Lectures & Lessons Physical Geology & Earth's Interior Courses & Lectures Structural Geology Courses, Lectures & Videos Petrology, Petrography, Carbonate Petrology, Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, etc. Courses, Lectures & Databases Sedimentary Geology Courses & Lectures Stratigraphy Courses, Lectures & Databases ~ Geodynamics Courses & Lectures Marine Geology Courses & Lectures Coastal Geology Courses & Lectures Electron Microprobe Techniques Courses & Lectures Plate Tectonics

Geology, Structural Geology & Petrology GEOLOGY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES DICTIONARY OF GEOLOGIC TERMS - J. Fausnaugh, geotech.org Multimedia Dictionary of Geologic Terms (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Geotech.org GEOLOGY GLOSSARY - Cengage Learning, Inc. Multimedia Geology Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Cengage Learning GLOSSARY OF GEOLOGIC TERMS - Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University Multimedia Glossary of Geologic Terms (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences PHYSICAL ENVIROMENT GLOSSARY - M. Ritter, Department of Geography & Geology, University of Wisconson, Steven Points, Wisconson Multimedia Physical Environment Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Michael Ritter's Home Page or the Department of Geography & Geology SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY TERMINOLOGY - USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Carolina Multimedia Sequence Stratigraphy Terminology Glossary (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see USC Sequence Stratigraphy Courses & Lectures; USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web or the Department of Geological Sciences GEOLOGY DATABASES & GEOLOGY ATLASES PERIODIC TABLE: GERM PARTITION COEFFICIENT (KD) DATABASE - KD'S OF ROCKS AND MINERALS - A. Koppers (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) & Roger Nielsen (Oregon State University), & Hosted by EarthRef.org VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GERM Partition Coefficient (Kd) Database "...contains partition coefficient data for all types of rocks and minerals and for every element. All search results are sortable and may be downloaded in the format of your choice. Both experimental and empirical data are included in this extensive compilation..." For more information see Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM); EarthRef.org or Scripps Institution of Oceanography GEOLEX: SEARCH TOOL FOR THE LITHOLOGIC AND GEOCHRONOLOGIC UNIT NAMES - National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geolex Database "...contains 16,072 entries. 75% of the unit names from the USGS Geologic Names Committee (GNC) card catalog have been entered in the database. Several thousand unit names remain to be checked and entered..." For more information see National Geologic Map Database; National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program or the Central Division, USGS NATIONAL GEOLOGIC MAP DATABASE - National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia USGS National Geologic Map Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program or the Central Division, USGS PETROLOGICAL DATABASE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR (PETDB) - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Petrological Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor "...archives and serves analytical data for whole rocks, glasses, minerals, melt inclusions, with emphasis on basalts and abyssal peridotites. PetDB contains major, trace-element, and isotope ratios for samples from mid-ocean ridge basalts, back-arc basins, young near-ridge seamounts, and old oceanic crust..." For more information see Resources or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) GEOLOGY FIELD TRIPS GEOLOGY OF WESSEX COAST, SOUTHERN ENGLAND - I. West, Department of Geology, University of Southampton, U.K. Multimedia Geology Field Trips (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geology of Wessex Coast, Southern England Databases are located at the Bottom of the Page. Examples of "Geology of Wessex Coast, Southern England" Categories include "...Barton and Highcliffe - Barton Clay & Sand (Eocene); Bournemouth Cliffs (Eocene); Bridport Area; Chesil Beach - General Introduction to the Tombolo; Osmington Mills and Corallian; Isle of Portland; etc... For more information see West's Geology Directory VITURAL AND ONLINE GEOLOGY FIELD TRIP GUIDES: U.S. & CANADA - The Walter Geology Library, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Multimedia Water Geology Field Trips (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Walter Geology Library BASIC GEOLOGY LECTURES & LESSONS Aggregate - Rock NATURAL AGGREGATE: A PRIMER - W. Langer, Mineral Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Natural Aggregate Lessons (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Natural Aggregate Resources; Research Activities or Mineral Resources Program, USGS QUARRY TOUR (QUICKTIME) - Graniterock, Watsonville, CA Multimedia Quarry Tour of Granitedrock's Operations (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Graniterock THE ROCK CYCLE - Department of Earth & Ocean Science, University of British Columbia, Canada Multimedia Rock Cycle Lessons (Text & Images). Rock Cycle "...depicts the interrelationships between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks..." For more information see EOSC 221; Courses or the Department of Earth & Ocean Science Geology of Radon RADON: THE GEOLOGY OF - J.K. Otton, L.C.S. Gundersen, and R.R. Schumann, Radon in Earth, Air and Water, United States Geological Survey Multimedia Geology of Radon Lessons (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. The Geology of Radon "...These pages present important geological information about radon; how it forms, the kinds of rocks and soils it comes from..." Examples of "Geology of Radon" Lessons include "...What is Radon?; The Geology of Radon (Uranium: The source, Radon Formation, Radon movement, etc); Radon Potential (Sources of information on radon potential, Radioactivity maps, etc.); etc..." For more information see Radon; Energy Research and News or the United States Geological Survey

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY & EARTH'S INTERIOR COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Physical Geology PHYSICAL GEOLOGY - S.A. Nelson, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Tulane Univesity Multimedia Physical Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Physical Geology" Course Lectures include "...Minerals; Igneous Rocks & Volcanoes; Weathering & Soils; Sedimentary Rocks; Metamorphic Rocks; Deformation of Rock; Mass Wasting; Streams; Groundwater; Wind Action; etc..." For more information see Stephen A. Nelson's Home Page or the Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences PHYSICAL GEOLOGY - D.W. Haywick, Department of Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama Multimedia Physical Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Physical Geology" Course Lectures include "...The Rock Cycle; Basic Mineral Chemistry; Mineral Classification; Plate Tectonics and Volcanism; Volcanic Landforms; Extrusive Igneous Rocks; Soils and Sediment; Rivers and Deltas; Lithification; Bedding and Attitude; Rock Deformation; Folds; Agents of Metamorphism; Regional Metamorphism; Retrograde Metamorphism; etc..." For more information see Teaching; Douglas W. Haywick's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences PHYSICAL GEOLOGY - R. Parker, Department of Geosciences, Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana Multimedia Physical Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Physical Geology" Course Lectures include "...Plate Tectonics 1 & 2; Minerals; Metamorphic Rocks; Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks; Volcanic Eruption; Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building; Deserts; Surface Water; Oceans and Coasts; etc..." For more information see Ron Parker's Home Page or the Department of Geosciences PHYSICAL GEOLOGY (FLASH & QUICKTIME) - D.M. Hirsch, Department of Geology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington Multimedia Physical Geology Course (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "25" "Physical Geology" Course Lectures include "...Continental Drift; Plate Tectonics; Igneous Rocks; Weathering and Soil; Sedimentary Rocks; Metamorphic Rocks; Mountain Building and Local Geology; Relative Geologic Time & Absolute Geologic Time; Mass Movement; Streams; Beaches, Glaciers; etc..." For more information see Physical Geology Course Home Page (Geology 101/211); Courses; David M. Hirsch's Home Page or the Department of Geology Some examples from over "40" Physical Geology Animations & Videos include Sea Floor Spreading Formation of an Ocean Basin Sea Floor Spreading Formation of Cross-bedding Mass Movement: Mass Movements Streams: Flooding and Levee Development WEBGEOLOGY (FLASH) - K. Kullerud, Petrology and Geochemistry, Institutt for geologi, University of Tromsø, Norway Multimedia Geology Mini Course (Text, Images & Animations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geology" Course Chapters & Subchapters include Rocks "....Megmatic Rocks; Sedimentary Rocks; Chemical Compostion; Plate Tectonics; The Rock Cycle; etc..." Clastic Sediments "...Formation of Clastic Sediments; Classification of Clastic Sediments; Diagenesis and Lithification; Types of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks; etc..." Mountain Building "...Volcanic Mountain Belts; Continent Collisions; Plate Tectonics and Orogeneses; Exhumation; Evolution of Continental Crust; Evolution of Fennosandia; The Caldedonian Orogeny; etc..." Earth's Crust "...Exploring the Interior with Seismic Waves; The Structure and Composition of Earth; The Internal Heat of the Earth; etc..." Introduction to Weathering "...Weathering Processes; Weathering Material; Controls on Weathering; etc..." For more information see Kåre Kullerud's Home Page Earth's Interior EARTH'S INTERIOR - S. Stein, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University Multimedia Earth's Interior Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Earth's Interior" Course Lectures include "...Size, mass, & density of the Earth; Seismic waves; Minerals; Composition of the crust, mantle, and core; Origin of the elements and formation of the solar system; Meteorites, formation of the planets; Thermal evolution of planets; Continental drift and paleomagnetism; Earthquakes and plate tectonics; Plate boundaries and kinematics; etc..." For more information see Seth Stein's Home Page or the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY Structural Geology Courses STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY - R.W. Allmendinger, Geophysics, Active Tectonics, & Structure Research Group, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University Multimedia Structural Geology Course - PDF (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Structural Geology" Course Lectures include Structural Geology Lectures 1-20 - PDF, 155 Pages "...Introduction, Scale & Basic Terminology; Coordinate Systems; Introduction to Deformation; Strain I, II & III; Vectors & Tensors; Deformation Mechanisms; Flow Laws & State of Stress in the Lithosphere; Joints & Veins; Faults; etc..." Structural Geology Lectures 21-37 - PDF, 123 Pages "...Faults: Dynamics & Kinematics; Faults: Mechanics of Thrust Faults; Folds: Geometry, Kinematics, Dynamics; Planar Minor Structures; Thrust Systems; Strike-Splip Fault Systems For more information see Downloads; Structural Geology Course Home Page - EAS 426; Rick Allmendinger's Home Page or the Geophysics, Active Tectonics, & Structure Research Group Examples of other Structural Geology Course Lectures include Structural Geology Movies Stereonet Visualization STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY - Stephen J. Martel, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii Multimedia Structural Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Structural Geology" Course Lectures include "...Introduction; Fractures and folds; Stress and strain; Isostasy & Cross sections ; etc..." For more information see Stephen J. Martel's Home Page; Stephen J. Martel's Department's Home Page or the Department of Geology and Geophysics Structural Geology Atlases, Databases, Courses, Lectures, Lessons, Animations, Simulations, Videos STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: IMAGES AND MOVIES OF GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES (QUICKTIME) - R.W. Schilsche & M.O. Withjack, Structural Geology & Tectonics Group, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey Multimedia Structural Geology: Images and Movies of Geologic Stuctures (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "150" "Structural Geology: Images and Movies of Geologic Stuctures" Subject Categories include "...Introduction to Structural Geology; Faults; Experimental Modeling: Extension; Folds; Strain; Experimental Modeling: Shortening & Strain; Foliations and lineations; Ductile shear zones and kinematic indicators; Joints and veins; Extensional tectonics; Salt tectonics; Experimental Modeling: Strike Slip & Strain; Strike-slip tectonics; Fold and thrust belts; Primary structures, contacts & other structures; etc..." For more information see Structural Geology & Tectonics Group or Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences ARIZONA GEOLOGY - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia Geology Atlas, Databases, Lectures & Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Arizona Geology "...contains numerous color photographs, 3D perspectives, and information about the Geology of Arizona, Landscapes of the Southwest, structural geology..." For more information see Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) Examples from over "15" "Arizona Geology" Databases, Lectures & Lessons include Structure Map 3D Gallerys Painted Canyon Geologic Scenery Images: Deposition of Layers and Erosion into a Canyon How to Observe Landscapes DIGITAL GEOLOGY OF IDAHO - Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University Multimedia Digital Geology of Idaho (Text, Images, Simulations, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Digital Geology of Idaho" Subject Categories include "...Idaho Basement Rock; Belt Supergroup; Rifting and The Passive Margin; Accreted Terranes; Thrust Belt; Geology of Northern Idaho and The Silver Valley; Basin & Range Province - Tertiary Extension; Pleistocene Glaciation; Watershed Fly-Throughs; etc..." For more information see the Department of Geosciences GEOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL PARKS - Western Region Geologic Information, USGS Multimedia Geology of the National Parks (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geology of the National Parks" Databases include "...3D Image Galleries; Standard Images; Park Stratigraphy; etc..." For more information see Geology of the National Parks INTERACTIVE 3D GEOLOGIC BLOCKS (QUICKTIME) - Stephen J. Reynolds and Debra E. Leedy, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia 3D Geology Lessons (Text, Images, Animations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Interactive 3D Geologic Blocks "...The purpose of this module is to guide you through various animations and interactive movies in order to help you learn the three-dimensional nature of geology..." For more information see Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) 3D GEOLOGIC MAPS - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia 3D Geologic Map Gallery (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. 3D Geologic Map Gallery "...contains 3D geologic maps, created by draping color geologic maps over digital topography. The site features QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) object movies where the user can spin the 3D geologic map..." For more information see Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) STRUCTURE MAP 3D GALLERY (QUICKTIME) - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Structure Map 3D Gallery "...contains 3D perspectives of geologic features on digital topography. Most images are QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) object movies, where you can spin the 3D terrain to view it from different perspectives..." For more information see Structure Map 3D Home Page; Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) THE GALLERY OF VIRTUAL TOPOGRAPHY - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia Gallery of Virtual Topography (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Gallery of Virtual Topography "...features virtual depictions of topography, including 3D perspectives and QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) movies, created from Digital Elevation Models (DEM's)..." For more information see Gallery of Virtual Topography Home Page; Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) THE GRAND STAIRCASE: THE GRAND CANYON - R. Blakey, Department of Geology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona Multimedia Geology Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Grand Staircase: The Grand Canyon include "...Geologic History, General Sections, Detailed Stratigraphic Columns and Panels, Outcrop Photos..." For more information see the Ron Blakey's Home Page or the Department of Geology

PETROLOGY, PETROGRAPHY, CARBONATE PETROLOGY, IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY, ETC. COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Petrology Courses & Lectures PETROLOGY - S.A. Nelson, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Tulane Univesity Multimedia Petrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Click on Lectures. Examples of "Petrology" Course Lectures include "... Textures and Structures of Igneous Rocks; General Classification of Igneous Rocks; The Interior of Earth and Formation of Magmas; Magmatic Differentiation; Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages; Thermodynamics and Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages; Metamorphic Reactions; etc..." For more information see Stephen A. Nelson's Home Page or the Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences Petrography Courses, Lectures & Databases SEDIMENTARY PETROGRAPHY - D.W. Haywick, Department of Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama Multimedia Sedimentary Petrography Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "28" "Sedimentary Petrography" Course Lectures include "...Grain Size Parameters; Sediment Classification; Bedform Development; Sedimentary Structures; Sedimentary Facies; Near Shore Environments; Alluvial Fans; Provenance; Sandy Fluvial Systems; Volcaniclastic Petrography; Evaporites/Tidal Flats; Skeletal Allochems; Allochems and reefs; etc..." For more information see Teaching; Douglas W. Haywick's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences PETROGRAPHY IMAGE DATABASE - John Longshore, Professor Emeritus, Department of Geology, Humboldt State University Multimedia Petrography Image Database (Text & Images). Petrography Database "...includes almost 200 photomicrographs of rocks and minerals. All photographs are of thin sections ground to .03 mm thickness, in transmitted white light. Some show the appearance of minerals in plane polarized light, but most were taken with crossed polarizers on a petrographic microscope,..." For more information see Hard Rock Geology Home Page; John Longshore's Home Page or the Department of Geology Carbonate Petrology Courses & Lectures CARBONATE PETROLOGY - USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Carolina Multimedia Carbonate Petrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Carbonate Petrology "...Introduction to carbonate petrology with discussions of classifications, facies, sequences, hydrocabon plays, photomicrographs, and exercises related to thin sections of carbonate rocks, etc..." "...provides access to photomicrographs and a series of exercises related to over 240 different thin sections of carbonate rocks. Some 1,700 images were captured, and as a result some thin sections have over ten images associated with them..." Examples of "Carbonate Petrology" Course Subject Categories include "...Classification of Carbonates; Diagenesis and Porosity of Carbonates; Diagrams that track Carbonate Diagenesis; Depostitional Setting and Geometry of Carbonate Facies; Photomicrographs and diagrams that view Carbonate Particles; Galleries of Carbonate Porosity; Evolution of Carbonate Sequences; etc..." For more information see USC Sequence Stratigraphy Courses & Lectures; USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web or the Department of Geological Sciences Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Courses & Lectures IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY (POWER POINT) - J.D. Winters, Department of Geology, Whitman College Multimedia Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "30" "Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology" Course Lectures include "...Igneous Classification; Phase Rule and Binary systems; Trace Element and Isotopes; Magma Generation; Magma Diversification; Layered Mafic Intrusions; Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts; Oceanic Intraplate Volcanism; Continental Arcs; Granitoid Rocks; Continental Alkaline Magmatism ; Introduction to Metamorphism; Metamorphic Textures; Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages; Metamorphic Reactions; Thermodynamics and Geothermobarometry; Metamorphism of Calcareous and Ultramafic Rocks; Metamorphic Fluids, Mass Transfer, and Metasomatism; etc..." For more information see John D. Winters Home Page or the Department of Geology METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY - Bradley R. Hacker, Department of Earth Sciences & the Institute for Crustal Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) Multimedia Metamorphic Petrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Metamorphic Petrology" Course Lectures include "...Introduction to Metamorphism; Physical Processes of Metamorphism; Ultramafic Rocks; Mafic Rocks; Pelitic Rocks; Diffusion; Interaction Between Metamorphism and Deformation; Metamorphism and Tectonics; etc..." For more information see Bradley R. Hacker's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor PETROLOGICAL DATABASE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR (PETDB) - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Petrological Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor "...archives and serves analytical data for whole rocks, glasses, minerals, melt inclusions, with emphasis on basalts and abyssal peridotites. PetDB contains major, trace-element, and isotope ratios for samples from mid-ocean ridge basalts, back-arc basins, young near-ridge seamounts, and old oceanic crust..." For more information see Resources or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY BEDFORM SEDIMENTOLOGY (QUICKTIME) - Authros: D.M. Rubin, C.L. Carter, G.V. Middleton, R.E. Plotnick, and hosted by the Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology, USGS Multimedia Bedform Sedimentology Technical Manual (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Bedform Sedimentology Technical Manual" Subject Categories include Bedforms and Cross-Bedding in Animations (includes Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) Table of Contents which include over "70" Animations & Movies includes "...Bedform Classes Animations & Movies; Bedform Experiments Animations & Movies; etc..." Forecasting Techniques, Underlying Physics, and Applications includes "...Techniques; Complication of Unsteady Forcing; Examples; etc..." Software available for download. For more information see the Topics or the Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY - John Southard, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Sedimentary Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Sedimentary Geology" Course Lectures include "...The Nature, Description, and Classification of Sediments; Physics of Sedimentation; Sedimentary Structures; Siliciclastic Rocks; Carbonate Sediments and Rocks; Cherts and Evaporites; Diagenesis; Paleontology; Depositional Environments; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary Basins; etc..." For more information see Sedimentary Geology Course Home Page; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences or the MIT OpenCourseWare STRATIGRAPHY SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY COURSES & DATABASES - USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Carolina Multimeida Sequence Stratigraphy Courses & Databases (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Stratigraphy "...is the study of the layered character of sedimentary rocks. Geologists use a variety of strategies to interpret the origin of these rocks and predict the extent of their lithofacies and rock character..." Examples of "Sequence Stratigraphy" Courses, Lectures, Technical Reports, etc. include "...Introduction to Sequence Stratigraphy; Sedimentary Depositional Systems; Sequence Stratigraphy Movies, Animations, & Image Gallery; Sequence Stratigraphy Terminology; Carbonates; Deepwater Systems; Depositional Analogues; etc..." For more information see USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web or the Department of Geological Sciences INTRODUCTION TO SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF DEEPWATER CLASTIC SYSTEMS COURSE - USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of South Carolina Multimeida Introduction to Sequence Stratigraphy of Deepwater Clastic Systems Courses & Databases (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to Sequence Stratigraphy of Deepwater Clastic Systems" Courses, Lectures, Technical Reports, etc. include "...Deepwater Fans & Mass Transport Debris - Depositional Settings & Source Terrains; Deepwater Clastic Systems Sediments; Deepwater Fans & Mass Transport Debris - Sedimentary Structures; Deepwater Fans & Mass Transport Debris - Architectural Configuration; etc..." For more information see USC Sequence Stratigraphy Web or the Department of Geological Sciences AN ONLINE GUIDE TO SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY - S.M. Holland, Stratigraphy Lab., Department of Geology, University of Georgia Multimedia Guide to Sequence Stratigraphy (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Guide to Sequence Stratigraphy" Subject Categories include "...Accommodation; Parasequences; Parasequence Sets and Stacking Patterns; Depositional Sequences; Surfaces; Chronostratigraphic Applications; etc..." For more information see Steven M. Holland's Home Page; UGA Stratigraphy Lab or the Department of Geology GEODYNAMICS GEODYNAMICS - David Sandwell, Satellite Geodesy, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego Multimedia Geodynamics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geodynamics" Course Lectures include "...Lithospheric Dynamics; Global Tectonic Observations; Radial Earth Structure; Marine Magnetic Anomalies; Cooling of the Oceanic Lithosphere; Isostasy and Crustal Thickness; Flexure Theory; Reference Gravity; Gravity Anomalies; etc..." For more information see David T. Sandwell's Home Page or Satellite Geodesy MARINE GEOLOGY GEOLOGY: THE OCEANS - Steve Hurst, Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Multimedia Geology: The Oceans - Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geology: The Oceans" Course Lectures include Ocean Basins: Distribution, Depths, and Sediments; Continental Drift and Sea Floor Spreading; Plate Tectonics; Seafloor; Ocean Sediments; Sea Water: Effects of Dissolved Solids and Transmission of Energy; Ocean Circulation; etc..." For more information see Geology 117: The Oceans - Home Page or the Department of Geology COASTAL GEOLOGY COASTAL GEOLOGY - C.H. Fletcher III, Coastal Geology Group, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii Multimedia Coastal Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Coastal Geology" Course Lectures include "...Isotopic Stages; Modern Sea Level Rise; Coastal Classification; Quaternary Dating Methods; Coastal Processes and Landforms; Barrier Islands; Holocene Sea Level Rise; Hawaii Reefs; Coastal Erosion; etc..." For more information see the Coastal Geology Course Home Page; C. H. (Chip) Fletcher III's Home Page; Coastal Geology Group or the Department of Geology and Geophysics ELECTRON MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES ELECTRON MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES: GEOLOGY 510 - J.H. Wittke, Electron Microprobe Laboratory, Department of Geology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona Multimedia Elecron Microprobe Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Elecron Microprobe" Course Chapters include "...Electron Interaction with Matter; X-raysl Primary Absorption & Secondary Fluorescence; Electron Column; Imaging Systems; Sample Stage & EMP Samples; Vacuum System; etc..." For more information see the Electron Microprobe Laboratory; James H. Wittke's Home Page or the Department of Geology

Ecology, Ecosystems, Population Ecology CHEMICAL ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS FOR ENTOMOLOGY (INSECTS & PESTS) DATABASES, COURSES, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE ENTOMOLOGY, MYCOLOGY, LICHENS, PROTIST CENTER CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS: JAVA APPLETS - J.A. Byers, Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Center, USDA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Also available is Free Scientific Sofware Developed by Byers including "...Spatial Distribution and Territoriality Software; Biology, Taxonomy and Systematics Software; Simulation of Animal Behavior/Chemical Ecology Software including Insects Searching for Mates; Trapping of Insects; Bark Beetle Dispersal in Forests; Predicting Mean Dispersal Distance of Population; etc. For more information see Chemical Ecology of Insects; John A. Byers Home Page or the Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit Some examples from over "30" Chemical Ecology of Insects Calculators & Applets include Effective Attraction Radius (EAR) Calculator & Simulation Effective Attraction Radius Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number minutes trapping; Number caught on passive trap; Number caught on pheromone trap; Radius of passive trap; Estimated trap interception percentage of all flight levels; Estimated average insect speed..." Tomicus Mate Finding Calculator Tomicus Mate Finding Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Minutes; Turn Angle; Number of Insect Pairs; Female Radius; etc..." Statistics: Polynomial Regression Analysis (Outliers) Calculator CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND SIMULATION CALCULATORS - J.A. Byers, Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Center, USDA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Chemical Ecology of Insects; John A. Byers Home Page or the Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit Some examples from over "16" Experimental Design and Sampling Calculators include Simple Treatment/Position Randomization with No Repeats between Replicates Simple Treatment/Position Randomization Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Treatments; Number of Replications..." Randomized Uniform Sampling of Time or Distance Randomized Uniform Sampling of Time or Distance Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select Time Samples or Distance Samples; Total Time or Distance Units; Sample Length in Units; etc..." Host plant finding by N searchers Host plant finding by N searchers Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number animals..." ECOSYSTEMS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ECOSYSTEMS & ECOLOGY (JAVA APPLETS) - G. Booth VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Ecosystems & Ecology Simulations include "...Individual-Based Ecosystem Simulators (Gecko); Lovelock's DaisyWorld & the Gaia Hypothesis; The Mathematics of Ecology; etc..." For more information see Ginger Booth's Home Page Includes over "15" Ecosystems & Ecology Calculators & Applets Ecology Simulators Ecosystem Simulators POPULATION ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS POPULATION GENETICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS POPULATION DYNAMICS MODELS (JAVA APPLET) - Kim van der Linde, Animal Ecology, Department of Biology, Leiden University, The Netherlands VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & Swedish/Svenska. Population Dynamics Model Calculators include: "...Verhulst Model Calculator; Lotka-Volterra Model Calculator; Nicholson-Bailey Model Calculator; ITER Model Calculator; etc..." For more information see Kim van der Linde's Home Page or the Department of Biology POPULATION GENETICS - K. Christensen, Department of Animal and Veterinary Basic Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Multimedia Population Genetics Course & Calculators (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Population Genetics "...efforts have been made to adjust the notes for students with a biological background, and at the same time supply a minimal set of formulas to describe the relationship between practical observations and genetic theory. In addition to the description of traits with simple Mendelian inheritance, the description of the genetics for traits (diseases) with multifactoriel aetiology has also been emphasized, here the application of correct breeding plans make it possible to significantly lower the frequency of the disease..." Examples of "Population Genetics" Course Chapters include "...Introduction, quantitative versus qualitative (Mendelian) genetics; Hardy-Weinberg law for gene frequency stability in large populations; Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; Relationship and inbreeding; Test of simple genetic hypotheses, experimental or field data; Definition of quantitative traits, breeding values and heritability; Estimation of breeding values; Inbreeding, crossing and bred structure; etc..." For more information see Knud Christensen's Home Page or the Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences or the Faculty of Life Sciences Some examples from over "12" Population Genetics Calculators include Chapter 14: Genetic Calculators, Applets and other Programs Linkage, 3-point Analyses from Test Cross Change in Gene- and Genotype Frequencies, and effect of Population Size Calculation of Corrected Segregation Ratio according to Singles Method POPULATION GENETICS - K. Holsinger, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Kent Holsinger's Home Page or the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Some examples from over "11" Population Genetics Calculator include EM Algorithm for ABO Frequencies Calculator EM Algorithm for ABO Frequencies Calculator "...Illustrates the EM algorithm for estimating allele frequencies in the ABO blood system. Users may select from a variety of sample configurations (including random allocation of phenotypes with three different sample sizes) and several different starting guesses (including random frequencies)..." Natural Selection Calculator Natural Selection Calculator "...illustrates how allele frequencies change over time in response to natural selection on diploid genotypes. Users may select from five different fitnesses (0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2) for each of the three genotypes. The number of generations is fixed at 100. Results from up to eight different iterations are..." Genetic Drift and Mutation Calculator Genetic Drift and Mutation Calculator "...illustrates the interaction between mutation and genetic drift. Users may select from three different population sizes (25, 100, 250) and several different mutation rates (none, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01). 32 populations are simulated simultaneously and the results are displayed as a frequency histogram..." XGROW ON THE WEB (JAVA APPLET) - Department of Botany & Zoology, University of Toronto, Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. XGROW Calculator "...is a computer simulation program developed by BIO150Y for students to design and conduct experiments in population growth under conditions of unrestricted growth, competition, and predation..."

Fresh Water Fish Habitats

Columbia Basin Water & Fisheries Project Erosion Fish Habitat Suitability Index ~ Fish Health ~ Fish Passage Fish Protection at Water Diversions Flow Between Two Reservoirs Free Ammonia-Nitrogen ~ Gas Saturation in Streams Hatchery Breeding ~ Lakes Long-term Water Balance Nutrient Content in Water Runoff & Stream Flow Stream Pebble Count ~ Water Density ~ Water Runoff

Fish Habitats FISH HABITAT DATABASES, COURSES, LESSONS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), ETC. HATCHERY DATABASES, COURSES, LESSONS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), ETC. WATERSHED DATABASES, COURSES, LESSONS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), ETC. STREAM FLOW DATABASES, COURSES, LESSONS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), ETC. Columbia Basin Water & Fisheries Project JAVADART - Columbia Basin Research, School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences (SAFS), University of Washington VERY VERY VERY VERY......EXTENSIVE. Columbia Columbia River DART includes "...River Environment data courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, NWD and Grant County PUD..." "...Adult Passage data courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, NWD and Chelan, Douglas, and Grant County PUDs and Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project..." "...Juvenile Passage data courtesy of Fish Passage Center..." For more information see javaDART - Java-based DART Graphics Tool; Columbia Columbia River DART (Data Access in Real Time); Columbia Basin Research or the School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences (SAFS) Some examples from over "24" DART Databases that are included in the JavaDART DART Adult Salmonid Passage Composite Report DART Smolt Index Composite Report DART Hatchery Releases DART Hourly Water Quality Composite Report Examples of related Models & Tools available include Growth of salmonids: eggs and fry Juvenile Salmon Travel Time Models Erosion WATER RUNOFF: SHORT-TERM & LONG-TERM HYDROLOGIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT (L-THIA) DETAILED INPUT - Urban Sprawl Hydrologic Impact, Schools of Engineering, Agricultural & Biological Engeering, Purdue University & the Construction Engineering Research Laboratories Division of the US Army Corps of Engineers VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Impacts of Land Use Change on Water Resources Water Runoff: Short-Term Impact Assessments Tools "...Includes four different tools: SedSpec, Rational Method, TR-55 & Database Frontend..." Water Runoff: Long-Term Impact Assessments Tools "...This tool uses the land use and a soil characteristic from the user along with thirty years of precipitation data to determine the average impact that a particular land use change or set of changes..." Water Runoff Tools INPUT Values include: By State; By County; Area in "...Acres, Hectares, Km2, Mi2..." Land Use "...Commercial; Industrial; Residential; Open Spaces; Parking/Paved Spaces; Water/Wetlands; Grass/Pasture; Agriculture; Forest; Custom Land Use..." Hydrologic Soil Groups..." For more information see Web-Based GIS and Decision Support Systems for Hydrological/Water Quality Impact Analysis or the College of Engineering Fish Health NATIONAL WILD FISH HEALTH DATABASE - Conducted as a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Division of Fish Hatcheries and Montana State University, Environmental Statistics Group; and hosted by the Environmental Statistics Group Multimedia National Wild Fish Health Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. National Wild Fish Health Database "...This program searches the Wild Fish Health Databases and maps the results based on the options that you choose..." For more information see the Limitation Confirmation; National Wild Fish Health Survey Database Web Site; Environmental Statistics Group or the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Fish Calculation: Predicts the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) FISH CALCULATOR (FISH 1) - S. Parson, Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET), Penn State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Fish Calculator "...is designed to predict the habitat suitability index (HSI) for four life stages and overall for brown trout. The HSI is used by scientists to rate how well a given body of water can support a particular fish life stage and species..." For more information see Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET) Fish Passage FISHXING (FISH CROSSING) - Stream Systems Technology Center, Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Multimedia Design Culverts for Fish Passage Sofware, Lessons, Case Studies, Technical Reports (Text, Images, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. FISHXING is "...intended to assist engineers, hydrologists, and fish biologists in the evaluation and design of culverts for fish passage...." For more information see the Stream Systems Technology Center Software; Stream Systems Technology Center Publications or Stream Systems Technology Center Fish Protection at Water Diversions FISH PROTECTION AT WATER DIVERSIONS - Water Resources Research Laboratory, Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Multimedia Fish Protection at Water Diversions Manual (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Fish Protection at Water Diversions Manual "...The purpose of this manual is to provide design guidance for fish protection at small dams and water diversion structures by providing fish exclusion alternatives. This manual is addressed to the water user community involved in assessing, recommending, and designing appropriate fish exclusion facilities at water diversion structures..." Examples of "Fish Protection at Water Diversions Manual" Chapters include "...Fish Protection; Overview of Fish Exclusion; Positive Barrier Screens; Behavioral Barriers; Post-Construction Evaluation; etc..." For more information see the Water Resources Research Laboratory Flow Between Two Reservoirs FLOW BETWEEN TWO RESERVOIRS (JAVA APPLET) - F. Hellweger, D.R. Maidment & B. Adams, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas VERY EXTENSIVE. Flow Between Two Reservoirs "...A fluid flow system between two reservoirs is presented in an applet called Visiflow, and the user has a number of options about the connection between the reservoirs..." For more information see Ferdi Hellweger - WWW Educational Tools; Ferdi Hellweger's Home Page or the Department of Civil Engineering Free Ammonia-Nitrogen FREE AMMONIA-NITROGEN CALCULATOR - J.E. Alleman, Environmental and Hydraulic Engineering Area, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University Multimedia Free Ammonia-Nitrogen Lessons, Publications, Technical Reports & Calculators (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Free ammonia (NH3-N) and ionized-ammonia (NH4+-N) "...represent two forms of reduced inorganic nitrogen which exist in equilibrium depending upon the pH and temperature of the waters in which they are found. Of the two, the free ammonia form is considerably more toxic to organisms such as fish and, therefore, we pay considerable attention to the relative concencentration of this particular contaminant. Lastly, this free ammonia is a gaseous chemical, whereas the NH4+ form of reduced nitrogen is an ionized form which remains soluble in water..." Free Ammonia-Nitrogen Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Total (NH3+NH4)-Nitrogen Concentration; pH; Temperature..." For more information see J.E. Alleman's Home Page or the School of Civil Engineering Gas Saturation in Streams GAS SATURATION CALCULATOR FOR STREAMS - H. Bührer, Switzerland VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Saturation Calculator for Streams INPUT Values include: Select one of the Gases: "...Hydrogen, Deuterium, Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, 222Rn, Oxygen, Nitrogen, N2O, NO, CO, CO2, SO2, Chlorine, Cl2O, ClO2, Ethane, Propane, Butane, H2Se, H2S, & CH4..." Input Temperature, Air Pressure or Saturation Percentatge; etc. For more information see Calculators or Heinrich Bührer's Home Page Hatchery Breeding EVOLUTION UNDER GENERAL INTEGRATED HATCHERY BREEDING SYSTEM - CALCULATOR - Environmental Statistics Group, Department of Ecology, Montana State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Evolution under General Integrated Hatchery Breeding System Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Replacement Rate from Hatchery Spawning; Replacement Rate from Wild Spawning; Rate of Mining Hatchery Origin Broodstock for Hatchery; Rate of Mining Wild Origin Broodstock for Hatchery; etc..." For more information see the Environmental Statistics Group Lakes Long-term Water Balance LAKE BUDGET ESTIMATOR - E. Holzbecher, Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany VERY EXTENSIVE. Lake Budget Calculator "...calculates one missing term in a lake's long-term water balance..." For more information see Ekkehard Holzbecher's Home Page or the Department of Ecohydrology Nutrient Content in Water Runoff & Stream Flow NUTRIENT CALCULATORS (NUTRIENT 1) - S. Parson, Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET), Penn State University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Nutrient Calculators "...use a combination of factors from the previous calculators and a new waste water factor. Dissolved nutrients are strongly tied to factors which affect runoff and stream flow..." Load Average Year Nutrient Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Land Cover; Soil Texture; Slope; Length along Slope; Groundwater Aquifer; Waste Water..." Load Dry Year Nutrient Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Land Cover; Soil Texture; Slope; Length along Slope; Groundwater Aquifer; Waste Water..." Load Wet Year Nutrient Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Land Cover; Soil Texture; Slope; Length along Slope; Groundwater Aquifer; Waste Water..." For more information see Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET) Stream Pebble Count SIZE-CLASS PEBBLE COUNT ANALYZER (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Stream Systems Technology Center, Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Size-Class Pebble Count Calculator "...helps users estimate sample size, enter field data tallied by size class, produce tables and graphs, and perform statistical analysis using contingency tables and the Pearson chi-squared statistic..." For more information see the Stream Systems Technology Center Software; Stream Systems Technology Center Publications or Stream Systems Technology Center ZIG-ZAG PEBBLE COUNT ANALYZER (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Stream Systems Technology Center, Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Zig-Zag Pebble Count Calculator "...helps users estimate sample size, enter field data measured using the zig-zag protocol, produce tables and graphs, and perform statistical analysis using contingency tables and the Pearson chi-squared statistic..." For more information see the Stream Systems Technology Center Software; Stream Systems Technology Center Publications or Stream Systems Technology Center Water Density WATER DENSITY CALCULATOR - H. Bührer, Switzerland Water Density Calculator "...Suspended particles are not included. Valid in freshwater only..." Water Density Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Conductance at Actual Temperature; Conductance at 20 Degrees; Conductance at 25 Degrees; Density; Water Depth; Density in Depth; Temperature at Maximum Density..." For more information see Calculators or Heinrich Bührer's Home Page Water Runoff RUNOFF CALCULATOR (RUNOFF 1) - S. Parson, Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET), Penn State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Runoff Calculator "...The two main things that control runoff is the land cover and the soil. Runoff and infiltration do a balancing act..." Runoff Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Amount of Rain; Land Cover (Forest, Pasture, Row Crops, etc.); Soil Infiltration Rate (Sand, Silt, Clay); Soil Moisture (Dry, Moist, Wet)..." For more information see Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET)

Geography & Topography

Geography Dictionaries & Glossaries Geography & Topography Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Geograhic Maps & Atlases World Map Atlases ~ Geo-Sparial Maps, Fly Over Maps, 3D Maps Interactive Mapping, Design Your Own Map Geographic Maps & Atlases for Individual Countries Geographic Names, Geographical Coordinates Topography Databases

Geography & Topography GEOGRAPHY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES GIS DICTIONARY (Geographical Information System) - University of Edinburgh and Association for Geographic Information, U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. GIS Dictionary "...includes definitions for 980 terms compiled from a variety of sources which either relate directly to GIS or which GIS users may come across in the course of their work. The dictionary is also supplemented by 52 diagrams...." GEOGRAPHY & TOPOGRAPHY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY - M. Pidwirny, Department of Biology and Physical Geography, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan Multimedia Fundamentals of Physical Geography Textbook (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Fundamentals of Physical Geography" Textbook Chapters include Introduction to Physical Geography; Maps, Remote Sensing, and GIS; The Science of Physical Geography; Introduction to Systems Theory; Energy and Matter; Introduction to the Atmosphere; Introduction to the Hydrosphere; etc..." For more information see the PhysicalGeography.net or Michael Pidwirny's Home Page TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS, THE BASICS (TOPO 101) - Centre for Topographic Information, Ottawa, Canada Multimedia Topographic Maps, The Basics (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Centre for Topographic Information KEY TO TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS - K.A. Lemke, Department of Geography & Geology, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisconsin Multimedia Key to Topographic Maps (Text & Images). For more information see Glacial Geology Course Home Page; Karen A. Lemke's Home Page or the Department of Geography & Geology MAP PROJECTIONS - Department of Geography, Univeristy of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado Multimedia Map Projections (Text & Images). For more information see The Geographer's Craft or the Department of Geography GEOGRAPHIC MAPS & ATLASES World Map Atlases WORLD FACTBOOK - Central Intelligence Agency VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. World Factbook includes "...Maps, Geography, People, Government, Economy, Communications, etc..." For more information see the Central Intelligence Agency WORLD MAP ATLAS - MapQuest VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the MapQuest MAP MACHINE - National Geographic VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see National Geographic MAPQUEST - MapQuest.com VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geo-Sparial Maps, Fly Over Maps, 3D Maps, etc. GLOBAL LAND COVER DATABASES - Global Land Cover Facility, University of Maryland Multimedia Global Land Cover Facility Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) "...provides earth science data and products to help everyone to better understand global environmental systems..." GOOGLE EARTH - Google Inc. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Google Earth "...Quickly zoom from space down to street level and combine imagery, 3D geography, maps, and business data to get the total picture in seconds..." SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY DATABASES - FLY-OVERS, MOVIES, 3D, ETC. - Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), JPL and is an international project spearheaded by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Multimedia Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) "...obtained elevation data on a near-global scale to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth..." SATELITE IMAGERY - Digital Globe VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Digital Globe "...The home of the world’s leading provider of high resolution commercial imagery and the only company operating a constellation of sub-meter commercial imaging satellites..." Interactive Mapping, Design Your Own Map PLANIGLOBE - M. Weinelt, S. Körsgen & R. Kantz, kk+w - digitale kartografie GmbH, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. With Planiglobe "...you may generate maps interactively at planiglobe. Zoom in and out, search for places and add your own locations to a map...These formats are vector based graphic formats which overcome resolution limitations usually found with JPEG or GIF formats. You can select and edit single objects or groups of lines, points or polygons and change graphic attributes such as size and color..." GMT-3: THE GENERIC MAPPING TOOLS - Developed and Maintained by: P. Wessel & W.H.F. Smith, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawai'i at Manoa VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) "...is an open source collection of ~60 tools for manipulating geographic and Cartesian data sets (including filtering, trend fitting, gridding, projecting, etc.) and producing Encapsulated PostScript File (EPS) illustrations ranging from simple x-y plots via contour maps to artificially illuminated surfaces and 3-D perspective views. GMT supports ~30 map projections and transformations and comes with support data such as GSHHS coastlines, rivers, and political boundaries..." For more information see Pål (Paul) Wessel's Home Page Geographic Maps & Atlases for Individual Countries AUSTRALIAN GEOGRAPHIC ATLASES & MAPS - Environment Australia, Department of the Environment & Heritage, Sydney, Australia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Department of the Environment & Heritage CANADA: THE NATIONAL ATLAS OF CANADA - Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, Natural Resources Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Natural Resources Canada U.S. INTERACTIVE MAP - Google VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. U.S. INTERACTIVE MAP - Yahoo VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GEODATA - U.S. MAPS & DATA - Geospatial One-Stop Multimedia Interactive Databases (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GEODATA "...a web-based portal for one-stop access to maps, data and other geospatial services that will simplify the ability of all levels of government and citizens to find geospatial data and learn more about geospatial projects underway..." MAPTECH: ONLINE TOPO MAPS, NAUTICAL CHARTS, AERO CHARTS & NAV PHOTOS - Maptech, Inc., Amesbury, MA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. NATIONAL ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES - National Mapping Information, U.S. Geological Survery (USGS) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see National Atlas Information or National Mapping Information ALASKA INTERACTIVE VIEWER - Elevation Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA), Geospatial Information Office (GIO), Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS), National Geospatial Program, USGS Multimedia Alaska Interactive Viewer (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Elevation Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA); Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS) or the National Geospatial Program TERRAFLY: AN INTERACTIVE "FLY-OVER" OF THE U.S. - High Performance Database Research Center (HPDRC), School of Computer Science, Florida International University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Florida International University GEOGRAPHIC NAMES, GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES, ETC. Geographic Names World Wide GETTY THESAURUS OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES ON LINE - The J. Paul Getty Trust VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Conducting Research; Research at Getty or The Getty Australia AUSTRALIA GEOGRAPHIC PLACE NAMES (GAZETEER) - Environment Australia, Department of the Environment & Heritage, Sydney, Australia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see GIS Tools; Australian Maps & Databases or Department of the Environment & Heritage U.S. GEOGRAPHIC NAMES INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GNIS) - U.S. Geological Survery (USGS), Department of the Interior VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geographic Names Information Systems (GNIS) "...Applying the latest technology, the Board on Geographic Names continues its mission. It serves the Federal Government and the public as a central authority to which name problems, name inquiries, name changes, and new name proposals can be directed. In partnership with Federal, State, and local agencies, the Board provides a conduit through which uniform geographic name usage is applied and current names data is promulgated..." For more information see the U.S. Geological Survery MAP COLLECTIONS Map Collections All Inclusive ODDENS'S BOOKMARKS: THE FASCINATING WORLD OF MAPS AND MAPPING - R. P. Oddens, Cartography Department, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Utrecht University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Map Collections GLOBAL RELIEF MAPS - Marine Geology & Geophysics Division (MGG), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Global Relief Maps "...This set of 20 slides contains 14 global views of the Earth in full color shaded relief, showing land and undersea topography..." For more information see MGG Images or the Marine Geology & Geophysics Division THE RYHINER-PROJECT - University Library of Berne, Switzerland VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Ryhiner map collection is one of the most valuable and considerable collections of the world. It consists of more than 15,000 maps, charts, plans and views from the 16th to the 18th century, covering the whole globe..." For more information see the University Library of Berne TOPOGRAPHY Topography Databases GLOBAL BATHYMETRY AND TOPOGRAPHY - Marine Geology & Geophysics, National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Mulitmedia Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Marine Geology & Geophysics

Geomagnetic GEOMAGNETIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COMPUTE VALUES OF EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Earth's Magnetic Field Values Calculators include: "...Estimated Value of Magnetic Declination Calculator; Magnetic Field Calculator (Geomagnetic Online Calculator); U.S. Historic Declination Calculator; Estimated Values of Magnetic Field Properties Calculator..." For more information see Geomagnetism or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) CORRECTED GEOMAGNETIC COORDINATES - Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. IGRF/DGRF Model Parameters and Corrected Geomagnetic Coordinates Calculator "...enables computation of a set of the main geomagnetic field model parameters and transformation from the GEOcentric spherical (geographic) coordinates to the Corrected GeoMagnetic (CGM) coordinates and vice versa..." For more information see Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) or the Goddard Space Flight Center GEOMAGNETISM REAL-TIME DATA - Geology Division, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Geomagnetism Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geomagnetism Real-Time Data "...plots for today and the previous seven days are available..." For more information see the Geology Divisions or the United States Geological Survey GEOMAGNETIC FIELD CALCULATOR - E. Williams VERY EXTENSIVE. Geomagnetic Field Calculator "...computes the earth's magnetic field based on various standard spherical harmonic fits..." For more information see Ed Williams Airport Page THE IGRF APPLET - K. Korhonen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland VERY EXTENSIVE. IGRF Applet "...contains a graphical user interface (GUI) that enables the user to select the desired parameters for map plotting and geomagnetic field calculation..." For more information see Geomagnetism; FMI/geomagnetism or the Finnish Meteorological Institute LINEAR INVERSION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LINEAR INVERSION (JAVA APPLET) - Geophysical Inversion Facility, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. Geophysical inversion "...can been described as a process used to find a distribution of a physical property that caused a set of physical measurements recorded in a field survey..." Linear Inversion Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Enter values for Kernels, Noise & Alpha; Click on either L-curve, Chifact, GCV or Beta..." For more information see Seeing the Earth's Subsurface or the Geophysical Inversion Facility MAGNETIC DECLINATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MAGNETIC DECLINATION CALCULATOR (MIRP) - L. Newitt, Canadian National Geomagnetism Program, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. The Magnetic Information Retrieval Program (MIRP) "...uses the CGRF to calculate values of magnetic declination..." For more information see Canadian National Geomagnetism Program MAGNETIC DIPOLE CALCULATORS & APPLETS MAGNETIC DIPOLE MODELLING APPLET - Geophysical Inversion Facility, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada Magnetic Dipole Modeling Applet's "...objective is to learn about the magnetic field observed at the ground's surface, caused by a small buried dipolar magnet. In geophysics, this simulates the observed anomaly over a buried susceptible sphere that is magnetized by the Earth's magnetic field..." For more information see Seeing the Earth's Subsurface or the Geophysical Inversion Facility

Geochemistry

Geochemistry Undergraduate & Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, Manuals, etc. Geochemistry Databases & Geochemical Modelling Geochemistry Calculators, Animations, Simulations, etc.

Geochemistry GEOCHEMISTRY RELATED CENTERS FOR CHEMISTRY COURSES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER GEOCHEMISTRY COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Undergraduate Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, etc. FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOCHEMISTRY - K.H. Rubin, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii Multimedia Fundamentals of Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Fundamentals of Geochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Thermodynamics and Chemical Reactions, Solubility, Mineral Solubility as Geo-Thermometer/Barometer; Weathering and Soil Formation; hydrologic cycle; Marine Chemistry and Chemical Cycles; Marine Sediments; Crust and Mantle evolution; etc..." For more information see Fundamentals of Geochemistry Home Page; Teaching; Kenneth H Rubin's Home Page or the Department of Geology and Geophysics INTRODUCTION TO GEOCHEMISTRY - Greg Druschel, Department of Geology, University of Vermont Multimedia Introduction to Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "26" "Introduction to Geochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Thermodynamics; Mineral Equilibrium; Acid-base Geochemistry; Carbonate Chemistry; Redox Geochemistry; Geomicrobiology; Chemistry of Natural Waters; Groundwater Geochemistry; Igneous Petrochemistry; Ore Geochemistry; Sorption; etc..." For more information see Courses; Greg Druschel's Home Page or the Department of Geology PRINCIPLES OF GEOCHEMISTRY - S.A. Wood, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Idaho Multimedia Principles of Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Principles of Geochemistry" Course Chapters include "...The Atmosphere and its Relationship to the Crust and the Hydrosphere; The Terrestrial Environment; Weathering; Radiogenic Isotopes and Geochronology; etc..." For more information see Principles of Geochemistry Home Page; Courses; Scott A. Wood's Home Page or the Department of Geological Sciences GEOCHEMISTRY OF NATURAL WATERS (REAL PLAYER) - S.A. Wood, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Idaho Multimedia Geochemistry of Natural Waters Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Natural Waters" Course Video Lectures include "...Mineral Weathering and Mineral Surface Processes Video Lecture; Mineral Weathering and Mineral Surface Processes Video Lecture; Redox Reactions and Processes Video Lecture; Structures, Properties, and Occurrence of Organic Compounds in Natural Waters Video Lecture; Biotransformation of Organic Compounds; etc..." For more information see Geochemistry of Natural Waters Home Page; Geology 578 Home Page; Courses; Scott A. Wood's Home Page or the Department of Geological Sciences CLAY MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY: GEOL4550/6550 - P.A. Schroeder, Department of Geology, University of Georgia Multimedia Clay Science Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Clay Science" Course Lectures include "...Theoretical X-ray powder diffraction; X-ray diffraction data processing; Hydrous layered silicates; Ionic radii and structural formula calculations; Associated mineral phases and their XRD identification; XRD identification of discrete clay minerals; Mixed-layer clays and their XRD identification; Quantitative XRD analysis of mineral mixtures; Reicprocal lattice, Electron diffraction; The geochemistry of clays; Equilibrium adsorption and ion exchange; Weathering reactions; etc..." For more information see Paul A. Schroeder's Home Page or the Department of Geology Isotope Geochemistry INTRODUCTION TO ISOTOPE CHEMISTRY - B. Jenkins, K. Casciotti & K. Sims, Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Multimedia Introduction to Isotope Chemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Introduction to Isotope Chemistry "...The objective of this course is to develop a quantitative and thorough understanding of isotope geochemistry, its systematics and its application to the study of earth systems and the oceans..." Examples of "Introduction to Isotope Chemistry" Course Lectures include Foundations and Origins "...Fundamentals: nuclear structure, nuclear stability, radioactive decay, and isotopes; Nucleosynthesis: the abundance of the elements and isotopes, where, when, and how they were made; Istopic constraints on the timing and mode of formation of the earth, its atmosphere and ocean..." Isotope Chemistry and Physics "...Basic physical chemistry of isotopes; Mass dependent and mass independent effects; Multicomponent mixing; etc..." Measurement Techniques "...Ion Traps Tutorial; SIMS Tutorial; Mass Analyzers Tutorial; etc..." Case Studies; etc. For more information see Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Department; Departments or the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution TRACE ELEMENT AND ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY - Cin-Ty A. Lee, Department of Earth Science, Rice Univeristy Multimedia Trace Element and Isotope Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). Trace Element and Isotope Geochemistry "...This course will introduce basic principles of trace-element and isotope geochemistry. The course will cover basic atomic and nuclear structure, radiaoactive decay equations, trace-element partitioning, stable isotope fractionations, and measurement techniques..." Examples of "Trace Element and Isotope Geochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Distribution and re-distribution of elements during chemical, petrological processes; Simple box models of melting, mixing; Implications for interpretation of mid-ocean ridge melting; Fractional crystallization; Interpretation of igneous rocks; Chemical differentiation of the Earth; Mantle geochemistry; Stable isotopes; Stable isotope in climate, paleo-oceanography; Stable isotope biogeochemistry; etc..." For more information see Cin-Ty A. Lee's Home Page or the Department of Earth Science Graduate Geochemistry Databases, Courses, Lectures, etc. GEOKEM: GEOCHEMISTRY OF IGNEOUS ROCKS - B.M. Gunn, Mew Zealand Multimedia Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks Lectures, Technical Reports, Databases, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks (GEOKEM)" Subject Categories include "...Oceanic Ridge Basalts (ORBs); Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc..." ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY - W.M. White, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University Multimedia Isotope Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Isotope Geochemistry" Course Sections & Lectures include Geochronology "...Basics of Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry; Geochronology I: The K-Ca-Ar system; Geochronology II: The K-Ar and Rb-Sr systems; Cosmogenic Isotopes in Geochronology; Fission Track Dating; etc..." Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry "...Isotope Cosmochemistry; The Mantle; Mantle Plumes; Subcontinental Lithosphere; The Continental Crust; Noble Gases and Evolution of the Atmosphere..." Stable Isotope Geochemistry "...Stable Isotope Theory: Equilibrium Fractionations; Kinetic Fractionations and the Hydrologic System; Biological Fractionations of Stable Isotopes; Hydrothermal Activity, Metamorphism and Ore Deposits; The Carbon Cycle, Isotopes, and Climate; etc..." For more information see Isotope Geochemistry (EAS 656) Home Page; Isotope Geochemistry (EAS 656) Home Page or the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY (GEOLOGY 551) Multimedia Isotope Geochemistry Course - PDF (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "24" "Isotope Geochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Lecture 9: Geochronology V: The U-TH-PB System - Zircon Dating; Lecture 12: Geochronology VIII: Cosmogenic Nuclides; Lecture 14: Geochronology X: Fission Track Dating; Lecture 18: Mantle Models; etc..." For more information see Feigenson's Stuff; Mark D. Feigenson's Home Page GEOCHEMISTRY DATABASES & GEOCHEMICAL MODELLING FOR CHEMICAL KINETICS DATABASES, COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER: KINETICS & CHEMICAL KINETICS FOR RELATED GEOCHEMISTRY DATABASES, COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER PHREEQC (VERSION 2) - Authors: D. Parkhurst, S. Charlton & A. Riggs; Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey; Hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey Central Region, USGS Multimedia PHREEQC: A Computer Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, One-Dimensional Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. PHREEQC: A Computer Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, One-Dimensional Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations "...is designed to perform a wide variety of low-temperature aqueous geochemical calculations. PHREEQC is based on an ion-association aqueous model and has capabilities for (1) speciation and saturation-index calculations; (2) batch-reaction and one-dimensional (1D) transport calculations involving reversible reactions, which include aqueous, mineral, gas, solid-solution, surface-complexation, and ion-exchange equilibria, and irreversible reactions, which include specified mole transfers of reactants, kinetically controlled reactions, mixing of solutions, and temperature changes; and (3) inverse modeling, which..." For more information see the Reaction-Transport Modeling In Ground-Water Systems; U.S. Geological Survey Central Region Research Projects; U.S. Geological Survey Central Region; Water Resources Ground Water Software or USGS - Water Resources Applications Software AQUEOUS GEOCHEMICAL MODELLING ONLINE: WEB-PHREEQ - Department of Geosciences, North Dakota State University Multimedia Aqueous Geochemical Modelling (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Aqueous Geochemical Modelling "...A program for aqueous geochemical calculations..." For more information see the Geology 428/628: Geochemistry or the Department of Geosciences GEOCHEMICAL EARTH REFERENCE MODEL (GERM) - GERM, EarthRef.org Multimedia Geochemical Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geochemical Database includes: Geochemistry of the Earth Database "...contains summary data on the geochemistry of all reservoirs in the Earth..." Rocks and Minerals Database "...contains partition coefficient data for all types of rocks and minerals and for every element..." Other Reservoir Databases include: "...Halley Comet Tail; Coarse Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles; Interplanetary Dust Particles; etc..." For more information see EarthRef Databases; EarthRef.org GEOCHEMISTRY OF ROCKS OF THE OCEANS AND CONTINENTS (GEOROC) - Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für Chemie, Mainz, Germany Multimedia Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans & Continents Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans & Continents Database "...a global geochemical database containing published chemical and isotopic data as well as extensive "metadata" for rocks, minerals and melt/fluid inclusions..." For more information see Geochemistry Division or the Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für Chemie GEOKEM: GEOCHEMISTRY OF IGNEOUS ROCKS - B.M. Gunn, Mew Zealand Multimedia Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks Lectures, Technical Reports, Databases, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks (GEOKEM)" Subject Categories include "...Oceanic Ridge Basalts (ORBs); Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc..." GEOCHEMISTRY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS Cosmogenic Isotopes Calculators CRONUS-EARTH ONLINE CALCULATORS - COSMOGENIC ISOTOPES CALCULATORS - Greg Balco, Cosmogenic Isotope Laboratory, Quanternary Research Center & the Analytical Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Washington VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmogenic Isotopes Calculators include Beryllium-10/Aluminium-26 Exposure Age Calculator: "...calculating an exposure age when erosion rate is known independently..." Beryllium-10/Aluminium-26 Surface Erosion Rate Calculator: "...calculating the surface erosion rate under the assumption that the erosion rate has been constant long enough for several meters of rock to have been removed..." Geometric Shielding Calculator: "...For correcting the production rate at a site that is partially shielded from the cosmic-ray flux, either by the surrounding topography or by a nominally infinite dipping..." For more information see the Cosmogenic Isotope Laboratory; Quaternary Research Center; Analytical Geochemistry Research Group or the Department of Earth and Space Sciences Radioactivity of Minerals Calculators FOR MORE RADIATION, RADIOACTIVITY CALCULATORS, DATABASES, ETC. SEE RADIATION CENTER - RADIOACTIVITY CENTER RADIOACTIVITY OF MINERALS - Mineralogy Database, D. Barthelmy Multimedia Radioactivity of Minerals Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Radioactivity of Minerals Database includes for each Mineral "...Estimated Radioactive Strength (ERS); Calculated Activity: Becquerel/kilogram; Calculated Activity: Curie/gram; Estimate Activity: GR(api); Estimate Activity: mRem/hr per gram..." For more information see Mineralogy Database Stable Isotope Fractionation Calculators STABLE ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION CALCULATOR - CALCULATEUR DU FRACTIONNEMENT DES ISOTOPES STABLES - Département de géologie et de génie géologique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Stable Isotope Fractionation Calculator - Calculateur du Fractionnement des Isotopes Stables includes "...Compute the isotope fractionation (1000 ln α) for a given temperature; Compute the isotope equilibrium temperature for a difference in composition (Δ)..." For more information see the Département de géologie et de génie géologique Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems FOR MORE URANIUM CALCULATORS, DATABASES, ETC. SEE RADIATION CENTER - RADIOACTIVITY CENTER USERCALC: URANIUM SERIES CALCULATOR FOR MAGMA MIGRATION PROBLEMS - Mark Spiegelman, Division of Seismology, Geology, and Tectonophysics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), The Earth Institute, Columbia University, & a Joint Appointment with the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems "...calculates the concentrations and activity ratios for the two parallel Uranium Series decay chains 238U->230Th->226Ra and 235U->231Pa in a one dimensional upwelling and melting column..." The purpose of the site is to provide a tool that can spur additional collaborations between geophysicists and geochemists as well as drive more rapid exploration/evolution of U-series models..." Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems includes "...1-D Column Models Calculator; Contour Plots Calculator; Spreadsheet Calculator..." For more information see Mark Spiegelman's Home Page; Division of Seismology, Geology, and Tectonophysics or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO)

Geophysics

Geophysics & Applied Geophysics Courses, Lectures, Manuals, etc. Undergraduate Courses, Lectures, etc. ~ Graduate Courses, Lectures, etc. Geophysics & Applied Geophysics Databases Geophysics & Applied Geophysics Calculators, Simulations, etc.

Geophysics GEOPHYSICS COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC. APPLIED GEOPHYSICS COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC. Undergraduate Geophysics: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS - R.M. Allen, Seismological Laboratory, Department of Earth & Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors" Course Lectures include "...Plate Rotations; The Earth's Magnetic Field; Rock Magnetization and Translation; The Geodynamo; Global Seismology and Wave Propagation; Moment Tensors; Global Velocity Structure; Gravity and Isostasy; etc..." For more information see Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors Home Page; Teaching; Richard M. Allen's Home Page or the Seismological Laboratory Undergraduate Geophysics: Applied Geophysics INTRODUCTION TO APPLIED GEOPHYSICS - R.M. Allen, Seismological Laboratory, Department of Earth & Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Introduction to Applied Geophysics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to Applied Geophysics" Course Lectures include "...Magnetic methods; Magnetics; Resistivity; Seismics: Waves and Rays; Seismics: Reflection; Seismic Reflection; Induced Polarization; Electromagnetics; Ground Penetrating Radar; Borehole Geophysics; etc..." For more information see Teaching; Richard M. Allen's Home Page or the Seismological Laboratory Undergraduate Geophysics: Geophysical Inversion AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOPHYSICAL INVERSE PROBLEMS - Division of Geology and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Multimedia An introduction to Geophysical Inverse Problems Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. An introduction to Geophysical Inverse Problems introduces "...students to the principles and techniques of inversion and data inference. To give them an understanding of the underlying theory and an ability to recognize and tackle inverse problems in the geosciences or more generally. Areas to be covered include: The theory behind Linear, Linearized and Nonlinear inverse problems; Techniques for fitting models to data;..." Examples of "An introduction to Geophysical Inverse Problems" Course Lectures include "...Linear Discrete Inverse Problems; Linearized Inverse Problems; Singular Value Decomposition; Regularizing Inverse Problems; Cross-Validation; Iterative Methods; Probabilistic Inference; etc..." For more information see the Division of Geology and Planetary Science GEOPHYSICAL INVERSION - Geophysical Inversion Facility, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada Multimedia Geophysical Inversion Course (Test, Images & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geophysical Inversion" Course Subject Categories & Subcategories include Inversion Concepts "...Introduction; The Inversion Process; Inversion Flow..." Inversion Theory "...The Flow Chart; Understanding Data; Norms and Misfit; Optimization; Theory into Practice; etc..." For more information see the Geophysical Inversion Facility GEOPHYSICAL INVERSION: TECHNICAL BACKGROUND AND MANUALS - Geophysical Inversion Facility, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada Multimedia Geophysical Inversion Course (Test, Images & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Technical Background & Technical Manuals" include "...2D DC Resistivity and Induced Polarization Manual; 3D DC Resistivity and Induced Polarization Manual; 3D Magnetics Manual; 3D Gravity Manual; 1D frequency Domain Electromagnetics Technical Background; etc..." For more information see the Geophysical Inversion Home Page or the Geophysical Inversion Facility Undergraduate Geophysics: Borehole Geophysics INTRODUCTION TO BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS - New York Water Science Center, USGS Multimedia Introduction to Borehole Geophysics (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Borehole Geophysics "...is the science of recording and analyzing measurements of physical properties made in wells or test holes. Probes that measure different properties are lowered into the borehole to collect continuous or point data that is graphically displayed as a geophysical log. Multiple logs typically are collected to take advantage of their synergistic nature..." Examples of "Introduction to Borehole Geophysics" Lectures include "...Delineation of Hydrogeologic Unit; Definition of Ground-Water Quality; Caliper Logs; Gamma Logs; Single-point resistance Logs; Spontaneous-potential Logs; Normal-resistivity Logs; Electromagnetic-induction Logs; Fluid-resistivity Logs; Temperature Logs; Flowmeter Logs; Television Logs; etc..." For more information see the New York Water Science Center GEOPHYSICAL METHODS: BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS; SURFACE-GEOPHYSICAL & WATER-BORNE - Branch of Geophysical Applications and Support, Office of Ground Water, Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Borehole Physics Textbook (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Geophysical Methods "...focuses on the development and modification of geophysical characterization and monitoring methods and on the testing of newly developed and emerging geophysical technologies..." Examples of "Borehole-Geophysical Methods" Textbooks Categories include "...Standard Borehole Logging Methods; Borehole Electromagnetic (EM) Induction logging; Borehole Imaging; Borehole Radar; Deviation; Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT); Spectral Gamma; etc..." For more information see Branch of Geophysical Applications and Support; Office of Ground Water or the Water Resources of the United States BOREHOLE LOGGING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT & DATA ACQUISTION - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Borehole Physics - Geophysics Lessons & Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Borehole Logging Tools, Equipment & Data Acquistion" Lessons & Technical Reports include Logging Tools & Equipment includes "...Multi-sensor Spectral Gamma Ray Tool; Seismic-While-Drilling Pilot Sensor; Digital Core Barrel Measurements..." Data Acquistion includes "...BRG Data Acquisition System; BRG High-Resolution Depth Counter; etc..." For more information see the Borehole Research Group; Research or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO)

Graduate Geophysics: Inverse Methods in Geophysics INVERSE METHODS IN GEOPHYSICS - R. M. Richardson, Department of Geoscience, University of Arizona Multimedia Inverse Methods in Geophysics Course - PDF, 264 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Inverse Methods in Geophysics "...course on the fundamentals on inverse theory. Inverse theory can be loosely defined as the art of inferring as much as possible about a problem using everything that is known about the data and the relationship between the model and the data as expressed by some mathematical forward problem..." Examples of "Inverse Methods in Geophysics" Course Lectures include "...Inverse Methods Based on Length; Linearization of Nonlinear Problems; The Eigenvalue Problem; Singular-Value Decomposition (SVD); The Generalized Inverse and Measures of Quality; Variations of the Generalized Inverse; Continuous Inverse Theory and Other Approaches; etc..." For more information see Randall M. Richardson's Home Page or the Department of Geoscience Graduate Geophysics: Sea-ice Geophysics SEA-ICE GEOPHYSICS - Hajo Eicken, Floating Ice Group, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF), Fairbanks, Alaska Multimedia Sea-ice Geophysics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Sea-ice Geophysics" Course Lectures include "...Sea-ice microphysics: Ice crystallography, nucleation, crystal growth; Sea-ice phase diagram, equations of state and solute segregation; Microphysics and microstructural evolution: the evolution of sea-ice salinity profiles and their impact on macroscopic ice properties; Sea-ice optical and electromagnetic properties; Sea-ice thermal properties; The problem of scales: macroscopic ice strength and its relevance for large-scale ice dynamics; Sea-ice remote sensing; etc..." For more information see the Sea-ice Geophysics Home Page; Teaching; Floating Ice Group or the Geophysical Institute TRANSPORT PROCESSES AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS - Hajo Eicken, D. Pringle & J. Eichelberger, Floating Ice Group, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF), Fairbanks, Alaska Multimedia Transport Processes and Physical Properties of Rocks Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Transport Processes and Physical Properties of Rocks" Course Lectures include "...Thermal properties and heat transfer; Permeability and fluid transport; Transport and property modeling; Electrical properties and charge transport; Transport and rock properties in magmatic systems; Dielectric properties of porous rocks and sea ice; etc..." For more information see Teaching; Floating Ice Group or the Geophysical Institute FIELD TECHNIQUES IN INTERDISCIPLINARY SEA-ICE RESEARCH - Hajo Eicken, R. Gradinger & K. Shirasawa, Floating Ice Group, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF), Fairbanks, Alaska Multimedia Field Techniques in Interdisciplinary Sea-ice Research Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Field Techniques in Interdisciplinary Sea-ice Research" Course Lectures include "...Introduction to remote sensing of sea ice properties and processes and its application in sea-ice field research; Sea ice thickness, morphology and deformation; Ice-core and in-situ measurements of sea-ice physical properties; Ice engineering properties; Ice-ocean interaction, heat and nutrient exchange; Integrated sea-ice observing systems; etc..." For more information see the Field Techniques in Interdisciplinary Sea-ice Research Home Page; Teaching; Floating Ice Group or the Geophysical Institute

GEOPHYSICS DATABASES GEOMAGNETISM - Geology Division, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Geomagnetism Databases, Real Time Data, Models, Charts, etc. (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Geology Divisions or the United States Geological Survey PLATE BOUNDARY OBSERVATORY - UNAVCO, Inc. Multimedia Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO), "...part of the EarthScope project that is funded by the National Science Foundation, studies the three-dimensional strain field resulting from active plate boundary deformation across the Western United States..." For more information see UNAVCO, Inc. WORLD STRESS MAP PROJECT - Project Director: F. Wenzel, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Geophysical Institute, University Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Multimedia Tectonic Stress Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENISVE. World Stress Map (WSM) "is the global repository for contemporary tectonic stress data from the Earth's crust..." World Stress Map's main operational areas for stress in application are Basin Modelling; Tectonic Modelling; Reservoir Management; Stability of Mines, Tunnels and Boreholes, Fault Slip Tendency & Seismic Risk Assessment..." For more information see the Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften (Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities) or the Geophysikalisches Institut (Institute of Geophysics) GEOPHYSICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GEOPHYSICS APPLETS - P. Alberts, Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. Examples of Geophysics Calculators include: "...Seismometer Demonstration Calculator; Seismometer Calibration Calculator; 2D-Magnetics Calculator; Magnetic Dipole Calculator; Gravity Meter Calculator; Normalized Frequency Response of a Seismometer Calculator; Free Motion of the Moving Mass of a Seismometer Calculator; LP Seismometer Calculator; Ray Paths Calculator; Electric Sounding Calculator; Geothermics Calculator; Huygens' Priciple Calculator; etc..." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal GEOPHYSICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ELASTIC WAVE EXPLORATION SEISMOLOGY CALCULATORS & APPLETS CREWES EXPLORER PROGRAM (JAVA APPLETS) - Consortium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology Tools include "...acquisition, analysis and interpretation of multicomponent seismic data..." For more information see Consortium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES) or the Department of Geology and Geophysics Some examples from over "10" Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology Calculators & Applets include CREWES Zoeppritz Explorer CREWES Zoeppritz Explorer is "...a useful web-based applet that enables the user to visually 'explore' Zoeppritz equation solutions with various parameter inputs..." CREWES Reflectivity Explorer CREWES Reflectivity Explorer "...enables the user to view large number of AVO-related approximations to the P-P reflection co-efficient for any combination of earth properties..." CREWES AniZoeppritz Explorer CREWES AniZoeppritz Explorer "...lends insight into the realm of materials displaying vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) and horizontal transverse isotropy (HTI)..." CREWES Interface Parameter Calculator CREWES Interface Parameter Calculator is "...designed to be a convenient tool for converting data on interfaces between earth layers into various useful formats...." GEOPHYSICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAMMA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAMMA CALCULATOR - Radiation Geophysics, Geological Survey of Canada VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gamma Calculator "...demonstrates the process of calculating equivalent ground concentrations of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th) from measured raw count rates and spectrometer/system constants..." For more information see Radiation Geophysics CALCULATEUR GAMMA - Géophysique de rayonnement, Commission géologique du Canada VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Calculateur Gamma "...montre comment les concentrations équivalentes au sol de potassium (K), d'uranium (U) et de thorium (Th) sont calculées d'après les taux de comptage bruts mesurés et les constantes des spectromètres/systèmes..." For more information see Géophysique du rayonnement GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY CATALOGUE FOR Ge AND Si(Li) AND NaI (Tl) - Gamma-Ray Spectrometry Center, Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Multimedia Gamma-ray Spectrum Catalogue for Ge and Si(Li) and NaI (Tl) Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Gamma-ray Spectrum Catalogue for Ge and Si(Li) and NaI (Tl) Database "...These publications, which established standards for detector systems, experimental methods and reference spectra for both NaI (Tl) scintillation detectors and Ge(Li) - Si( Li) semiconductor devices,..." For more information see the < Gamma-Ray Spectrometry Center or the Idaho National Laboratory

Geomorphology, Fluvial Geomorphology, Tectonic Geomorphology GEOMORPHOLOGY DATABASES THE VIRTUAL GEOMORPHOLOGY - GEOMORFOLOGIA WIRTUALNA - Designed & Maintained by Zbigniew Zwolinski, Laboratory of Geographical Information Systems, Adam Mickiewicz University, and hosted by The Association of Polish Geomorphologists Multimedia Geomorphology Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geomorphology Databases include "...Geomorphological Systems; Theoretical Geomorphology; Structural Geomorphology; Dynamic Geomorphology; Biogeomorphology; Planetary Geomorphology; etc..." For more information see The Association of Polish Geomorphologists GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. Geomorphology GEOMORPHOLOGY - J.R. Arrowsmith, Continental Tectonics and Structural Geology, Earth Systems Sciences, School of Earth and Space Exploration, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University Multimedia Geomorpholgy Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geomorpholgy" Course Lectures include "...Introduction to Geomorphology; Digital Elevation Models and GIS; The Endogenic Effect; Climate and Climate Change over the Quaternary; Geomorphic Mapping and Aerial Photography Lecture; Weathering - Chemical Weathering; Weathering - Physical Weathering; Continuity Equation for Regolith Thickness; Simulation of Hillslope Processes; Mass Wasting; Fluvial Processes and Landforms; Fluvial Processes and Wediment Transport; etc.." For more information see Geomorphology Home Page (GLG362/598); J. Ramón Arrowsmith's Home Page; Earth Systems Sciences or the School of Earth and Space Exploration GEOMORPHOLOGY - K.A. Lemke, Department of Geography & Geology, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisconsin Multimedia Geomorpholgy Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geomorpholgy" Course Lectures include "...Introduction to Geomorphology; Stream Sediment; Fluvial Landforms; Karst Processes & Landforms; Glacial Erosion, Transportation & Deposition; Weathering Processes; Soils Geomorphology; etc..." For more information see Geomorphology Course Home Page; Karen A. Lemke's Home Page or the Department of Geography & Geology GEOMORPHOLOGY - L.S. Hanson, Department of Geological Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Salem State College Multimedia Geomorpholgy Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geomorpholgy" Course Lectures include "...Introduction to Geomorphology; Tectonic Geomorphology; Structures and Landforms; Weathering Processes; Karst Geomorphology; Geomorphology of Slopes; Glacial Geomorphology; etc..." For more information see Geomorphology Home Page; Lindley S. Hanson's Home Page or the Department of Geological Sciences Fluvial Geomorphology FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY - D. Booth, Geomorphological Research Group, Quaternary Research Center, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington Multimedia Fluvial Geomorphology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Fluvial Geomorphology" Course Lectures include "...Lecture 2: Fluid Mechanics; Lecture 4: River Channel Geomorphology; Lecture 5: Channel Classification; Lecture: 6: Hillslope Hydrology; etc..." For more information see Courses; Geomorphological Research Group; Quaternary Research Center or the Department of Earth and Space Sciences Tectonic Geomorphology TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY - K. Whipple & J.R. Arrowsmith, Earth Surface Processes & Continental Tectonics and Structural Geology, Earth Systems Sciences, School of Earth and Space Exploration, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University Multimedia Tectonic Geomorphology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Tectonic Geomorphology" Course Lectures include "...Isostasy and Climate-Tectonic Interactions; Large scale Climate-Tectonic Interactions; Climate-Tectonic Interactions - Bedrock Channels; General commentary, Earthquake displacement fields, and Introduction to the San Andreas Fault; Dip-slip Dislocations; Earthquake Surface Ruptures; Earthquake Moment and Intensity; etc..." For more information see Tectonic Geomorphology Home Page (GLG490/598); J. Ramón Arrowsmith's Home Page or the School of Earth and Space Exploration Geothermics, Geothermobarometry, Mineral Thermobarometry GEOTHERMICS CALCULATORS & APPLETS THE GEOTHERMICS APPLET - P. Alberts, Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) Available in English & German/Deutsch. Geothermics Calculator "...simulates the conductive cooling (heating of simple model structures and for simplified material properties: Surface; Dike; Contact; Pizza & Wave..." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal GEOTHERMOBAROMETRY - THERMOBAROMETRY CALCULATORS & APPLETS GEOTHERMOBAROMETRY PAGE - THERMOBAROMETRY - G. Nichols, Department of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geothermobarometry Page - Thermobarometry Calculators Calculate pressures and temperatures for "...garnet-spinel-sillimanite-quartz; cordierite-spinel-sillimanite-quartz; garnet-cordierite-sillimanite-quartz; garnet-spinel-kyanite-quartz..." For more information see Geoff Nichols Home Page MINERAL THERMOBAROMETRY CALCULATORS & APPLETS PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF MINERAL THERMOBAROMETRY - D. Waters, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, U.K. Multimeida Mineral Thermobarometry Course, Calculators, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Practical Aspects of Mineral Thermobarometry provides "...information, tutorial material and worked examples for petrology students interested in extracting pressure-temperature information from rocks. It is assumed that you have completed a typical undergraduate petrology course..." Examples of "Mineral Thermobarometry" Course Lessons include "...Microprobe Analyses; Chemical Mineralogy of Common Mineral Groups; Solid solutions, mixing models and activity calculations; etc..." THERMOCALC "...is a thermodynamic calculation software package for tackling mineral equilibria problems. It has two main components: the application itself, and the internally-consistent thermodynamic dataset it uses..." For more information see Dave Waters Home Page

Glaciology, Glacial Geology,

Quaternary Geology, Ice, Snow, Glaciers, Icebergs

Glaciology Dictionaries & Glossaries Glaciology Databases ~ Ice Core Databases Glacial Geology & Quaternary Geology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Artic Climatology & Meteorology Courses, Lectures, etc. Snow Crystals Courses, Lectures, etc. Snow Dynamics, Accumulation & Avalanches Courses, Lectures, etc. Glacier Images Databases Iceberg Movies & Simulations ~ Iceflow Calculators

Glaciology, Glacial Geology, Quaternary Geology, Ice, Snow, Glaciers, Icebergs GLACIOLOGY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES GLACIER TERMINOLOGY (QUICKTIME) - Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Glacier Terminology (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Glossary of Hazards, Features, Phenomena, Processes, Events, Topics, & Terminology or the Cascades Volcano Observatory GLOSSARY OF GLACIER TERMINOLOGY - Author: Bruce F. Molnia, USGS Multimedia Glossary of Glacier Terminology (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY OF ALPINE GLACIAL LANDFORMS - K.A. Lemke, Department of Geography & Geology, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisconsin Multimedia Alpine Glacial Landforms Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Karen A. Lemke's Home Page or the Department of Geography & Geology GLACIOLOGY DATABASES ASTER GLACIER FOOTPRINT VIEWER - Planetary GIS Web Server, USGS VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Planetary GIS Web Server, USGS NATIONAL ICE CENTER - National Ice Center, NOAA Multimedia Snow & Ice Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. NATIONAL SNOW AND ICE DATA CENTER (NSIDC) - National Snow & Ice Center, NOAA Satellite Operations Facility, NOAA Multimedia Snow & Ice Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. NSIDC "...archives analogue and digital snow and ice data, creates and distributes data products, maintains a large library collection, publishes Glaciological Data, New Accessions List, and NSIDC Notes, archives glacier photos, and supports snow and ice research..." SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Glacier Atlases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Fact Sheets; Publications, Data, etc. or the USGS Examples of Glacier Atlases include Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of South America Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of Irian Jaya, Indonesia Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of New Zealand GLIMS GLACIER DATABASE - Water & Ice Studies, Flagstaff Field Center, United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arisona Multimedia Glacier Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GLIMS Glacier Viewer "...was developed to provide a "front-end" mapping interface to the GLIMS Glacier Database. A number of different layers in this interface can be viewed and spatially queried including: GLIMS Glacier Outlines, ASTER Footprints, Regional Center Locations, the World Glacier Inventory, and others..." For more information see Maps & Docs or Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) ICE CORE DATABASES ICE CORE GATEWAY - NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, National Climate Data Center (NCDC), NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ice Core "...Click on one of the regional maps to launch a java applet which will display detailed maps of ice core data locations, and allow users to display, graph..." For more information see the Paleoclimatology or the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) GLACIAL GEOLOGY & QUATERNARY GEOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. GLACIAL GEOLOGY - K.A. Lemke, Department of Geography & Geology, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisconsin Multimedia Glacial Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Glacial Geology" Course Lectures include "...Glacier Characteristics; Glacier Flow; Glacial Mass Balance; Glacial Meltwater; Glacial Meltwater Deposits & Landforms; Glacial Erosion; Glacial Debris Transport; Glacial Deposition & Till Characteristics; Depositional Landforms; etc..." For more information see Glacial Geology Course Home Page; Karen A. Lemke's Home Page or the Department of Geography & Geology GLACIAL GEOLOGY - W.W. Locke, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana Multimedia Glacial Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Glacial Geology" Course Lectures include "...Glacier Systems; Glacier Motion; Subglacial Processes; Glaciers & Meltwater; Glaciolacustrine/-marine; Erosion and Landscapes; Ice-margin Environments; Sediment Facies; Megageomorphology; etc..." For more information see William W. Locke's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences GLACIAL GEOLOGY - Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati Multimedia Glacial Geology Course (Text & Imagese). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Glacial Geology" Course Lectures include "...Systems & Mass Balance; Dynamics; Erosion-Transportation & Deformation; Subglacial Depostion; Superglacial; Ice-Margin (contact) Deposition; Meltwater Erosion; etc..." For more information see Glacial Geology Home Page; Thomas V.Lowell's Home Page QUATERNARY GEOLOGY - ICE AGE ENVIRONMENTS (331/767) - James S. Aber, Earth Science, Department of Physical Sciences, Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas Multimedia Quaternary Geology - Ice Age Environments Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Quaternary Geology - Ice Age Environments" Course Lectures include "...Glaciers and Ice Aheets; Glacial Geomorphology; Modern Glacial Processes; Glacial Megageomorphology; Glaciomarine Environments; Quaternary Chronology; Quaternary Paleoclimatology; Glacial Climatic Conditions; Regional Glaciation; etc..." For more information see Quaternary Geology - Ice Age Environments Course Home Page; Earth Science or the Department of Physical Sciences ARTIC CLIMATOLOGY AND METEOROLOGY COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. ARTIC CLIMATOLOGY AND METEOROLOGY - National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), NOAA Multimedia Arctic Climatology and Meteorology Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Arctic Climatology and Meteorology Lessons "...The arctic climate is characterized by high spatial variability, and includes both polar maritime (influenced by the ocean) and continental..." For more information see National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) SNOW CRYSTALS COURSES, LECTURES, LESSONS, ETC. SNOW CRYSTALS - K.G. Libbrecht, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Multimedia Snow Crystals Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Snow Crystals "...This site is all about snow crystals and snowflakes, and how these remarkably complex and beautiful structures appear, quite literally, out of thin air..." For more information see Kenneth G. Libbrecht's Home Page SNOW DYNAMICS, ACCUMULATION & AVALANCHES COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. SNOW DYNAMICS AND ACCUMULATION - S.G. Custer, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University Multimedia Snow Dynamics and Accumulation Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Snow Dynamics and Accumulation" Course Chapters include "...Snow Stratigraphy; Snow Metamorphism Processes; Snow Strength Measurement; Snow-Water-Equivalent (SWE) Measurement; For more information see Steve Custer Courses; Index Page for Steve Custer; Stephan G. Custer's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences THE AVALANCHE ENCYCLOPEDIA - Avalanche Organization Multimedia Avalanche Encyclopedia (Text & Images). The Avalanche Encyclopedia "...is brought to you in cooperation with: National Avalanche Center and The Friends of the Utah Avalanche Forecast Center..." For more information see the Avalanche Organization GLACIER IMAGE DATABASES GLACIER IMAGE DATABASE - Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati Multimedia Glacier Image Database (Text & Imagese). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Glacier Image Database" includes "...Erosion; Subglacial; Superglacial; Ice-margin; Glacial Lakes; Proglacial..." For more information see Glacial Geology Home Page; Thomas V.Lowell's Home Page ICEBERG MOVIES, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ICEBERG MOTION (QUICKTIME) - Automatic Weather Stations Project (AWS) and Antarctic Meteorological Research Center (AMRC), Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Multimedia Iceberg Lessons (Text, Images, Animations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Automatic Weather Stations Project and Antarctic Meteorological Research Center ICEFLOW CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ICEFLOW: ALPINE GLACIER DYNAMICS (JAVA APPLET) - J. Masek, Climate, Erosion, and Tectonics in the Andes and Other Mountain Systems, Cornell EOS Interdisciplinary Science Investigation, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. ICEFLOW Model "...is based on the Oerlemans (1984) approximation for the dynamics of valley glaciers..." For more information see Climate, Erosion, and Tectonics in the Andes and Other Mountain Systems; Current and Recent Research in Mountain Belt Remote Sensing or the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences

Landslides LANDSLIDE LESSONS, TECHNICAL REPORTS, ANIMATIONS, SIMULATIONS, ETC. LANDSLIDE CALCULATORS & APPLETS LANDSLIDES LEARNING & EDUCATION - USGS Multimedia Landslide Publications, Technical Reports, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Landslide Education or Landslide Examples of Landslide Publications include An Examination of Selected Historical Rainfall-Induced Debris-Flow Events within the Central and Southern Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States Landslide and Land Subsidence Hazards to Pipelines GIANT HAWAIIAN UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES - USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology, USGS Multimedia Giant Hawaiian Underwater Landslides Technical Reports & Lectures (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Giant Hawaiian Underwater Landslides Technical Reports include "...Prodigious Submarine Landslides on the Hawaiian Ridge; The giant submarine Alika debris slide, Mauna Loa, Hawaii; etc..." For more information see Topics or USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology POTENTIAL SAN FRANCISCO BAY LANDSLIDES DURING EL NIÑOS - USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology, USGS Multimedia Potential San Francisco Bay Landslides During El Niños (Text, Images, Animations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Topics or USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology DEBRIS FLOW CALCULATORS & APPLETS UBCDFLOW FLOW (JAVA APPLET) - R.J. Fannin, Geotechnical Research, Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Debris Flows "...Landslides comprising soil, rock and organic material are termed debris slides or debris flows, with a distinction made largely to recognize the form of movement along the event path. Where initial movement occurs as a slide, it often progresses quickly to a flow. Debris flows are a common natural hazard in mountainous terrain..." UBCDFLOW - Debris Flow Calculator "...Three modes of flow are considered in UBCDFLOW: unconfined flow (UF) on an open slope; confined flow (CF) in a gully channel; and transition flow (TF) deemed to occur immediately upon exiting a gully channel onto an open slope..." For more information see Debris Flow - UBCDFLOW; R. Jonathan Fannin's Home Page; Geotechnical Research or the Department of Civil Engineering LANDSLIDE PREDICTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FOREST CONSERVATION AND EROSION CONTROL - Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan For more information see the Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences Examples of Landslide Prediction Calculators include Typhoon Meteorological Condition of Landslide Disasters Calculator Typhoon Meteorological Condition of Landslide Disasters Calculator is "...designed for the trial prognosis of the meso-scale meteorological condition related to landslide disasters with Typhoons..." Baiu Frontal Precipitation Meteorological Condition of Landslide Disasters Calculator Baiu Frontal Precipitation Meteorological Condition of Landslide Disasters Calculator is "...designed for the trial prognosis of the meso-scale meteorological condition related to landslide disasters with Typhoons..." Magnetics MAGNETIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS 2-D MAGNETICS APPLET (JAVA APPLET) - P. Alberts, Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. Magnetics Calculator "...simulates a magnetic survey along an arbitrary orintated profile across a two dimensional subsurface structure of arbitrary strike direction and shape in a vertical cross section..." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal PHASE TRANSITIONS IN MAGNETICS: 2D ISING MODEL (JAVA APPLET) - E. Demidov, Department of Semiconductor Physics, Institute for Physics of Microstructures (IPM), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russia VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & Russian. Phase Transitions in Magnetics Calculator "...Magnetic phase transition can be observed in a very simple system. In Ising model interacting spins (magnet vectors) occupy lattice sites. Every spin..." For more information see Phase Transitions; E-notes

Mineralogy

Mineralogy Databases Mineral Spectroscopy Databases ~ Mineral Structure Databases Mineralogy Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Optical Mineralogy Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc.

Mineralogy MINERALOGY DATABASES MINERALOGY DATABASES - D. Barthelmy Multimedia Mineralogy Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mineralogy Database "...contains 4,442 individual mineral species descriptions..." "...Mineral data for individual species are linked to mineral tables by crystallography, crystal structures, X-Ray powder diffraction, chemical composition, physical and optical properties, Dana's New classification,..." Examples of Mineralogy Databases include Minerals by Chemical Composition Minerals Arranged by Crystal Form Minerals arranged by the Dana Classification System Minerals arranged by the Strunz Classification System Minerals by Physical and Optical Properties Calculated Radioactivity MINERAL SCIENCES COLLECTIONS: SEARCH & BROWSE - Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian Institution Multimedia Mineral Sciences Collection (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mineral Sciences Collections "...The Smithsonian Institution mineral and gem collection consists of approximately 350,000 mineral specimens and 10,000 gems, making it one of the largest of its kind in the world..." Mineral Sciences Collections include "...Gems & Minerals with Images; Meteorites with Images; Rocks and Ores with Images..." For more information see the Mineral Sciences Collections or the Department of Mineral Sciences BANCROFT MINERAL COLLECTION - Department of Geological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara Multimedia Bancroft Mineralogy Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTESNIVE. Bancroft Mineralogy Database "...provides a wealth of information on the collection's 67 minerals, including others currently not on display. The information includes a narrative description of the mineral, its complete chemical and physical properties,..." For more information see Educational Outreach or the Department of Geological Sciences MINERAL GALLERY & GEMSTONE GALLERY - The Image Multimedia Mineral Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. AMETHYST GALLERIES' MINERAL GALLERY - Amethyst Galleries, Inc Multimedia Mineral Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Amethyst Galleries' Mineral Gallery "...describes over 600 mineral species (and varieties) and more than 5000 specimens..." PERIODIC TABLE: GERM PARTITION COEFFICIENT (KD) DATABASE - KD'S OF ROCKS AND MINERALS - A. Koppers (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) & Roger Nielsen (Oregon State University), & Hosted by EarthRef.org VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GERM Partition Coefficient (Kd) Database "...contains partition coefficient data for all types of rocks and minerals and for every element. All search results are sortable and may be downloaded in the format of your choice. Both experimental and empirical data are included in this extensive compilation..." For more information see Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM); EarthRef.org or Scripps Institution of Oceanography Crystallography of Minerals Databases FOR MORE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY DATABASES, COURSES, LECTURES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY BILBAO CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC SERVER - Laboratorio de Materiales (LAMA), Universidad del País Vasco (EPV), Spain Multimedia Crystallographic Databases (Text & Images). Examples of "Bilcao Crystallographic Server" Subject Categories include "...Space Groups Retrieval Tools; Group - Subgroup Relations of Space Groups; Representation Theory Applications; Solid State Theory Applications; Subperiodic Groups: Layer, Rod and Frieze Groups Retrieval Tools; ICSDB (Inconmensurate Crystal Structure Database); etc..." For more information see the Laboratorio de Materiales CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND CRYSTALLOCHEMICAL DATABASE FOR MINERALS AND THEIR STRUCTURAL ANALOGUES: WWW-MINCRYST - A.V. Chichagov & D.A. Varlamov and supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, Russia Multimedia Crystallographic and Crystallochemical Database for Minerals and Their Structure Analogues Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. In English & Russian. For more information see the WWW-MINCRYST Home Page or the Russian Foundation of Basic Research Some examples of Crystallographic Database for Minerals Tools include Searching by Name of Mineral and/or It's Specification(s) Searching by Crystal Chemical Formula Opaque and Ore Minerals Databases VIRTUAL ATLAS OF OPAQUE AND ORE MINERALS - R.A. Ixer & P.R. Duller, Department of Geological Sciences, Birmingham University, England and sponsored by Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration (SME) Multimedia Mineralogy Database - Atlas of Opaque and Ore Minierals (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Virtual Atlas of Opaque and Ore Minerals "...provides over 400 full colour photomicrographs of the major ore-forming associations and opaque minerals in non-mineralized rocks. It describes typical examples of each material from many classical localities throughout the world. For each association there is a listing of the major (and important minor) primary ore minerals, alteration products and gangue, typical textures, a brief discussion of the geology of the association and a list of references...." For more information see the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration (SME) Zeolite Databases ATLAS OF PROSPECTIVE ZEOLITE FRAMEWORKS - M.D. Foster & M.M.J. Treacy, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Arizona State University Multimedia Atlas of Prospective Zeolite Frameworks (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Atlas of Prospective Zeolite Frameworks "...contains a collection of hypothetical zeolite structures in a searchable database. It also uses a 3D Java applet to display structures and tools to perform XRD powder pattern simulations and largest included sphere analysis..." For more information see Michael W. Deem's Research Group or the Department of Bioengineering DATABASE OF ZEOLITES STRUCTURES - Structure Commission, International Zeolite Association (IZA-SC), Switzerland Multimedia Zeolites Structures Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Database of Zeolite Structures includes "...Descriptions and drawings of each framework type; User-controlled animated displays of each framework type; Crystallographic data and simulated powder diffraction patterns for representative materials; Detailed instructions for building models; Descriptions of some families of disordered zeolite structures; etc..." For more information see International Zeolite Association (IZA-SC)

MINERAL SPECTROSCOPY DATABASES DIGITAL SPECTRAL LIBRARY - USGS Spectroscopy Lab Multimedia USGS Digital Spectral Library Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. USGS Digital Spectral Library "...The UV to mid-infrared 0.2-150 micron library (splib06) contains over 1300 spectra including mid-infrared data as well as spectra from splib05a and additional visible and near-infrared spectra. The library includes many more minerals, organic and volatile compounds, vegetation, and man-made materials than our previous libraries. The database is over 6,000 web pages, figures, sample images and data listings..." For more information see USGS Spectroscopy Lab or the U.S. Geological Science Topics MINERAL SPECTROSCOPY - G.R. Rossman, Division of Geological & Planetray Sciences, California Institute of Technology Multimedia Mineral Spectroscopy Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mineral Spectroscopy "...provides information about mineralogy and is primarily dedicated to providing information about color in minerals and access to data on Mineral Absorption Spectra in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum and Raman spectra of minerals. Most data on the server were obtained in the Caltech mineral spectroscopy labs. Other types of spectroscopic data on minerals are also available..." For more information see Division of Geological & Planetray Sciences MINERAL STRUCTURE DATABASES MINERAL WEB: 3-D DISPLAY OF MINERAL STRUCTURES (CHIME) - A.R. Lennie, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. Multimedia Mineral Structure Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences MINERAL STRUCTURE DATABASE - J. Smyth, Mineral Structures Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, Univesity of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado Multimedia Mineral Structure Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Geology 3010 - Mineralogy; Joe Smyth's Home Page or Department of Geological Sciences MINERALOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. EARTH MATERIALS (EENS 211) - S.A. Nelson, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Tulane University Multimedia Earth Materials Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Earth Materials Course "...Since minerals are the basic building blocks of earth materials, this course is designed to give the student a fundamental background in minerals, necessary to understand earth materials..." Examples of "Earth Materials" Course Lectures include "...Elements of Crystal; Crystal Morphology, Crystal Symmetry, Crystallographic Axes; Axial Ratios, Parameters, Miller Indices; Stereographic Projection of Crystal Faces; Twinning, Polymorphism, Polytypism, Pseudomorphism; Physical Properties of Minerals; Properties of Light and Examination of Isotropic Substances; Uniaxial Minerals, Uniaxial Indicatrix, Optic Sign, & Ray Path; Silicate Structures, Structural Formula, Neso-, Cyclo-, and Soro- Silicates; Tectosilicates, Carbonates, Oxides, & Accessory Minerals; etc..." For more information see Stephen A. Nelson's Home Page or the Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences CLAY MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY: GEOL4550/6550 - P.A. Schroeder, Department of Geology, University of Georgia Multimedia Clay Science Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Clay Science" Course Lectures include "...Theoretical X-ray powder diffraction; X-ray diffraction data processing; Hydrous layered silicates; Ionic radii and structural formula calculations; Associated mineral phases and their XRD identification; XRD identification of discrete clay minerals; Mixed-layer clays and their XRD identification; Quantitative XRD analysis of mineral mixtures; Reicprocal lattice, Electron diffraction; The geochemistry of clays; Equilibrium adsorption and ion exchange; Weathering reactions; etc..." For more information see Paul A. Schroeder's Home Page or the Department of Geology CLAY MINERALOGY: GEOL8550 - P.A. Schroeder, Department of Geology, University of Georgia Multimedia Clay Mineralogy Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Clay Mineralogy" Course Lectures include "...Crystal chemistry review; Principles of X-rays - absorption phenomenon; Theoretical X-ray powder diffraction - Layer factors; Classification of hydrous layered silicates; XRD identification of discrete clay minerals - illite, chlorite, kaolinite; XRD identification of discrete clay minerals - smectite, vermiculite; Mixed-layer clays and their XRD identification - Probabilities; Calculation of mixed-layer clay diffraction patterns; etc..." For more information see Paul A. Schroeder's Home Page or the Department of Geology INTRODUCTION TO X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION - J.R. Connolly, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico Multimedia Introduction to X-Ray Powder Diffraction Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to X-Ray Powder Diffraction" Course Lectures include "...Generation of X-Rays; Introduction to Diffraction and the Reciprocal Lattice; Diffraction II: Intensities and Extinctions; Systematic Errors and Sample Preparation; Introduction to Quantitative Methods; etc..." For more information see Earth & Planetary Sciences X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory or the Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences A LABORATORY MANUAL FOR X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION - U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia A Laboratory Manual for X-Ray Powder Diffraction (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "A Laboratory Manual for X-Ray Powder Diffraction" Chapters & Subchapters include Methods "...Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment for the Removal of Organics; Separation of Silt and Clay by Decantation; Separation of Silt and Clay by Centrifuge; Smear Slide Mounts; Oriented-Aggregate Mounts; Ethylene Glycol Treatment; Lithium Saturation of Smectites; Intercalation of Kaolinite Group Minerals; etc..." Clay Minerals "...Chlorite Group; Illite; Kaolinite Group; Mixed-Layer Clays; Smectite Group; Sepiolite and Palygorskite; Vermiculite..." Clay Mineral Identification Flow Diagram; etc. SPECTROSCOPY OF ROCKS AND MINERALS, AND PRINCIPLES OF SPECTROSCOPY - R.N. Clark, USGS Spectroscopy Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Spectroscopy of Rocks and Minerals, and Principles of Spectroscopy (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Spectroscopy of Rocks and Minerals, and Principles of Spectroscopy" Subject Categories include "...Absorption and Scattering; Imaging Spectroscopy; Reflection and Absorption; Electronic Processes; Crystal Field Effects; Charge Transfer Absorptions; Vibrational Processes; etc. For more information see USGS Spectroscopy Laboratory or Mineral Resources Program, USGS OPTICAL MINERALOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. OPTICAL MINERALOGY - G. Finn, Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University Multimedia Optical Mineralogy Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Optical Mineralogy" Course Chapters include "...Properties of Light; Refractometry; Isotropic Materials; Anisotropic Minerals; Optical Properties; Uniaxial Minerals; Biaxial Minerals; etc..." For more information see Greg Finn's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences

Morphodynamics MORPHODYNAMICS COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION DATABASES, COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. TURBIDITY CURRENTS DATABASES, COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. FOR RELATED COURSES, LECTURES, MANUALS, ETC. SEE THE ENGINEERING CENTER - CIVIL ENGINEERING: HYDROLOGY ENGINEERING, ETC. OR OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE GEOCHEMISTRY: SEDIMENT COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. 1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS WITH APPLICATIONS TO RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - G. Parker, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering & the Department of Geology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of University of Illinois Multimedia 1D Sediment Transport Morphodynamics with Applications to Rivers & Turbidity Currents Course (Text, Images & Spreadsheets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "50" "1D Sediment Transport Morphodynamics with Applications to Rivers and Turbidity Currents" Course Parts & Chapters include Part 1: 1D Sediment Transport "...Bankfull Characteristics of Rivers; Relations for the Conservation of Bed Sediment; Threshold of Motion and Suspension; Relations for 1D Bedload Transport; Fluvial Bedforms; Relations for Hydraulic Resistance in Rivers..." Part 2: Morphodynamics of Rivers "...Morphodynamics of Bedrock-Alluvial Transitions; Mobile and Static Armor in Gravel-bed Streams; Response of a Sand-bed River to a Dredge Slot; Morphodynamics of Recirculating and Sediment-Feed Flumes; Transportational Cyclic Steps; Morphodynamics of Gravel-Sand Transitions; etc..." Part 3: Fluvial Fans and Fan-deltas "...Morphodynamics of Rivers Ending In 1D Deltas; Rivers Ending in 1D Deltas Carrying Sediment Size Mixtures; Modeling of Rivers On 2D in Fan-deltas: Fixed-width Channel(s); Modeling of Rivers On 2D in Fan-deltas: Self-formed Channel(s); etc..." Part 4: Morphodynamics of Subaqueous Fans and Fan-deltas Deposited by Turbidity Currents, and Co-evolving Fluvial/Turbidity Current Fan-deltas. Some examples from over "30" Spreadsheets include "...Calculator for statistical characteristics of grain size distributions; Particle fall velocity calculator; Spreadsheet for backwater calculations in open channel flow; Spreadsheet for calculating the Rouse-Vanoni profile of suspended sediment; Calculator for aggradation and degradation with a migrating bedrock-alluvial transition at the upstream end; Calculator for aggradation and degradation of sediment mixtures in gravel-bed streams; Calculator for evolution of upward-concave bed profiles in rivers carrying sediment mixtures in subsiding basins; etc.." For more information see Gary Parker's Morphodynamics Web Page; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering or the Department Geology EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION MANUAL - Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, Bureau of Reclamation, Department of Interior Multimedia Multimedia Erosion and Sedimentation Manual (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Erosion and Sedimentation Manual" Sections include "...Erosion and Reservoir Sedimentation; Noncohesive Sediment Transport; Cohesive Sediment Transport; Sedimentation Modeling for Rivers and Reservoirs; Sustainable Development and Use of Reservoirs; River Processes and Restoration; Dam Decommissioning and Sediment Managemen; Reservoir Survey and Data Analysis; etc..." For more information see Knowledge Base; Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group; Library or the Bureau of Reclamation MORPHODYNAMICS SHORT COURSES (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - G. Parker, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering & the Department of Geology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of University of Illinois Multimedia Morphodynamics Short Course (Text, Images & Spreadsheets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Morphodynamics Short Courses" include "...Deepwater Sedimentary Processes Course; Environmental Fluid Mechanics: Theory, Experiments and Applications Course; Morphology, Morphodynamics and Ecology of Mountain Rivers Course; Coastal Morphodynamics Course; Geomorphological Fluid Dynamics Course; etc..." For more information see Gary Parker's Morphodynamics Web Page; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering or the Department Geology TURBIDITY CURRENTS - G. Parker, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering & the Department of Geology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of University of Illinois Multimedia Turbidity Currents Course (Text, Images & Spreadsheets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Turbidity Currents" Course Lectures include: What is a Turbidity Current?; Morphologies; Analogies to Rivers; Hydraulics and Sediment Transport; Triggering Mechanisms of Turbidity Currents; Derivation of Governing Equations; Introduction to Turbidity Current Morphodynamics; etc..." For more information see Gary Parker's Morphodynamics Web Page; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering or the Department Geology

Marine Biology

Marine Biology Dictionaries & Glossaries Aquatic Plants ~ Coral Fisheries ~ Ichthyology ~ Marine Biology ~ Underwater Sound Marine Species Databases ~ Marine Biology Courses & Lectures Marine Biology by Subject Sounds of the Sea Lessons, Lectures, etc. (Fish, Dolphins, Lobsters, Seals, Walrus, Whales, etc.) Fish/Ichthyology ~ Cephalopods (Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish, Nautilus) Comatulids & Crinoids ~ Conchology - Gastopods (Shells & Mollusks) ~ Corals, Sea Anemones Crustaces (Barnacles, Crabs, Lobsters, Shrimp, etc.) Nudibranchs, Opisthobranchs, Sea Slugs Seaweeds, Kelp, Marine Algae ~ Sea Urchins ~ Seahorses

MARINE BIOLOGY Marine Biology Dictionaries & Glossaries Aquatic Plants Glossaries & Dictionaries AQUATIC PLANT GLOSSARY - D.L. Sutton, Center for Aquatic Plants, IFAS, University of Florida Multimedia Aquatic, Wetland and Invasive Plant Glossary (Text & Images). For more information see Center for Aquatic Plants, institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida Coral Glossaries & Dictionaries NOAA'S CORAL REEF DATA DISCOVERY GLOSSARY - NOAA's Coral Reef Information System, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Multimedia Coral Reef Data Discovery Glossary (Text & Images). Coral Reef Data Discovery Glossary "...glossary contains over 5,300 technical terms, with their definitions, explanations, and illustrative materials where apropos. The aim of the CoRIS glossary is to help the student or layperson, as well as the professional scientist and manager, to understand the complex language and terminology of coral reef ecosystem science..." For more information see NOAA's Coral Reef Information System Fisheries Glossaries & Dictionaries FISHERIES TECHNICAL TERMS GLOSSARY - Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Multimedia Fisheries Technical Terms Glossary (Text & Images). For more information see Northeast Fisheries Science Center Ichthyology Glossaries & Dictionaries DICTIONARY OF ICHTHYOLOGY - Authors: Brian W. Coad (Research Services, Canadian Museum of Nature (Musée canadien de la nature), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) & Don E. McAllister Multimedia Dictionary of Ichthyology (Text & Images). Dictionary of Ichthyology "...Some terms cited here are also used, or originate, in genetics, marine biology, oceanography, limnology, systematics, palaeontology, parasitology, ecology, hydrology, fisheries, museum studies, angling, aquaculture, slang, dialects of English, folklore, etymology, literature, fish processing, fish technology, fishing vessels, cooking, veterinary science, etc. and the choice of terms to include from such diverse fields is eclectic..." For more information see Brian W. Coad's Home Page; Brian W. Coad's Home Page at the Canadian Museum of Nature or the Canadian Museum of Nature (Musée canadien de la nature) Marine Biology Glossaries & Dictionaries GLOSSARY OF MARINE BIOLOGY - J. Levinton, Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, N.Y. Multimedia Marine Biology Glossary (Text & Images). For more information see Jeff Levinton's Home Page Underwater Sound Glossaries & Dictionaries GLOSSARY OF UNDERWATER SOUND - RESON, Denmark Multimedia Underwater Sound Glossary (Text & Images). For more information see RESON MARINE BIOLOGY Marine Species Databases MARINE SPECIES: WORLD REGISTER OF MARINE SPECIES (WoRMS) - Marinespecies.org Multimedia Marine Species: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Marine Species Database "...The aim of a World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms, including information on synonymy. While highest priority goes to valid names, other names in use are included so that this register can serve as a guide to interpret taxonomic literature...." MARINE ORGANISMS DATABASE - Marine Resource Department, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass Multimedia Marine Organisms Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Marine Organisms Database "...represents approximately 200 species of marine organisms available in our Marine Resources Center and collected by the Aquatic Resources Division..." For more information see the Marine Organisms or the Marine Biological Laboratory INTEGRATED TAXONOMIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (ANIMAL, PLANT, FUNGAL, MONERA) - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Geological Survey (USGS); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS); National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian Institution; National Biological Information Infrastructure; National Park Service; Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada; CONABIO, Mexico and hosted by the Department of Agriculture (USDA) Multimedia Integrated Taxonomic Information Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Integrated Taxonomic Information Database "...authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, and microbes of North America and the world..." Marine Biology Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, Lessons, etc. Marine Biology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks INTRODUCTORY MARINE BIOLOGY - M. Chiappone, Biology and Marine Science, Arts & Sciences Department, Miami Dade College, Homestead, Florida Multimedia Marine Biology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introductory Marine Biology" Course Lectures include "...The Ocean as a Habitat; Patterns of Associations; Phytoplankton; Marine plants; Marine Protozoans and Invertebrates; Marine Vertebrates; Estuaries; Temperate Coastal Seas; Tropical and Subtropical Shallow Seas; etc..." For more information see Mark Chiappone's Home Page or the Arts & Sciences Department Comparative Marine Physiology Courses, Lectures & Lessons COMPARATIVE MARINE PHYSIOLOGY - C.W. Holliday, Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA Multimedia Comparative Marine Physiology Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Comparative Marine Physiology" Lessons include "...Blood volume regulation in crabs; Osmoregulation and Ion transport in isopod gills; Osmoregulation and Ion transport in brine shrimp; Osmoregulation and Ion transport in crab gills; Osmoregulation and Ion transport in fish gills; etc..." For more information see Chuck Holliday's Web Page or Department of Biology

MARINE BIOLOGY ATLASES, COURSES, LECTURES, LESSONS, ETC. BY SUBJECT Sounds of the Sea (Fish, Dolphins, Lobsters, Seals, Walrus, Whales, etc.) Sounds of the Sea Audio Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound Sounds of the Sea Audio Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound AUDIO GALLERY FOR DISCOVERY OF SOUND IN THE SEA (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Office of Marine Programs (OMP), Coastal Institute on Narragansett, University of Rhode Island Multimedia Sounds of the Sea Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Audio Gallery of Sounds of the Sea "...Marine Mammals Sounds (Whales, Dolphins, Seals); Fish Sounds; Marine Invertebrates Sounds; Nautical Sounds, etc..." For more information see Discovery of Sound in the Sea or the Office of Marine Programs (OMP) Some examples from over "40" different Marine Mammals, Fish, etc. Audio Sounds include Marine Mammals: Gray Whale Sounds Pinnipeds: Walrus Sounds Fish: Garibaldi Sounds Marine Invertebrates: Spiny Lobster Sounds COLLECTION OF SOUNDS FROM THE SEA (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Ocean Explorer, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Multimedia Sounds of the Sea Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Sound in the Sea; Explorations or Ocean Explorer Whale Sounds Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound DWARF MINKE WHALE SOUNDS (WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Minke Whale Project, Undersea Multimedia Whale Sounds Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Minke Whale Project KILLER WHALE SOUNDS - WHALE CHAT (QUICKTIME) - B.C. Wild Killer Whale Adoption Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada Multimedia Whale Sounds Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Biology & Research or the B.C. Wild Killer Whale Adoption Program WHALE ACOUSTICS PROJECT (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) & the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML), NOAA Multimedia Whale Sounds Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Acoustics/Geophysics; VENTS Program; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) or the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) Fish - Ichthyology Fish Databases FISHBASE DATABASE - FishBase Org Multimedia Fish Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. FishBase includes over "...30300 Species, 266200 Common names, 46000 Pictures..." For more information see FishBase Org ICHTHYOLOGY (FISH) IMAGE DATABASE - Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences Multimedia Ichthyology Image Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ichthyology Image Database "...Three categories of images may be present: color photographs, radiographs, and original illustrations..." For more information see Ichthyology or the California Academy of Sciences LARVABASE - Larvalbase Project & funded by German Ministery for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Germany Multimedia Fish Larvae Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Fish Larvae Database "...Provide fisheries and hatchery managers in developing countries with fast and easy access to all information relevant to the identification and rearing of fish larvae for aquaculture and stock enhancement and for the conservation and re-establishment of fish biodiversity..." NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISH INDEX - Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Multimedia North American Freshwater Fish Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. North American Freshwater Fish Databases "...a taxonomically structured index to TNHC Fish WWW images, distribution maps, and general information on freshwater fishes of North America..." For more information see Ichthyology or the Texas Memorial Museum Fish Anatomy FISH ANATOMY - F.L. Hubbard, Marine Biology, Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL Multimedia Fish Anatomy Lessons (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE.

Cephalopods: Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish, Nautilus CEPHALOPOD PAGE: OCTOPUS, SQUID, CUTTLEFISH & MAUTILUS (QUICKTIME) - J.G. Woods, Bermuda Biological Station for Research Multimedia Cephalopods Database, Lessons, Technical Reports (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Cephalopods: Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish, Mautilus "...What group of animals can change color faster than a chameleon plus change texture and body shape, has three hearts pumping blue blood, is jet powered, has members in all oceans of the world - from the tropics to the poles..." CEPHBASE - CEPHALOPOD DATABASE: OCTOPUS, SQUID, CUTTLEFISH & MAUTILUS (QUICKTIME) - J.B. Wood & C. Day Multimedia Cephalopods Database, Lessons, Technical Reports (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. CephBase: Cephalopods: Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish, Mautilus "...The purpose of CephBase is to provide life history, distribution, images, catch and taxonomic data on all living species of cephalopods (octopus, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus)..." THE LONG-FINNED SQUID (QUICKTIME) - Marine Resource Department, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass Multimedia Long-Finned Squid Database, Lessons, Technical Reports (Text, Images, & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Long-Finned Squid Subject Categories include "...Breeding/Development; Morphology; Taxonomy; Chromatophores; etc..." For more information see Marine Organisms or the Marine Biological Laboratory THE GIANT OCTOPUS - D. Scheel, Marine Biology, Alaska Pacific University Multimedia Giant Octopus Database, Lessons & Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see David Scheel's Home Page Comatulids & Crinoids CRINOIDS - C.G. Messing, Marine Biology, Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL Multimedia Crinoids Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Crinoidea (Crinoids) "...includes the most exquisite members of the Echinodermata, far more stunning as a rule than any plodding urchin or commonplace starfish (just to let you know at the outset where my allegiance lies). With a family tree rooted in almost 500 million years of history, they are the senior group of living echinoderms.." Charles Messing's Crinoid Pages Subject Categories include "...Introduction; Morphology; Feeding; Systematics..." For more information see Charles Garrett Messing's Home Page; Oceanographic Center or Nova Southeastern University Conchology & Gastropods - Shells & Mollusks HARDY'S INTERNET GUIDE TO MARINE GASTROPODS - Eddie Hardy, gastropods.com Multimedia Gastropods Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. CONCHOLOGY: THE ART & SCIENCE OF NATURE - World Wide Conchology Multimedia Conchology Database (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. CONCHOLOGY - Guido T. Poppe, Beligum Multimedia Conchology Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Corals - Sea Anemones NOAA'S CORAL REEF DATA DISCOVERY GLOSSARY - NOAA's Coral Reef Information System, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Multimedia Coral Reef Data Discovery Glossary (Text & Images). Coral Reef Data Discovery Glossary "...glossary contains over 5,300 technical terms, with their definitions, explanations, and illustrative materials where apropos. The aim of the CoRIS glossary is to help the student or layperson, as well as the professional scientist and manager, to understand the complex language and terminology of coral reef ecosystem science..." For more information see NOAA's Coral Reef Information System CORAL REEFS - National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Multimedia Coral Reefs Databases & Coral Reefs Technical Reports, Lessons, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see NOAA CORAL REEFS: REMOTE SENSING OF CORAL REEFS - Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Multimedia Coral Reef Remote Sensing Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see SeaWiFS or Remote Sensing of Coral Reefs CORAL REEFS: HAWAIIAN ISLANDS (QUICKTIME) - Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Geology Division, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Coral Reefs Videos, Databases, Technical Reports, Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Hawaiian Islands Coral Reefs Subject Categories include "...Digital Resources; Mapping coral reefs; Monitoring change on coral reefs; Sediment studies; etc..." For more information see Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Geology Divisions or the United States Geological Survey HEXACORALLIANS OF THE WORLD: SEA ANEMONES, CORALS AND THEIR ALLIES - D.G. Fautin, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Kansas University Natural History Museum Multimedia Coral Database & Sea Anemones Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Hexacorallians of the World "...A compilation of publications concerning taxonomy, nomenclature, and geographic distribution of extant hexacorallians members of cnidarian orders Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, Ptychodactiaria, and Zoanthidea (sea anemones in the loose sense), Ceriantharia (tube anemones), and Scleractinia (hard or stony corals)..." For more information see Division of Invertebrate Zoology

Crustacea: Barnacles, Crabs, Lobsters, Shimp, etc. CRUSTACEA: MARINE ORGANISMS DATABASE - Marine Resource Department, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass Multimedia Marine Crustacea Databases, Lessons, Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Marine Organisms Database; Marine Organisms or the Marine Biological Laboratory THE HORSESHOE CRAB: LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS - Marine Resource Department, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass Multimedia Horseshoe Crab Lessons (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Horseshoe crabs "...are large animals as invertebrates go. Females can be up to 60 cm in length and can weigh up to 5 kg. They resemble large horseshoe shaped helmets with a long spike-like tail or telson..." For more information see Marine Organisms or the Marine Biological Laboratory Nudibranchs, Opisthobranchs, Sea Slugs SEA SLUG FORUM: NUDIBRANCHS, OPISTHOBRANCHS, SEA SLUGS - The Sea Slug Forum, Australian Museum Multimedia Nudibranchs, Opisthobranchs, Sea Slugs Database, Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Sea Slug Forum includes Species List; General Topics "...Body shape, anatomy and body parts; General biology, ecology and evolution; Interstitial (and other microscopic) opisthobranch groups; Life history, reproduction, mating and eggs; Localities and geographic regions; etc..." Other animals (including slug food and animals that look like slugs); Other molluscs (including snails, clams and chitons); Sacoglossans; Sea Hares (including Aplysiomorpha, Anaspidea and Aplysia); etc..." For more information see the Australian Museum MEDITERRANEAN SLUG SITE: OPISTHOBRANCHS FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND ELSEWHERE - Erwin Koehler Multimedia Nudibranchs, Opisthobranchs, Sea Slugs Database, Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Includes Opisthobranchs from the "...Mediterranean Sea; Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, etc..." THE SLUG SITE: NUDIBRANCHS, OPISTHOBRANCHS, SEA SLUGS - M.D. Miller, San Diego, CA Multimedia Nudibranchs, Opisthobranchs, Sea slugs Database (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Some examples include Past Video Selections of the Week Pan American Nudibranchs Opisthobranch Selections from Hawaii Pacific Coast Opisthobranchs Seaweeds, Kelp, Maring Algae ALGAEBASE - Michael D. Guiry, Martin Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Multimedia Algae Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Algaebase contains over "...122,000 species and infraspecific names are in the database, 6,000 images, 40,000 bibliographic items, 143,000 distributional records..." Algaebase includes: "...Marine, freshwater and terrestrial algae are included, although the data for marine organisms are the most complete. Blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), rhodophytes, phaeophytes, chlorophytes, euglenophytes, etc..." For more information see the Martin Ryan Institute SEAWEEDS - Michael D. Guiry, Martin Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Multimedia Seaweeds Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Seaweeds Database "...This site is a source of general information on all aspects of seaweeds. Seaweeds are marine algae: saltwater-dwelling, simple organisms that fall into the rather outdated category of "plants". Most of them are the green (about 1200 species), brown (about 1750 species) or red (about 6000 species) kinds illustrated on this page, and..." For more information see the Martin Ryan Institute CATALOGUE OF BENTHIC MARINE ALGAE OF THE INDIAN OCEAN - P.C. Silva, P. Basson & R. Moe, Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Marine Algae Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean "...All published records of benthic marine algae from the Indian Ocean excluding the Red Sea are assembled in a catalogue with the taxa arranged according to an assumed phylogenetic scheme to the rank of order..." For more information see The University Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley INTRODUCTION TO NONGENICULATE CORALLINE ALGAE - D.W. Keats, Botany Department, University of the Western Cape (UWC), South Africa Multimedia Coralline Algae Technical Reports, Lessons, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Introduction to Coralline Algae "...a general introduction to the biology of coralline algae, and includes pointers to the latest family, subfamily and generic delimitations. Graphics and interactivity are now included where they improve clarity..." For more information see Botany Department, University of the Western Cape (UWC), South Africa Sea Urchins SEA URCHIN EMBRYOLOGY - Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford University Multimedia Sea Urchin Embryology Lessons (Text, Images & Animations). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Sea Urchin Embryology "...The drama of fertilization and development is explored by laboratory modules using sea urchin eggs and a web site developed by teachers and Stanford University researchers..." For more information see Sea Urchin Embryology Home Page Some examples from more than "50" Sea Urchin Lessons include Anatomy & Physiology Path of Development SEA URCHIN EMBRYOLOGY - J. Hardin, Zoology Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison Multimedia Sea Urchin Embryology Lessons (Text & Images). Sea Urchin Embryology Lessons include "...Fertilization; Cleavage; Gastrulation; Neurulation..." For more information see Welcome to the Sea Urchin Embryology Tutorial!; Dynamics of Development!; Zoo Web or the Zoology Department Seahorses SEAHORSE: SECRETS OF THE (FLASH) - Scripps Institution of Oceanography Multimedia Seahorse Lessons (Text, Images, Animations & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Secrets of the Seahorse" Lessons include Biology "...Anatomy & Seahorse Sounds..." History; Threats; Conservation, etc..." For more information see the Education: Learning Resources; Education; Birch Aquarium; Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine (CMBB) or the Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Oceanography & Marine Geochemistry

Oceanography Dictionaries & Glossaries Oceanography & Marine Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Undergraduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Introduction to Oceanography ~ Introduction to Physical Oceanography Shelf & Coastal Oceanography ~ Chemical Oceanography & Marine Chemistry Geochemistry of Marine Sediments & Marine Organic Geochemistry Satellite Oceanography Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Chemical Oceanography Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks ~ Physical Oceanography ~ Hydrothermal Vent Geochemistry Isotope Geochemistry ~ Sea Level Measurement & Interpretation Oceanography Tools & Calculators Oceanography Models, Databases & Ocean Atlases Bedform Sedimentology, Marine Sedimentary Processes & Sediment Transport Coastal Inlets ~ Dredging Ocean Waves, Ocean Wave Theory Coastal Engineering

Oceanography OCEANOGRAPHY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES Physical Oceanography Glossaries & Dictionaries GLOSSARY OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY & RELATED DISCIPLINES - S.K. Baum, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University Multimedia Physical Oceanography Glossary (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Dictionaries; Steven K. Baum's Home Page or the Department of Oceanography GLOSSARY OF UNDERWATER SOUND - RESON, Denmark Multimedia Underwater Sound Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see RESON OCEANOGRAPHY, MARINE GEOCHEMISTRY, ETC. COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. Undergraduate: Introduction to Oceanography Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY - R.H. Stewart, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University Multimedia Oceanography Course (Text, Images, Simulations, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to Oceanography" Course Chapters include Role of the Ocean in Climate and Climate Change; El Nino and the Role of the Ocean in Weather; Coastal Problems; Coastal Pollution; etc. For more information see Interdisciplinary Oceanography Textbook; Interdisciplinary Oceanography (OCNG 401) Ocean World or the Department of Oceanography Undergraduate: Physical Oceanography Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY - R.H. Stewart, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University Multimedia Physical Oceanography Textbook (Text, Images & Animations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Physical Oceanography "...The ocean is one part of the earth system. It mediates processes in the atmosphere by the transfers of mass, momentum, and energy through the sea surface. It receives water and dissolved substances from the land. And, it lays down sediments that eventually become rocks on land..." Examples of "Introduction to Physical Oceanography" Textbook Chapters include The Physical Setting; Atmospheric Influences; The Oceanic Heat Budget; Temperature, Salinity, and Density; Equations of Motion With Viscosity; Response of the Upper Ocean to Winds; Deep Circulation in the Ocean; etc..." For more information see Ocean World or the Department of Oceanography AN INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY - M. Tomczak, Earth Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Multimedia Physical Oceanography Course (Text, Images, Simulations & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Physical Oceanography "...Physical oceanography occupies a unique place amongst all science disciplines because it has strong interactions with a large number of other sciences of very different characteristics..." Examples of "An Introduction to Physical Oceanography" Course Lectures include Properties of Weawater, the Concept of Salinity; The Global Oceanic Heat and Mass (freshwater) budgets; Depth Distribution of Temperature, Salinity and Mutrients; Aspects of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics; Thermohaline Processes, Water Masses; Wave Classification, Dispersion, Wind Waves; Long waves: Tsunamis, Seiches, Internal Waves; etc. For more information see Matthias Tomczak's Website; Earth Sciences or the School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences Examples of "An Introduction to Physical Oceanography" Course Lectures include Lecture 1: The place of physical oceanography in science Lecture 5: Distribution of temperature and salinity with depth Lecture 9: Wave classification, dispersion, wind waves Undergraduate: Shelf & Coastal Oceanography Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. SHELF AND COASTAL OCEANOGRAPHY - M. Tomczak, Earth Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Multimedia Shelf & Coastal Oceanography Course (Text, Images & Calculators). Shelf & Coastal Oceanography "...regional oceanography of shelf seas. Regional oceanography can be described as the successor to physical oceanography during the first half of this century, a branch of science that grew from physical geography. It studies the consequences of topographic detail of the world ocean for the oceanic circulation - the depth of ocean sills, the influence of land barriers, the importance of rivers..." For more information see Matthias Tomczak's Website or Earth Sciences Examples of "Shelf & Coastal Oceanography" Course Chapters include Chapter 5: Tides in shallow seas and estuaries Chapter 7: Island wakes in deep and shallow water Chapter 11: Definition of estuaries Undergraduate: Chemical Oceanography & Marine Chemistry Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY - J. Murray, Chemical Oceanography, School of Oceanography, University of Washington Multimedia Chemical Oceanography Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "17" "Chemical Oceanography" Course Lectures include "...Properties of Water and Seawater; Major Ions of Seawater; Activity Scales and Activity Corrections; Mass Balance: the Cornerstone of Chemical Oceanography; Ocean Circulation; Biological Production; Respiration; Gas Exchange; Isotope Geochemistry; etc..." For more information see Oceanography 400 Home Page or the School of Oceanography MARINE CHEMISTRY - Adina Paytan, Paytan Biogeochemistry Lab, Institute of Marine Science, University of California, Santa Cruz & Hosted by: Ocean Biogeochemistry Lab, Department of Geological & Environmental Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University Multimedia Marine Chemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "16" "Marine Chemistry" Course Lectures include "...Properties of Water and Seawater; Temperature; Salinity; Density; General Ocean Circulation; Major Elements in the Ocean; Trace Elements in the Ocean; Marine Chemical Mass Balance (Box and Transport Reaction Models); The Biological Pump; Particle Flux; Remineralization Acid-Base Reactions; Carbonate Chemistry; Marine Sediments; Marine Sediments & Stable Isotopes; etc..." For more information see Paytan Biogeochemistry Lab (Payton Chemical Oceanography Lab); Biological Oceanography/Marine Chemistry Course Home Page; Ocean Biogeochemistry Lab or the Department of Geological & Environmental Sciences Undergraduate: Geochemistry of Marine Sediments & Marine Organic Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. GEOCHEMISTRY OF MARINE SEDIMENTS - D.C. McCorkle & W.R. Martin, Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Multimedia Geochemistry of Marine Sediments Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Marine Sediments" Course Lectures include "...Sampling; Solute Transport; Particle Accumulation Rates; Organc Matter Decomposition; Oxic Decomposition; Denitrification and the Sedimentary Nitrogen Cycle; Carbonate Chemistry; Metabolic Calcite Dissolution; Permeable Sediments; etc..." For more information see Geochemistry of Marine Sediments; Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Course Notes; Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry or the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution MARINE ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY - D.J. Repeta & T.I. Eglinton, Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Multimedia Marine Organic Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Marine Organic Geochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Organic Geochemistry Methods - Chromatography; Organic Geochemistry Methods - Mass Spectrometry; Composition of DOC; Microbial BGC and DOC; Terrestrial OM in the Oceans Carbon Preservation in Sediment; Radiocarbon in Organic Materials; etc..." For more information see Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Course Notes; Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry or the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Undergraduate: Satellite Oceanography Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. THE BASICS OF SATELLITE OCEANOGRAPHY - N.P. Nezlin, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Life Sciences, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Multimedia Basics of Satellite Oceanography Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "The Basics of Satellite Oceanography" Course Lectures include "...The Basic Concepts of Oceanography; Satellites and Sensors; Remote Sensing of the Sea; Oceanographic Applications: Infrared Measurement of Sea Surface Temperature; Oceanographic Applications: Radar-altimeters; Oceanographic Applications: Ocean Color; Ocean Color and Phytoplankton Growth; Mesoscale Variability and Coastal Pollution; etc..." For more information see Nikolay P. Nezlin's Home Page or the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Graduate: Chemical Oceanography CHEMICAL OCENAOGRAPHY (REAL PLAYER & FLASH) - D.K. Ryan & M. Altabet (Dartmouth University), Department of Chemistry & the Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts Multimedia Graduate Chemical Oceanography Course (Text, Images, PowerPoint, PDF, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "25" Graduate "Chemical Oceanography" Course Video Lectures include "...Physicochemical Properties Video Lectures; Equilibrium Concepts Video Lectures; Atmospheric Chemistry Video Lecture; Dissolved Gases Video Lecture; Carbonate System Video Lectures; Global CO2 Cycle Video Lectures; Organic Matter Production & Export Video Lectures; Geochemical Cycles Video Lectures; Metal Geochemistry Video Lectures; Stable Isotopes as Tracers Video Lecture; Radioisotopes as Tracers Video Lecture; CO2 Sequestration Video Lecture; etc..." For more information see Chemical Oceanography; Courses; David Ryan's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry Graduate: Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. GEOKEM: GEOCHEMISTRY OF IGNEOUS ROCKS - B.M. Gunn, Mew Zealand Multimedia Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks Lectures, Technical Reports, Databases, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks (GEOKEM)" Subject Categories & Lectures include "...Oceanic Ridge Basalts (ORBs); Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc..." Graduate: Physical Oceanography Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (OCNG 608) (QUICKTIME) - R.H. Stewart, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University Multimedia Graduate Physical Oceanography Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Graduate "Physical Oceanography" Course Lectures include "... The Physical Setting and Atmospheric Influences; Oceanic Heat Budgets I & II; Oceanic Heat and Fresh Water Budgets; Measurement of Temperature, Salinity, and Density; Stability in the Ocean; Geostrophic Currents and Satellite Altimetry; Surface Geostrophic Currents; Deep Circulation of the Ocean; etc..." For more information see Ocean World or the Department of Oceanography Graduate: Hydrothermal Vent Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. HYDROTHERMAL VENT CHEMISTRY - VENTS Program, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA Multimedia Hydrothermal Vent Geochemistry Lectures, Databases, Technical Publications, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Hydrothermal Vent Geochemistry" Subject Categories include "...Plume Chemistry; Vent Fluid Chemistry; Hydrothermal Particle Chemistry; etc..." For more information see VENTS Home Page; PMEL Research or the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA Graduate: Isotope Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY - W.M. White, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University Multimedia Isotope Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Isotope Geochemistry" Course Sections & Lectures include Geochronology "...Basics of Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry; Geochronology I: The K-Ca-Ar system; Geochronology II: The K-Ar and Rb-Sr systems; Cosmogenic Isotopes in Geochronology; Fission Track Dating; etc..." Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry "...Isotope Cosmochemistry; The Mantle; Mantle Plumes; Subcontinental Lithosphere; The Continental Crust; Noble Gases and Evolution of the Atmosphere..." Stable Isotope Geochemistry "...Stable Isotope Theory: Equilibrium Fractionations; Kinetic Fractionations and the Hydrologic System; Biological Fractionations of Stable Isotopes; Hydrothermal Activity, Metamorphism and Ore Deposits; The Carbon Cycle, Isotopes, and Climate; etc..." For more information see Isotope Geochemistry (EAS 656) Home Page; Isotope Geochemistry (EAS 656) Home Page or the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Graduate: Sea Level Measurement & Interpretation Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. IOC MANUAL ON SEA LEVEL MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION - Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, U.K. Multimedia Sea Level Measurement & Interpretation Manual - PDF (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "IOC Manual on Sea Level Measurement & Interpretation" Subject Categories include "...Basic Procedures; Emerging Technologies; Reappraisals and Recommendations as of the year 2000; List of tide gauge manufacturers; Glossary of terms used in tidal measurements and analysis; Frequently used abbreviations and acronyms; etc..." For more information see PSMSL Training Information, Reports, Manuals etc.; Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level or the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory

OCEANOGRAPHY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS OCEAN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS Basic Oceanography Calculators & Applets A SEA WATER EQUATION OF STATE CALCULATOR - R. Chapman, Ocean Remote Sensing Group, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Sea Water Equation of State Calculator "...will allow you to compute the UNESCO International Equation of State (IES 80) as described in Fofonoff..." Sea Water Equation of State Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Depth; Pressure; Temperature; Conductivity; Salinity; Density..." For more information see Ocean Remote Sensing Group OCEANOGRAPHIC UTILITIES - M. Tomczak, Earth Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Oceanographic Calculators & Graphing Applets include: Density from Temperature, Salinity and Pressure Calculator; Sound speed from Temperature, Salinity and Pressure Calculator; Potential Temperature from In-situ Temperature and Pressure Calculator; Freezing Point of Seawater Calculator; Salinity from Conductivity Ratio Calculator; Salinity from Conductivity, Temperature and Pressure Calculator; Coriolis Frequency Calculator; Distance between Two Positions Calculator; Potential Temperature, Potential Density and Brunt-Väisälä Frequency Calculator with Graphs; Geostrophic Current and Volume Transport Calculator with Graphs; Ocean Currents Calculator with Graphs; Wind and Calculating Wind Stress Data Calculator with Graphs; Co-oscillation Tides and Seiches in Narrow Gulfs and Basins Calculator with Graphs; Designing a Station Plan for an Oceanographic Research Voyage Calculator with Graphs; For more information see An Introduction to Physical Oceanography; Matthias Tomczak's Website or Earth Sciences Some examples from over "15" Oceanographic Calculators & Graphing Applets include Sound Speed Calculator Sound Speed Calculator "...solves the Equation of State of Seawater..." Freezing Point Calculator Freezing Point Calculator "...determines the freezing point of seawater..." Graphing Utility for Geostrophic Currents Graphing Utility for Geostrophic Currents "...calculates and plots the geostrophic current and volume transport between two hydrographic (CTD) stations, relative to the deepest observation..." Graphing Utility for Ocean Currents Graphing Utility for Ocean Currents "...plots self-generated or imported ocean current data in a variety of graphic representations..." Advanced Oceanography Calculators & Applets CALCULATION OF ABSORPTION OF SOUND IN SEAWATER - CALCULATOR - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Absorption of Sound in Seawater Calculator "...The absorption of sound in seawater forms part of the total transmission loss of sound from a source to a receiver. It depends on the seawater properties, such as temperature, salinity and acidity as well as the frequency of the sound. The details of the underlying physics of absorption are quite complex. Note that the absorption causes only part of the transmission loss. Usually, the major contribution to transmission loss is the spreading of the acoustic wave as it propagates away from the source..." Absorption of Sound in Seawater Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Frequency; Temperature; Depth; Salinity; Acidity..." For more information see Acoustics Technical Guides; Acoustics; Science & Technology or the National Physical Laboratory SPEED OF SOUND IN SEA-WATER - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculators include: "...4 Interactive Versions for Speed of Sound; 2 Interactive Versions for Pressure or Depth..." For more information see Acoustics Technical Guides; Acoustics; Science & Technology or the National Physical Laboratory Some examples of Speed of Sound in Sea-Water or Pressure or Depth Calculators include Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: The International Standard Algorithm (UNESCO equation): Chen and Millero Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Del Grosso's equation: Wong and Zhu (An alternative equation to the UNESCO algorithm) Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Mackenzie Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Coppens Presure to Depth in Sea-Water Calculator: Leroy and Parthiot CO2-SYSTEM CALCULATIONS (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - E.A. Boyle, Trace Metal Group, Chemical Oceanography, Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate (PAOC), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS) VERY EXTENSIVE. CO2-System Calculator "...is designed to calculate carbon system parameters given T, S, P, TotCO2, and Alkalinity inputs...It uses the cubic [H+] simplification of the carbon system, which only applies in the range of natural seawater pH..." For more information see Edward A. Boyle Home Page (Trace Metal Group); Chemical Oceanography; Edward A. Boyle Home Page at PAOC; Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate (PAOC) or the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS) COMPUTATION OF AQUEOUS METAL SOLUBILITIES USING SPREADSHEET PROGRAMS (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - D.A. Vaccari, Department of Civil, Environmental and Coastal Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer, Jr. School of Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology VERY EXTENSIVE. Computation of Aqueous Metal Solubilities Calculators include: "...Lead Solubility Calculator; Copper Solubility Calculator; Ferrous and Ferric Iron Solubility Calculator; Calcium and Magnesium Solubility Calculator; etc..." For more information see David A. Vaccari's Home Page or the Department of Civil, Environmental and Coastal Engineering OCEANIC CALCULATOR - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Oceanic Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Salinity; Pressure..." Oceanic Calculator OUTPUT values include: Salinity Chemical Properties "...Boron; Bromine; Calcium; etc..." Physicsl Properties "...Activity of Water; Boiling Point; Freezing Point; Specific Alkalinity; etc..." Temperature & Salinity Chemical Properties "...Dissolved Argon; Dissolved Carbon Dioxide; Dissolved Methane; etc..." Physical Properties "...Enthalpy; Heat Capacity; Osmotic Pressure; etc..." Temperature, Salinity & Pressure Chemical Properties "...Borate pK; Carbonate pK1; Calcite pKsp; etc..." Physical Properties "...Adiabatic Gradient; Adiabatic Temperature; Specific Heat; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc.; Pat Wilde's Home Page #2 or Pat Wilde's Home Page #1 OCEANIC CALCULATOR II: CONSERVATIVE, NUTRIENT AND REDOX RELATED ELEMENTS IN SEA WATER - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Oceanic Calculator II INPUT Values include: "...Salinity; Phosphate; Silicate; Oxygen..." Oceanic Calculator II OUTPUT values include amounts in Sea Water for the following: "...Lithium; Sodium; Potassium; Rubidium; Cesium; Beryllium; Magnesium; Calcium; Strontium; Barium; Zirconium; Titanium; Vanadium; Molybendum; Chromium; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc.; Pat Wilde's Home Page #2 or Pat Wilde's Home Page #1 OCEANIC CALCULATOR III: OCEANIC VELOCITY FROM STATION DATA CALCULATOR - HELLAND-HANSEN EQUATION - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. "...'Mean' velocity with depth between two hydrographic stations making the depth of no motion assumption and applying the Helland-Hansen equation..." Oceanic Calculator III INPUT Values include: "...Latitude f; f*1e=4; Separtation A-B..." Oceanic Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Station A values; Station B Values; Depth; dp; Mean d; Md*dp; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc.; Pat Wilde's Home Page #2 or Pat Wilde's Home Page #1 OCEANIC VERTICAL REDOX CALCULATOR - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Oceanic Vertical Redox "...Dissolved Oxygen with depth for Glacial, Inter-Glacial, and Non-Glacial climates. Surface and Deep water D.O and temperature as well as pycnocline thickness variable..." Oceanic Vertical Redox Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Desired Values of Dissolved Oxygen in mL/L for the Mixed Layer (Surface) and for the Deep Layer; Depth; Climate: Glacial; Pre-Post Glacial or Non Glacial; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc.; Pat Wilde's Home Page #2 or Pat Wilde's Home Page #1

OCEANOGRAPHY MODELS, DATABASES & OCEAN ATLASES Oceanography Atlases & Databases WORLD OCEAN DATABASE AND WORLD OCEAN ATLAS - Ocean Climate Laboratory (OCL), National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "World Ocean Database and World Ocean Atlas" include XBT Bias Depth and Temperature Corrections WODselect: "...The WODselect interface allows a user to search World Ocean Database 2005 using a user-specified search criteria. A distribution map..." World Ocean Database 2005: Geographic and year sorted data World Ocean Atlas 2005: Climatological fields and statistics data files World Ocean Atlas 2005 Figures: Climatological field and statistic figures; etc. For more information see the Ocean Climate Laboratory (OCL) or the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) Oceanography Databases GEOCHEMICAL EARTH REFERENCE MODEL (GERM) - GERM, EarthRef.org Multimedia Geochemical Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemical Earth Reference Model" Databases include Geochemistry of the Earth Database "...contains summary data on the geochemistry of all reservoirs in the Earth..." Rocks and Minerals Database "...contains partition coefficient data for all types of rocks and minerals and for every element..." Examples of other "Reservoir" Databases include "...Coarse Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles; Interplanetary Dust Particles; etc..." For more information see EarthRef Databases; EarthRef.org GEOCHEMISTRY OF ROCKS OF THE OCEANS AND CONTINENTS (GEOROC) - Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für Chemie, Mainz, Germany Multimedia Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans & Continents Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans & Continents Database "...a global geochemical database containing published chemical and isotopic data as well as extensive "metadata" for rocks, minerals and melt/fluid inclusions..." For more information see Geochemistry Division or the Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für Chemie MARINE GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, BATHYMETRY, TOPOGRAPHY, & RELIEF DATABASES - U.S. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA Multimedia Bathymetry, Topography, & Relief Databases, Marine Geology Databases & Marine Geophysics Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. NGDC and the collocated World Data Center for Geophysics and Marine Geology, Boulder (WDC GMG), "...compile, maintain, archive, and distribute data from extensive databases in coastal and open ocean areas. Key data types include trackline geophysics (gravity, magnetics, seismic reflection, bathymetry), sediment thickness, and..." For more information see the National Geophysical Data Center Examples from over "30" "Marine Geology & Geophysics" Databases include Bathymetry and Topography Bathymetry and Topography Databases include Bathymetry (Ocean Depths) "...HO Data Center for Digital Bathymetry (IHODCDB); International Ocean Mapping Projects; Multibeam Data; NOS Hydrographic Survey Data; Satellite-derived Data; Trackline Data; etc..." Combined Bathymetry & Topography "...Coastlines & Coastline Extractor; Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Discovery Portal; Global Relief (ETOPO2v2 and ETOPO5); Tsunami Inundation Gridding Project; etc..." Marine Geology & Geophysics: Shoreline - Coastline Data Marine Geology & Geophysics: Shoreline - Coastline Databases include "...Coastline Extractor Electronic Database allows you to extract coastline segments bounded by a specified latitude/longitude range. Plots the coast you extracted. GSHHS - A Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Shoreline Database; Coastal Relief Model at NGDC; etc..." Marine Geology Data Marine Geology Database "...Descriptions, Photographs, and Analyses of Marine and Lakebed Sediments and Rocks..." Marine Geophysical Trackline Data Marine Geophysical Trackline Database "...contains bathymetry, magnetics, gravity and seismic navigation data collected during marine cruises from 1953 to the present. Coverage is worldwide. Data sources include both US and foreign oceanographic institutions and government agencies..." NODC OCEANOGRAPHIC DATABASES - National Oceanographic Data Center, NOAA Multimedia NODC Oceanographic Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "NODC Oceanographic" Databases include "...Biology Databases; Buoy Databases; Chlorophyll Databases; Ocean Currents Databases; Plankton Databases; Salinity Databases; Coastal Water Temperature Guide (CWTG); Global Argo Data Repository; Global Ocean Data, Archaeology & Rescue; Global Temperature Salinity Profile Program (GTSPP); Coral Reef Temperature Anomaly Database (CoRTAD); etc..." For more information see the National Oceanographic Data Center PETROLOGICAL DATABASE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR (PETDB) - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Petrological Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor "...archives and serves analytical data for whole rocks, glasses, minerals, melt inclusions, with emphasis on basalts and abyssal peridotites. PetDB contains major, trace-element, and isotope ratios for samples from mid-ocean ridge basalts, back-arc basins, young near-ridge seamounts, and old oceanic crust..." For more information see Resources or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) SEA LEVEL DATABASE - Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, U.K. Multimedia Sea Level Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level or the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory VENTS: DATA AND INTERACTION MAPS - VENTS Program, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA Multimedia Vents Databases (Text & Images). VENTS "...maintains numerous data bases related to the research and exploration of hydrothermal vent processes. Many of the research data sets are provided here to in formats which can be used with GMT, GIS and other software..." For more information see CoAxial Data Page; VENTS Home Page; PMEL Research or the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHY DATABASES, SOFTWARE, MOVIES, ETC. - USGS Science Center for Coastal and Marine Geology, Woods Hole, MA Multimedia Oceanography Databases, Databases, Software, Calculators, Spreadsheets, etc. (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Woods Hole Oceanography" Programs include "...Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Marine Realms Information Bank..." Examples of "USGS Woods Hole Science Center" Software include "...Sediment Grain-size Analysis Software; Digital Shoreline Analysis System; MATLAB software for scientific computations; etc..." Examples of "Matlab Tools for Oceanographic Analysis (A collaborative effort to organize and distribute Matlab tools for the Oceanographic Community)" Subject Categories include "...Time Series Tools; Numerical Modeling Tools; Mapping Tools; Hydrographic Tools; Data Interface Tools; etc..." Oceanography Modeling OCCAM GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL - The Large Scale Modelling Group, James Rennell Division for Ocean Circulation and Climate, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, U.K. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. OCCAM Global Ocean Model "...The OCCAM project has developed several high resolution models of the World Ocean - including the Arctic Ocean and marginal seas such as the Mediterranean..." "...A selection of animation sequences from the model are available for viewing (using quicktime and mpeg formats)..." For more information see the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton THE PRINCETON OCEAN MODEL (POM) - Program in Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University The Princeton Ocean Model "...a sigma coordinate, free surface, ocean model, which includes a turbulence sub-model..." The model has been used for modeling of estuaries, coastal regions, basin and global oceans. Support has been provided by ONR (and also NOAA, MMS & other agencies)..." For more information see Program in Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences

SEDIMENT COURSES, LECTURES, CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BEDFORM SEDIMENTOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, MANUALS, ETC. MARINE SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES COURSES, LECTURES, MANUALS, ETC. SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BEDFORM SEDIMENTOLOGY (QUICKTIME) - Authros: D.M. Rubin, C.L. Carter, G.V. Middleton, R.E. Plotnick, and hosted by the Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology, USGS Multimedia Bedform Sedimentology Technical Manual (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Examples of "Bedform Sedimentology Technical Manual" Subject Categories include Bedforms and Cross-Bedding in Animations (includes Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) Table of Contents which include over "70" Animations & Movies includes "...Bedform Classes Animations & Movies; Bedform Experiments Animations & Movies; etc..." Forecasting Techniques, Underlying Physics, and Applications includes "...Techniques; Complication of Unsteady Forcing; Examples; etc..." Software available for download. For more information see the Topics or the Western Region Coastal and Marine Geology MARINE SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES - A.S. Ogston & C. Nittrouer, Marine Geology & Geophysics, School of Oceanography, University of Washington Multimedia Marine Sedimentary Processes Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Marine Sedimentary Processes" Course Lectures include "...Settling Velocity; Flocculation of sediment particles; Buoyant plumes; Marine boundary layers; Bedload transport; Suspended-sediment load and flux; Waves and sediment transport; Beaches; etc..." For more information see the Marine Sedimentary Processes Home Page (Ocean 541/Ocean 411); Andrea S. Ogston Home Page or the School of Oceanography SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT (JAVA APPLETS) - C.R. Sherwood, Coastal Sediment Transport Measurements and Modeling, USGS Science Center for Coastal and Marine Geology, Woods Hole, MA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Christopher R. Sherwood's Home Page or the USGS Science Center for Coastal and Marine Geology, Woods Hole, MA Some examples of Sediment-Transport Calculators include Linear Wave Calculations Linear Wave Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Wave Height; Wave Period; Water Depth..." Linear Wave Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Wave Number; Angular Frequency; Near-bottom Orbital Velocity..." Ripple Properties Calculator Ripple Properties Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Wave Height; Wave Period; Water Depth; Grain Diameter..." Ripple Properties Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Near-bottom Orbital Velocity; Orbital Diameter; Grain Size; Ripple Height; Ripple Wavelength; etc..." Sediment Particle Property Calculations Sediment Particle Property Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Grain Size (phi); Grain Size (mm); Grain Density; Fine Sand: Powers Roundness Factor; Corey Shape Factor; Salinity; etc..." Sediment Particle Property Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Critical Shear Stress; Dietrich Settling Velocity; Stokes Setting Velocity; Gibbs Setting Velocity; Water Density; etc..." Wave-Current Interaction Calculations Wave-Current Interaction Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Current Velocity; Current Reference Elevation; Angle Between Waves/Currents; Wave Height; Wave Period; Wave-optical Velocity Amplitude; Angular Wave Frequency; etc..." Wave-Current Interaction Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Current Friction Velocity; Wave Friction Velocity; Combined Friction Velocity; Apparent Roughness; etc.." COASTAL INLETS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COASTAL INLETS - Coastal Inlets Research Program (CRIP), Coastal & Hydraulics Laboratory, Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Costal Inlets is "...an information and analysis resource on tidal inlets, navigation channels, and the adjacent beaches..." For more information see Coastal Inlets Research Program CIRP; Inlets; Coastal & Hydraulics Laboratory or the Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC) Examples of "Coastal Inlets" Databases, Software, etc. include Inlets Online Inlets Online is "...an information and analysis resource on tidal inlets, navigation channels, and the adjacent beaches..." DREDGING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DREDGING CALCULATORS AND SCREENING TOOLS - J.E. Clausner & E. Briuer, Dredging Operations and Environmental Research, Dredging Operations Technical Support (DOTS), Environmental Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Waterways Experiment Station (WES), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Also includes: "...Dredging Models & Animations..." For more information see Dredging Operations and Environmental Research; Dredging Operations Technical Support (DOTS); Environmental Laboratory or the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Some examples from over "12" Dredging Calculators include Prediction of Eroded Versus Accreted Beaches Calculator Prediction of Eroded Versus Accreted Beaches Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Specific Gravity of Solid; Water Temperature; Median Grain Size; Deepwater Height; Wave Period; etc..." Estimating the Terminal Fall Velocity of Sand Calculator Estimating the Terminal Fall Velocity of Sand Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Specific Gravity of Solid; Current Velocity; Water or Salt; Water Depth; Median Grain Size; Draft of Disposing Vessel; Water Temperature..." Soil Calculations: Water Content, Dry density, Porosity, Degree of Saturation. etc. Soil Calculator INPUT Values include: Routine Method 1 "...Water Content of Soil; Dry Density of Soil or Volume of Solids in Soil; Degree of Saturation..." Method 2 "...Water Content of Soil; Void Ratio or Porosity; Degree of Saturation..." Method 3 Data input for Method 1 Water Content Weight of Water in Soil; Weight of Soil Particles..." Dry Density "...Wet Density; Water Content..." Void Ratio "...Volume of Voids; Volume of Solids; etc..."; etc. Flow Through A Pipeline Calculator Flow Through A Pipeline Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Rate of Flow; Inside Diameter of Pipe..." Velocity Requirements of Different Pipe Sizes Calculator Velocity Requirements of Different Pipe Sizes Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Initial Pipe Size; Initial Velocity; New Pipe Size..."

WAVE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS OCEAN WAVE THEORY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AN OCEAN WAVE PARAMETER CALCULATOR - R. Chapman, Ocean Remote Sensing Group, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Ocean Wave Parameter Calculator "...will allow you to compute any wave parameter (other than amplitude) from any other..." Ocean Wave Parameter Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Depth; Frequency; Radian Frequency; Wavelength; Wavenumber; Phase speed; Group speed..." For more information see Ocean Remote Sensing Group ANIMATIONS IN OCEAN WAVE THEORY - S.A. Kinnas, M.H. Kim, J. Zhang, H. Hart, & J.M. Roesset, Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC), Texas A&M University and the University of Texas at Austin Animations in Ocean Wave Theory include: "...Linear Wave Theory; Stokes' 2nd order Wave Theory; Numerical Simulation of Wave/Body Interaction..." For more information see Electronic Classroom on Ocean Wave Theory; Spyros A. Kinnas Home Page or the Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC) INTERACTIVE TOOLS IN OCEAN WAVE THEORY (JAVA APPLETS) - S.A. Kinnas, M.H. Kim, J. Zhang, H. Hart, & J.M. Roesset, Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC), Texas A&M University and the University of Texas at Austin VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Electronic Classroom on Ocean Wave Theory; Spyros A. Kinnas Home Page or the Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC) Some examples Ocean Wave Theory Calculators include Wave Forces on Cylinder Calculator (Linear Wave Theory) Multi-Component Waves Calculator (Linear Wave Theory) Comparison of Wave Forces Acting on a Cylindrical Bottom-mounted Pile Calculator STOKES WAVE (NONLINEAR) APPLET - S.A. Kinnas, M.H. Kim, J. Zhang, H. Hart, & J.M. Roesset, Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC), Texas A&M University and the University of Texas at Austin VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Ocean Wave Mechanics: Nonliear Wave theory; Courses; Spyros A. Kinnas' Home Page Jun Zhang's Home Page or the Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC) Examples of other Wave Calculators include Nonlinear Wave Kinematics Calculator Long Wave/Short Wave Interaction Calculator

Plate Tectonics PLATE TECTONICS LESSONS, CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS TECTONICS LESSONS, CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS INTERACTIVE CONTINENTAL DRIFT, PLATE MOTION, ETC. APPLETS - P. Meijer, Faculty of Geoscience, Universiteit Utrecht (Utrecht University), The Netherlands VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Paul Meijer's Home Page or the Faculty of Geoscience Some examples from over "7" Tectonics Calculators & Applets include Continental Drift: Cartesian Projection Applet Instantaneous Plate Motion Applet PLATE TECTONICS ON-LINE DATA AND SOFTWARE TOOLS - Computational Geophysics and Geoinformatics, Dipartimento Nuove Tecnologie, Instituto Tecnico Industriale, Milano, Italy VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Some examples Tectonics Databases & Tectonics Calculators include Global Palaeomagnetic Data Base (GPMDB) Global Palaeomagnetic Data Base (GPMDB) is "...is primarly oriented to plate tectonic applications of paleomagnetic data, and allows direct access, single archive navigation, database navigation, queries and construction of standard or synthetic APWPs, paleolatitude and declination plots based upon our rotation model..." Marine Gravity Anomalies On-Line Map Construction Tool Marine Gravity Anomalies On-Line Map Construction Tool allows you to "...allows to produce gravity anomaly maps of a user-defined region in spherical Mercator map projection. All gravity data come from version 9.1 of the gravity anomaly grid of Sandwell and Smith [1997]. This grid has a resolution of 1-minute (1/60 deg/pixel in longitude) and a latitude range from..." GTOPO30 Topography On-Line Map Construction Tool GTOPO30 Topography On-Line Map Construction Tool "...ou can generate your own high-resolution topographic maps, based on the GTOPO30 global digital elevation model. Maps are generated as PNG images in Planar projection, starting from a 30-arc seconds (approximately 1 kilometer) global dataset covering the full extent of..." Plate Tectonic Reconstructions On-line Paleogeographic Mapper Plate Tectonic Reconstructions On-line Paleogeographic Mapper "...allows to produce paleogeographic maps since Early Jurassic (200 Ma) in a variety of map projections. All reconstructions are based upon the rotation model of Schettino and Scotese [2004]. Each map is generated in real time, according to the reconstruction and projection parameters specified in the form. These maps show..." PLATE TECTONICS ANIMATIONS (QUICKTIME) - Geology, UCB Museum of Paleontology Multimedia Plate Tectonics Animations (Text & Images). Plate Tectonics Animations "...This exhibit explains the history of our new understanding of the Earth and provides a brief overview of the theories behind it..." For more information see the Geology or the UCB Museum of Paleontology PLATE MOTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PLATE MOTION CALCULATOR - K. Okino, Department of Ocean Floor Geoscience, Ocean Research Institute, University of Toyko, Japan VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Plate Motion Calculator "...calculates the relative and absolute plate motion direction and speed at any point on the earth..." Plate Motion Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Plate Model (NUVEL-1, NUVEL-1A, NNR-NUVEL-1, NNR-NUVEL-1A or HS3-NUVEL-1A); Moving Plate (Africa, Antarctica, Arabia, Eurasia, etc.); Fixed Plate (Pacific, Caribbean, Juan de Fuca, etc.); Latitude & Longitude..." For more information see Kyoko Okino's Home Page; Ocean Floor Geotectonics Division or the Ocean Research Institute PLATE MOTION CALCULATOR - R.G. Gordon, Global Tectonics Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Rice University VERY EXTENSIVE. Plate Motion Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Plate: Arabia, Eurasia, North America, Pacific, etc.; Latitude & Longitude..." Plate Motion Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...Plate Angular Velocity Components (Pole Latitude; Pole Longitude; Omega); Speed and Direction for Input Location..." For more information see the Global Tectonics Group; Richard G. Gordon's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences NUVEL1A-NNR PLATE MOTION CALCULATOR - UNAVCO, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Plate Motion Calculator "...is designed for the calculation of the NUVEL1A-NNR plate motion at any location on the earth..." For more information see the GPS Site Motion Vector/Crustal Velocity; Science Products or UNAVCO, Inc. PLATE MOTION CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - Faculty of Geoscience, Universiteit Utrecht (Utrecht University), The Netherlands VERY EXTENSIVE. Plate Motion Calculator Computes "...relative velocity at any point on Earth, based on your own pole or NUVEL1A..." For more information see Links; Tectonophysics (Lithospheric Geodynamics) or the Faculty of Geoscience HOTSPOT ROTATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HOTSPOT ROTATION CALCULATOR - R.G. Gordon, Global Tectonics Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Rice University VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Global Tectonics Group; Richard G. Gordon's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences PLATE VELOCITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS RIDGE SPREADING RATE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PLATE VELOCITY CALCULATOR - W. Menke, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, and the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University Plate Velocity Calculator "...Use NUVEL-1 Plate Velocity Parameters to calculate spreading rates for the world's major ridges..." Plate Velocity Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Plate (Indian, Nazca, South American, Cocos, etc.); Latitude; Longitude..." For more information see William Menke's Home Page; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Other Calculators include Ridge Spreading Rate Calculator Ridge Spreading Rate Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Latitude & Longitude..." Expression Calculator

Seismology

Current Seismology Activity Seismology Dictionaries & Glossaries Seismology Databases ~ Seismology Seminars Seismology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES Explorer Program) Seismology Calculators & Simulations Earthquake Phase Arrival Time Electric Sounding - Response of a Subsurface Mode Reftek Das Memory Usage Seismographs ~ Seismometers & Seismometer Calibration

Seismology CURRENT SEISMOLOGY ACTIVITY CURRENT EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY WORLD WIDE - USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP), U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Earthaquake Activity Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP) CURRENT EARTHQUAKE REPORT WORLD WIDE - Geography, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh Multimedia Earthaquake Activity Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see The World-Wide Earthquake Locator or Geography CURRENT GLOBAL EARTHQUAKES - Swiss Seismological Service Multimedia Earthaquake Activity Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Swiss Seismological Service IRIS SEISMIC MONITOR - Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Multimedia Earthaquake Activity Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Earthquakes or the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology SEISMOLOGY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES EARTHQUAKE AND SEISMIC-RELATED TERMINOLOGY (QUICKTIME) - Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Seismology Glossary & Seismology Lessons (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Glossary of Hazards, Features, Phenomena, Processes, Events, Topics, & Terminology or the Cascades Volcano Observatory SEISMOLOGY DATABASES Tectonic Strain, Lithospheric Strain, etc. Databases PLATE BOUNDARY OBSERVATORY - UNAVCO, Inc. Multimedia Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO), "...part of the EarthScope project that is funded by the National Science Foundation, studies the three-dimensional strain field resulting from active plate boundary deformation across the Western United States..." For more information see UNAVCO, Inc. WORLD STRESS MAP PROJECT - Project Director: F. Wenzel, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Geophysical Institute, University Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Multimedia Tectonic Stress Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENISVE. World Stress Map (WSM) "is the global repository for contemporary tectonic stress data from the Earth's crust..." World Stress Map's main operational areas for stress in application are Basin Modelling; Tectonic Modelling; Reservoir Management; Stability of Mines, Tunnels and Boreholes, Fault Slip Tendency & Seismic Risk Assessment..." For more information see the Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften (Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities) or the Geophysikalisches Institut (Institute of Geophysics) USGS Earthquake Databases EARTHQUAKE DATABASES WORLD WIDE - National Earthquake Information Center, USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP), USGS Multimedia Earthquake Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Earthquake Intensity, Strong Motion, etc. Databases EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY DATABASE - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA, Department of Commerce Multimedia Earthquake Intensity Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Earthquake Databases; NGDC Natural Hazards Data or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) SIGNIFICANT EARTHQUAKE DATABASE - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Multimedia Earthquake Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Earthquake Databases; NGDC Natural Hazards Data or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) STRONG MOTION DATABASE - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Multimedia Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Earthquake Databases; NGDC Natural Hazards Data or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Earthquake Engineering Databases NATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICE FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING (NISEE) - NISEE, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Earthquake Databases, Lessons, Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering (NISEE) includes "...Earthquake Engineering Abstracts; University Engineering Reports; NISEE eBooks; Structural Engineering Slide Library; Kozak Historical Image Collection; EQIIS Image Database; Strong Ground-Motion Database, etc..." SEISMOLOGY SEMINARS USGS EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS TEAM SEMINAR SERIES (WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Northern California Earthquake Hazards Program, USGS Multimedia Earthquake Seminars (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Resources or the Northern California Earthquake Hazards Program SEISMOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKES: EAS193 - C.J. Ammon, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University Multimedia Introduction to Earthquakes Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to Earthquakes" Course Chapters include "...Earth's Origin and Composition; Waves, Seismograms, and Seismometers; Seismc Waves and Earth's Interior; Plate Tectonics; Faults and Faulting; Earthquake Effects, Shaking; etc..." For more information see Charles J. Ammon's Home Page or the Department of Geosciences EARTHQUAKES & TECTONICS (EPS 324) - S.Stein & J.E. DeLaughter, Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University Multimedia Earthquakes & Tectonics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Earthquakes & Tectonics" Course Lectures include "...Seismometers; Travel Times in a Spherical Earth; Amplitudes of Seismic Waves; Focal Mechanisms; Waveform Modeling; Moment Tensors; Earthquake Geodesy; Relative Plate Motions; Spreading Centers; Subduction Zones; Continental Intraplate Earthquakes; etc..." For more information see Seth Stein's Home Page or the Department of Geological Sciences ELASTIC WAVE EXPLORATION SEISMOLOGY - CREWES EXPLORER PROGRAM CREWES EXPLORER PROGRAM (JAVA APPLETS) - Consortium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology Tools include "...acquisition, analysis and interpretation of multicomponent seismic data..." For more information see Consortium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES) or the Department of Geology and Geophysics Some examples from over "10" Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology Calculators & Applets include CREWES Zoeppritz Explorer CREWES Zoeppritz Explorer is "...a useful web-based applet that enables the user to visually 'explore' Zoeppritz equation solutions with various parameter inputs..." CREWES Reflectivity Explorer CREWES Reflectivity Explorer "...enables the user to view large number of AVO-related approximations to the P-P reflection co-efficient for any combination of earth properties..." CREWES AniZoeppritz Explorer CREWES AniZoeppritz Explorer "...lends insight into the realm of materials displaying vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) and horizontal transverse isotropy (HTI)..." CREWES Interface Parameter Calculator CREWES Interface Parameter Calculator is "...designed to be a convenient tool for converting data on interfaces between earth layers into various useful formats...." SEISMOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SEISMIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS EARTHQUAKE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS Earthquake Phase Arrival Time ARRIVAL TIME CALCULATOR - Earthquake Hazards Program, U.S. Geological Survery (USGS) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Earthquake Phase Arrival Time Calculator "...Generate a listing of the times that phases arrived at your seismic station from recent earthquakes..." For more information see Earthquake Hazards Program Electric Sounding - Response of a Subsurface Model ELECTRIC SOUNDING APPLET - P. Alberts, Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. Electric Sounding Calculator "...calculates the response of a subsurface model, interactively adjustable to fit the response to field observations..." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal Reftek Das Memory Usage REFTEK DAS MEMORY USAGE CALCULATOR - Portable Broadband Instrument Center (PBIC) (established by the Southern California Earthquake Center), and managed by the Institute for Crustal Studies (ICS), University of California Santa Barbara VERY EXTENSIVE. Reftek Das Memory Usage Calculator is for use with "...recorders maintained by the PBIC are Refraction Technology (Reftek) 16 and 24 bitdata loggers. Sensors consist of high output velocity transducers to record very small ground motion and force balance accelerometers designed to stay on-scale (up to +-2G) for the strong ground motion expected from very large earthquakes..." For more information see Lab: Experiment Related Items; Portable Broadband Instrument Center (PBIC) or the Institute for Crustal Studies (ICS) Seismographs MAKE YOUR OWN SEISMOGRAPH! - Nothern California Earthquake Data Center & the & UC Berkeley Seismographic Station VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Seismograph Calculator "...Using this form, you may create a seismogram for the station and channel of your choice..." For more information see Nothern California Earthquake Data Center or the UC Berkeley Seismographic Station Seismometers & Seismometer Calibration LONG PERIOD SEISMOMETER (JAVA APPLET) - P. Alberts, Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. Long Period Seismometer Calculator "...simulates an astatic vertical-seismometer/gravitymeter with Lacoste suspension (zero-length spring on the hypotenuse of a right triangle)." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal SEISMOMETER (JAVA APPLET) - Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. Seismometer Calculator "...simulates a seismometer's reaction on an adjustable ground movement w(t). The displacement x(t) of the mass relative to the chassis is calculated recursively..." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal SEISMOMETER CALIBRATION (JAVA APPLET) - Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. Seismometer Calibration Calculator "...simulates a field test of a seismometer Geotech Model S-13, to determine: (1) the natural frequency and damping, the two parameters,..." For more information see Principles of Operation of a Seismometer including Laplace Transform, Transfer Functions, Free Motion, & Parameter Determination; Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal

Tephrochronology Tephrochronology Databases TEPHRABASE: A TEPHROCHRONOLOGY DATABASE - Hosted by the School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, UK Multimedia Tephrochronology Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Tephrabase "...is a database of tephra layers found in Iceland, north-west and northern Europe, Russia and central Mexico. Details on the location, name, age and geochemistry of tephra layers are stored in the database, as well as information about relevant volcanoes and volcanic systems. A comprehensive reference database is also included..."

Tsunami

Current Tsunami Activity Tsunami Dictionaries & Glossaries ~ Tsunami Databases Tsunami Courses, Lectures, Movies, Animations & Modeling Tsunami Calculators & Simulations

Tsunami CURRENT TSUNAMI ACTIVITY Real-Time Buoy Data BUOY DATA IN REAL-TIME - COASTAL U.S., NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC, COASTAL CANADA, CARIBBEAN, COASTAL EUROPE, ETC. - National Data Buoy Center, National Weather Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Buoy Data Database includes Current Conditions & Previous Observations for: "...Wind Direction (WDIR); Wind Speed (WSPD); Wind Gust (GST); Wave Height (WVHT); Dominant Wave Period (DPD); Average Period Average Period (APD); Atmospheric Pressure (PRES); Pressure Tendency (PTDY); Air Temperature (ATMP); Water Temperature (WTMP); Wind Chill (CHILL)..." For more information see the National Weather Center DEEP OCEAN ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING OF TSUNAMIS (DART) - REAL-TIME DATA BUOY DATA FOR ALASKA, WESTERN CANADA, U.S. WEST COAST, HAWAII, NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC, U.S. EAST COAST, & CARIBBEAN - National Data Buoy Center, National Weather Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) Project is an ongoing effort to maintain and improve the capability for the early detection and real-time reporting of tsunamis in the open ocean..." For more information see National Data Buoy Center or the National Weather Center REAL TIME HAWAII BUOY DATA - National Data Buoy Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the National Data Buoy Center Tsunami Warning Bulletins & Messages TSUNAMI: PACIFIC OCEAN, HAWAII, INDIAN OCEAN, & PUERTO RICO AND THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS - Pacific Tsunami Waring System, Pacific Region Headquarters, National Weather Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Pacific Tsunami Waring System Database includes: "...Most Recent Event Message; Location Map; Tsunami Zone; etc., for Pacific Oceans, Hawaii, Indian Ocean & Puerto Rico & the U.S. Virgin Islands.." For more information see the Pacific Region Headquarters, Hawaii or the National Weather Center TSUNAMI - U.S. WEST COAST & ALASKA - West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, National Weather Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center or the National Weather Center JAPAN CURRENT TSUNAMI WARNING BULLETINS - Japan Meteorological Agency VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in Japanese & English. For more information see the Japan Meteorological Agency TSUNAMI DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES TSUNAMI TERMINOLOGY - Tsunami, NOAA Multimedia Tsunami Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Tsunami Basics or the Tsunami, NOAA TSUNAMI DATABASES TSUNAMI DATABASES - Tsunami Laboratory, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics (Computing Center), Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Multimedia Tsunami Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Tsunami Database includes "...On-line Pacific Tsunami Catalog, 47B.C. to present; On-line Atlantic Tsunami Catalog, 60B.C. to present; On-line Mediterranean Tsunami Catalog, 1628B.C. to present; etc..." For more information see Siberian Center for Global Catastrophes TSUNAMI EVENT DATABASE - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Multimedia Tsunami Event Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Tsunami Event Database "...The event database contains information on the tsunami such as the cause of the tsunami, the source location, the magnitude and intensity of the tsunami, etc..." For more information see NGDC Tsunami Databases; Tsunami Data at NGDC; Natural Hazards Data or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) HISTORICAL TSUNAMI DATABASE - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Multimedia Historical Tsunami Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Historical Tsunami Database "...provides information on tsunami source events and locations where effects from tsunamis were observed. It includes events from 2000 B.C. to the present in the the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; and the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas..." For more information see Tsunami Data at NGDC; NGDC Natural Hazards Data or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) TSUNAMI COURSES, LECTURES, MOVIES, ANIMATIONS, MODELING Tsunami Lectures & Simulations with Text, Images & Videos/Movies TSUNAMI LECTURES (QUICKTIME) - Steven N. Ward, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz Multimedia Tsunami Lectures (Text, Images, Simulations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Includes over "15" Tsunami Lectures & over "45" Tsunami Simulation Videos/Movies including: "...Impact Tsunami Simulation Movies; Landslide Tsunami Simulation Movies; Volcano Tsunami Simulation Movies; Earthquake Tsunami Simulation Movies; etc..." For more information see the Department of Earth Sciences Some examples of Tsunami Simulations include Landslide Tsunami Simulation Movies Alika-2 Tsunami Simulation - Hawaii Monterey Canyon Landslide Tsunami Simulation Earthquake Tsunami Simulation Movies EQ Tsunami Simulation: Monterey Bay California Cascadia EQ Tsunami Simulation 2004 Sumatra Tsunami Simulation (Peak Amplitudes) TSUNAMI ANIMATIONS (QUICKTIME) - Tsunami Research Center, Department of Civil & Enviromental Engineering, University of Southern California (USC) Multimedia Tsunami Animations (Text, Images, Simulations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Tsunami Animations Subject Categories include: "...California Tsunami Models and Animations; Visualizations of the Okushiri Tsunam; Field Surveys; etc..." For more information see Tsunami Research Center or the Department of Civil & Enviromental Engineering Some examples of Tsunami Simulations include California Tsunami Models and Animations California Tsunami Models and Animations includes "...Hypothetical Landslide Santa Cruz Basin; Hypothetical Southern California Seismic Source; Underwater landslide source, Santa Monica Bay; etc..." TSUNAMI LESSONS, RESEARCH STUDIES & ANIMATIONS - USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology, USGS Multimedia Tsunami Lessons, Research Studies & Animations (Text, Images & Videos/Movies) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Tsunami Lessons & Research Studies" include "...Life of a Tsunami; Preliminary Analysis of the April 2007 Solomon Islands Tsunami; Descriptive Model of the 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami; etc..." Examples of "Tsunami Animations" include "...Animation of the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean Local Tsunami; Panoramas of Damage in Sri Lanka after the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami; 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami: Earthquake Source; Animation of the Tsunami from the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake; etc..." For more information see Topics or USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology TSUNAMI MODELING USING THE MOST MODEL (QUICKTIME) - National Center of Tsunami Research, NOAA Multimedia Tsunami Simulations (Text, Images, Simulations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. MOST Model "...The MOST (Method of Splitting Tsunami) model, developed by Titov of PMEL and Synolakis of University of Southern California, is the standard model used at the NCTR. MOST is a suite of numerical simulation codes capable of simulating three processes of tsunami evolution: earthquake, transoceanic propagation, and inundation of dry land..." For more information see Modeling and Forecasting or the National Center of Tsunami Research Tsunami Risks in the Northeast Atlantic TSUNAMI RISK IN THE NORTHEAST ATLANTIC REGION - The Tsunami Risk Project, Natural Environment Research Council, Coventry University & the University College London, U.K. Multimedia Tsunami Risk in the Northeast Atlantic Region Manual (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Tsunami Risk Project TSUNAMI CALCULATORS & SIMULATIONS TSUNAMI SIMULATOR (JAVA APPLETS) - W. Bauer, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University Tsunami Simulation "...The point where you click above the sea level decides how high the initial pulse is. After that, watch how the tsunami hits the coast..." For more information see the Physics Applet Collection; Fun; Wolfgang Bauer's Home Pages or the Department of Physics and Astronomy Volcanology Current Volcano Activity Volcanology Dictionaries & Glossaries ~ Volcanology Databases Volcanology Courses, Lectures, etc. Volcanology Calculators & Simulations Volcanology CURRENT VOLCANO ACTIVITY U.S. VOLCANO ALERTS - USGS Multimedia U.S. Volcano Alerts (Text & Images). WEEKY VOLCANIC ACTIVITY REPORT - Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution & the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program Multimedia Current Volcano Activity (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Global Volcanism Program; VOLCANO WATCH - Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC), University of Wisconsin Multimedia Current Volcano Activity (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. UNDERSEA VOLCANO MONITORING - IN NEAR REAL-TIME - VENTS Program, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA Multimedia Undersea Valcono Monitoring (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Undersea Valcono Monitoring "...A near-real-time system which links instruments located in the caldera of an active submarine volcano, 1 mile underwater and about 250 miles off Oregon's coast, to the Internet..." For more information see VENTS Home Page; PMEL Research or the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA VOLCANOLOGY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES VOLCANO AND HYDROLOGIC HAZARDS, FEATURES, AND TERMINOLOGY (QUICKTIME) - Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Volcano Dictionary & Lessons (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Glossary of Hazards, Features, Phenomena, Processes, Events, Topics, & Terminology or the Cascades Volcano Observatory VOLCANOES: PHOTOGLOSSARY OF VOLCANIC TERMS - U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Volcano Dictionary & Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Volcanoes VOLCANOLOGY DATABASES VALCANOES OF THE WORLD - Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution & the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program Multimedia Volcano Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Global Volcanism Program VOLCANO DATABASE - NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Multimedia Volcano Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Volcano Database "...is a global listing of over 1500 volcanoes which includes information on the latitude, longitude, elevation, type of volcano, and last known eruption..." For more information see Valcano Data at NGDC; Natural Hazards or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA VOLCANOES - Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Volcano Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Cascades Volcano Observatory THE GLOBAL VOLCANIC EARTHQUAKE SWARM DATABASE - J. Benoit & S. McNutt, Alaska Volcano Observatory, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks Multimedia Volcanic Earthquake Swarm Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Global Volcanic Earthquake Swarm Database (GVESD) "...For the purpose of this report, a swarm is defined as many earthquakes of the same size occurring in a small volume...." For more information see the Alaska Volcano Observatory; Seismology or the Geophysical Institute VOLCANOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. VOLCANOES - R.I. Tilling, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Volcano Textbook (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see USGS Publications Examples from over "10" Volcano Textbook Chapters include Principal Types of Volcanoes Geysers, Fumaroles, and Hot Springs Submarine Volcanoes WHAT IS A GRANULAR MEDIUM - S. Dartevelle, Granular Volcano Group Multimedia Granular Medium Course (Text, Images, Animations & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Granular Flows "...are economically important phenomena, e.g., in pharmaceutical industry, corn flow in a silo, coal and flour in a bin,..." For more information see the Granular Volcano Group Examples of "Granular Medium Flow" Course Chapters include An Overview of Granular Theories A Review of Plastic-Frictional Theory Part. 1: Introduction, Mohr-Coulomb, and von Mises Stresses A Review of Plastic-Frictional Theory Part. 2: Plastic Potential Theory VOLCANOES: HAWAIIAN VOLCANOES - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survery Multimedia Volcano Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Volcano Lessons include When Lava Enters the Sea Lava-flow Hazard Zones VOLCANO PHOTO ARCHIVE: ALASKA - Alaska Volcano Observatory, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks Multimedia Volcano Photo Archive (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Alaska Volcano Observatory VOLCANO MONITORING: MONITORING ACTIVE VOLCANOES - R.I. Tilling, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Volcano Moitoring Lessons (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see U.S. Geological Survey VOLCANOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS VOLCANO CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS STROBOLIAN ERUTPTION SIMULATION - VOLCANO ERUTPTION SIMULATION - Volcano World, University of North Dakota & Oregon State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Strobolian Eruption Simulation Applet "...simulates the eruption of a volcano under different conditions..." Volcono Eruption Calculator INPUT Values include "...Gravity; Minimum Velocity; Maximum Velocity; Wind in X Direction; Minimum Angle; Opening; Particle Density; Particle Diameter; Volcano Type (Strobolian or Hawaiian)..." For more information see the Volcano World

Water Pollution WATER POLLUTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CONTAMINANT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN GROUNDWATER FROM A SLUG SOURCE 1-D CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN GROUNDWATER FROM A SLUG SOURCE (JAVA APPELT) - D. Nairn, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware VERY EXTENSIVE. 1-D Transport in Groundwater from a Slug Source INPUT Values include: "...Pollutant Source Concentration; Porosity; Interstitial Water Velocity; Retardation Coefficient; Dispersion Coefficient..." For more information see CIEG 337 - Environmental Engineering Laboratory or the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering POLLUTANTS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS POLLUTANT IN A POND SYSTEM CALCULATORS & APPLETS POLLUTANT IN A POND SYSTEM (JAVA APPLET) - M. Sabaev, Earth Science Educational Resource Center (ESERC), Stony Brook, State University of New York VERY EXTENSIVE. Pond Pollutant Calculator "...In this applet, you are provided with a representation of a pond with an inflow stream and an outflow stream..." Pond Pollutant Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Volume of the Pond; Initial Concentration of the Pollutant in the Pond; Concentration of the Pollutant in the Inflow Stream; Rate of Flow of both the Input and Output Streams; Decay Rate of the Pollutant in the Pond in Proportion of the Total Amount Per Day..." For more information see Project Java or the Earth Science Educational Resource Center (ESERC) POLLUTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATER BY PHOSPHORUS CALCULATORS & APPLETS THE IOWA PHOSPHORUS INDEX CALCULATOR (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Iowa NRCS and the Electronic Field Office Technical Guide, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), USDA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. The Iowa Phosphorus Index Calculator "...reflects conditions that predominate under grain-crop production systems, considers source factors in a multiplicative manner within three main transport mechanisms, and approximates loads of P likely to enter and become available to aquatic ecosystems. The Iowa P Index was developed in 2001, and was modified in 2004 to include support for an additional soil P test and to use the latest revision of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE2). An erosional component considers sheet and rill erosion from RUSLE2, P enrichment, total soil P, filter strip..." For more information see Iowa Engineering Index; Iowa Engineering Index; Iowa NRCS Technical Resources; Iowa NRCS or the Electronic Field Office Technical Guide WATER CHEMISTRY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS TRILINEAR PLOTS FOR WATER CHEMISTRY TRILINEAR PLOT: TRILINEAR PLOTS FOR WATER CHEMISTRY (JAVA APPLET) - Albatross Consulting Pty. Ltd., Victoria, Australia Trilinear Plots for Water Chemistry "...is useful for creating the kind of trilinear plots used in hydrological analysis. Data can be entered in PPM or MEq, and..." For more information see Albatross Consulting

Water Quality WATER QUALITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS REAL-TIME SURFACE-WATER, GROUND-WATER AND WATER-QUALITY WATER QUALITY CONTROL - E.E. Adams, Water & Sanitation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Water and Wastewater Technology Course (Text & Images). Water Quality Control Course "...emphasizes mathematical models for predicting distribution and fate of effluents discharged into lakes, reservoirs, rivers, estuaries, and oceans. It also focuses on formulation and structure of models as well as analytical and simple numerical solution techniques..." Water Quality Control Lecture Topics include: "...Molecular Diffusion; Turbulent Diffusion; Spatial Averaging; Estuarine Mixing; Reactor Vessels; Initial Mixing; Sediment-Water Exchange; Water Quality Models; etc..." For more information see E. Eric Adams's Home Page; Water & Sanitation; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Civil & Environmental Engineering Courses or MIT OpenCourseWare FIELD MANUAL FOR THE COLLECTION OF WATER-QUALITY DATA - F.D. Wilde, et al., Office of Water Quality, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data "...The development and use of a National Field Manual is necessary to achieve consistency in the scientific methods and procedures used, to document those methods and procedures, and to maintain technical expertise. USGS field personnel use this manual to ensure that the data collected are of the quality required to fulfill our mission..." Examples of "Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data" Chapters include "...Preparations for Water Sampling; Selection of Equipment for Water Sampling; Cleaning of Equipment for Water Sampling; Collection of Water Samples; Processing of Water Samples; Biological Indicators; etc..." For more information see the Water Resources of the United States LAKE MONITORING FIELD MANUAL - Authors: M.B. Nevers & R.L. Whitman, Lake Michigan Ecological Research Station, U.S. Geological Survery & Hosted by the Office of Water Quality, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Lake Monitoring Field Manual - PDF, 92 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Lake Monitoring Field Manual "...Lake monitoring has become an essential part of lake management due to increased human populations and the associated increase in pollution threats. The varieties of monitoring techniques are numerous. These range from tests that can be performed occasionally by those with little training to full-scale, professional analyses of the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of a lake ecosystem..." Examples of "Lake Monitoring Field Manual" Chapters include "...Principles of Monitoring Design; Limnology; Lake Parameters; Pre-sampling Decisions; Field Sampling; After Field Sampling; Limnology Terms and Concepts..." For more information see the Water-Quality Information - Field Procedures or Water Resources of the United States REAL-TIME SURFACE-WATER, GROUND-WATER AND WATER-QUALITY FOR U.S. - Water Resources of the U.S., U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Water Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. USGS Water Databases "...provide access to water-resources data collected at approximately 1.5 million sites in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico..." USGS Water Databases include: Real-time Data "... Current-conditions data transmitted from selected surface-water, ground-water, and water-quality sites.." Surface Water "...Water flow and levels in streams, lakes, and springs..." Ground Water "...Water levels in wells..." Water Quality "...Chemical and physical data for streams, lakes, springs, and wells..." For more information see Water Resources of the U.S. GROUND WATER ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Ground Water Atlas (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ground Water Atlas "...describes the location, the extent, and the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the important aquifers of the Nation..." For more information see USGS Maps or Geological WATER QUALITY MONITORING: WATER QULAITY INDICATORS - CALCULATORS - Friends of Five Creeks VERY EXTENSIVE. Calculators are located at bottom of each page. For more information see Friends of Five Creeks Some examples from over "10" Water Quality Monitoring Calculators include Conductivity to Salinity Conversion Calculator Dissolved Oxygen Calculator Convert pH to water quality index Calculator Turbidity Calculator Convert total phosphate (ppm) to water quality index Calculator ALKALINITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ALKALINITY CALCULATOR - S. Rounds, Water Resources of Oregon, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Alkalinity Calculator "...will analyze the titration curve and calculate the alkalinity or acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of your sample using one or more of several different methods, including: Inflection point method; Fixed endpoint method; Theoretical carbonate titration curve method 1 & 2; Gran function plot method; Calculation of alkalinity, hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate..." For more information see Water Resources of Oregon, USGS ALKALINITY CALCULATOR (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, NC State University and North Carolina A&T State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Alkalinity Calculator "...allows growers to calculate the amount of acid to inject to neutralize alkalinty in irrigation water. Users can select either an endpoint pH or endpoint alkalinity concentration. The spreadsheet gives..." For more information see Commercial Floriculture Software; Floriculture; Horticulture or the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service GRAN PLOT SPREADSHEET: MEASURING ALKALINITY (GRAN PLOT TECHNIQUE) (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Water Industry Operators Association (WIOA), Shepparton, Victoria, Australia Gran Plot Measuring Alkalinity using the Gran Plot Technique Calculator. For more information see Operator Resources or the Water Industry Operators Association (WIOA) AMMONIA-NITROGEN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FREE AMMONIA-NITROGEN CALCULATOR - J.E. Alleman, Environmental and Hydraulic Engineering Area, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University Multimedia Free Ammonia-Nitrogen Lessons, Publications, Technical Reports & Calculators (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Free ammonia (NH3-N) and ionized-ammonia (NH4+-N) "...represent two forms of reduced inorganic nitrogen which exist in equilibrium depending upon the pH and temperature of the waters in which they are found. Of the two, the free ammonia form is considerably more toxic to organisms such as fish and, therefore, we pay considerable attention to the relative concencentration of this particular contaminant. Lastly, this free ammonia is a gaseous chemical, whereas the NH4+ form of reduced nitrogen is an ionized form which remains soluble in water..." Free Ammonia-Nitrogen Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Total (NH3+NH4)-Nitrogen Concentration; pH; Temperature..." For more information see J.E. Alleman's Home Page or the School of Civil Engineering WATER & WASTEWATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FOR WATER & WASTEWATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SEE WATER/WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAS SATURATION IN WATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAS SATURATION IN WATER CALCULATORS - H. Bührer,Switzerland VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gases in the Gas Saturation in Water Calculators include: "...Hydrogen; Deuterium; Helium; Neon; Argon; Krypton; Xenon; 222Rn; Oxygen; Nitrogen; N2O; NO; CO; CO2; SO2; Chlorine; Cl2O; ClO2; Ethane; Propane; Butane; H2Se; H2S; CH4; etc..." For more information see Heinrich Bührer's Home Page Examples of Gas Saturation in Water Calculators include Oxygen Saturation Calculator Oxygen Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Oxygen; Altitude; Saturation Percentage..." Nitrogen Saturation Calculator Nitrogen Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Nitrogen; Altitude; Saturation Percentage..." Gas Saturation Calculator Gas Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Percentage of Gas (Hydrogen, Argon, etc.); Altitude; Saturation Percentage..."

GROUNDWATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS & COURSES GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY - C.F. Harvey, Water & Sanitation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Graduate Groundwater Hydrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Graduate "Groundwater Hydrology" Course Lectures include "...Aquifers, Porosity, and Darcy's Law; Groundwater/Surface Water Interactions; Pump Test Analysis; Solute Transport in Groundwater; Soil Moisture; etc..." For more information see Charles F. Harvey Home Page; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Civil & Environmental Engineering Courses or the MIT OpenCourseWare GROUNDWATER CALCULATOR (GROUNDWATER 1) - S. Parson, Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET), Penn State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Groundwater flow "...is a more complex process than surface runoff...To determine groundwater flow, one also needs to know evapotranspiration (water uptake from plants and evaporation) and groundwater aquifer geology..." Groundwater Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Seasonal Weather; Soil Texture; Month; GW Discharge Rate; Land Cover..." Groundwater Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Runoff to Streams; Groundwater Discharge to Streams; Evapotranspiration; Ground Storage Change; Snow Pack Change..." For more information see Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET) GROUNDWATER MODELING - Earthward Consulting, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Groundwater Modeling Calculators include: "...Molecular Diffusion Calculator; Dispersivity Calculator; Fluid Density Calculator; Waste Injection Well Plume Calculator..." For more information see Earthward Consulting Examples of Groundwater Calculators include Dispersivity Calculator Dispersivity Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Injection Rate; Duration; Formation Thickness; Formation Porosity..." Waste Injected Plume Calculator Waste Plume Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Injection Rate; Duration; Formation Thickness; Formation Porosity; Dispersivity..." INTERACTIVE MODELS FOR GROUNDWATER FLOW AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT (JAVA APPLETS) - A.J. Valocchi, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Groundwater Flow & Solute Transport Calculators include: "...Non-reactive and Reactive Diffusive Transport Calculator; 1D Non-reactive and Reactive Solute Transport Calculator; Multidimensional Non-reactive and Reactive Solute Transport Calculator; 2D Steady Flow in Homogeneous Aquifers with Particle Tracking Calculator; 2D Steady Flow in Heterogeneous Aquifers with Particle Tracking Calculator..." For more information see Albert J. Valocchi's Home Page; Hydrosystems Lab or the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering LANGELIER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LANGELIER SATURATION INDEX CALCULATORS & APPLETS RTW CORROSIVITY INDEX CALCULATOR - Author: Bob Clement, USEPA & hosted by the American Water Works Association VERY EXTENSIVE. RTW Corrosivity Index Calculator "...calculates two useful corrosion indices: the Langelier Saturation Index, and the Ryznar Stability Index. Each can be independently used to determine the corrosive nature of a given influent water..." For more information see Small Systems; Water Science and Engineering; Professional and Technical Resources or the American Water Works Association LANGELIER SATURATION INDEX (LSI) CALCULATOR - Environmental Test Systems, Inc. Langelier Saturation Index Calculator INPUT Values include: "...pH; Temperature; Alkalinity; Cyanuric Acid; Calcium Hardness; Total Dissolved Solids..." For more information see Pool Calculators or Environmental Test Systems, Inc. LANGELIER SATURATION INDEX (LSI) CALCULATOR - CST Industries, Inc. Langelier Saturation Index Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; pH; TDS; Ca; Alkalinity..." For more information see Tools or CST Industries MONITORING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WATER QUALITY MONITORING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS TURBIDITY THRESHOLD CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Turbidity is "...an optical measure of the number, size, shape, and color of particles in suspension..." Turbidity Threshold Sampling "...collects physical samples that are distributed over a range of rising and falling turbidities...The resulting set of samples can be used to accurately determine suspended sediment loads by..." For more information see Guidelines for Setting Turbidity Thresholds; How Turbidity Threshold Sampling Works; Turbidity Threshold Sampling; Research Topics: Water and Watersheds; Research Topics; Pacific Southwest Research Station or the USDA Forest Service RESERVOIR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LAKE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS STREAM CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FLOW BETWEEN TWO RESERVOIRS (JAVA APPLET) - F. Hellweger, D.R. Maidment & B. Adams, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas VERY EXTENSIVE. Flow Between Two Reservoirs "...A fluid flow system between two reservoirs is presented in an applet called Visiflow, and the user has a number of options about the connection between the reservoirs..." For more information see Ferdi Hellweger - WWW Educational Tools; Ferdi Hellweger's Home Page or the Department of Civil Engineering LAKE BUDGET ESTIMATOR - E. Holzbecher, Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany VERY EXTENSIVE. Lake Budget Calculator "...calculates one missing term in a lake's long-term water balance..." For more information see Ekkehard Holzbecher's Home Page or the Department of Ecohydrology GAS SATURATION CALCULATOR FOR STREAMS - H. Bührer, Switzerland VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Saturation Calculator for Streams INPUT Values include: Select one of the Gases: "...Hydrogen, Deuterium, Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, 222Rn, Oxygen, Nitrogen, N2O, NO, CO, CO2, SO2, Chlorine, Cl2O, ClO2, Ethane, Propane, Butane, H2Se, H2S, & CH4..." Input Temperature, Air Pressure or Saturation Percentatge; etc. For more information see Calculators or Heinrich Bührer's Home Page NUTRIENT CALCULATORS (NUTRIENT 1) - S. Parson, Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET), Penn State University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Nutrient Calculators "...use a combination of factors from the previous calculators and a new waste water factor. Dissolved nutrients are strongly tied to factors which affect runoff and stream flow..." Load Average Year Nutrient Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Land Cover; Soil Texture; Slope; Length along Slope; Groundwater Aquifer; Waste Water..." Load Dry Year Nutrient Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Land Cover; Soil Texture; Slope; Length along Slope; Groundwater Aquifer; Waste Water..." Load Wet Year Nutrient Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Land Cover; Soil Texture; Slope; Length along Slope; Groundwater Aquifer; Waste Water..." For more information see Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET) Water Runoff WATER RUNOFF DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. WATERSHED DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. EDNA WATERSHED ATLAS - Elevation Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA), Geospatial Information Office (GIO), Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS), National Geospatial Program, USGS Multimedia Watershed Atlas (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. EDNA Watershed Atlas "...contains watershed characteristics for major named rivers of the contiguous U.S. including maps, images, legends, and statistics derived from the EDNA Watershed Characteristics model..." For more information see Elevation Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA); Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS) or the National Geospatial Program ESTIMATING SURFACE WATER RUNOFF (JAVA APPLET) - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Surface Water Runoff Calculator "...uses the conceptual framework of computational science - application, algorithm, and architecture..." Surface Water Runoff Calculator INPUT Values include: Cover Type "...Brush; Desert Shrub; Dirt Road; Farmsteads; Gravel Road; Herbaceous; Meadow; Oak Aspen; Open Urban Space; Parking Lots; Pasture; Paved Street With Curb; Paved Street with Open Ditch; Pinyon Juniper; Residential; Sagebrush; Woods; & Woods with Grass..." Hydrologic Condition; Soil Condition; Type of storm; Duration of storm. For more information see Surface Water Runoff Home Page; Master Tools or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. RUNOFF CALCULATOR (RUNOFF 1) - S. Parson, Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET), Penn State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Runoff Calculator "...The two main things that control runoff is the land cover and the soil. Runoff and infiltration do a balancing act..." Runoff Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Amount of Rain; Land Cover (Forest, Pasture, Row Crops, etc.); Soil Infiltration Rate (Sand, Silt, Clay); Soil Moisture (Dry, Moist, Wet)..." For more information see Internet Watershed Educational Tool (InterWET) WATER RUNOFF CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SHORT-TERM & LONG-TERM HYDROLOGIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT WATER RUNOFF: SHORT-TERM & LONG-TERM HYDROLOGIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT (L-THIA) DETAILED INPUT - Urban Sprawl Hydrologic Impact, Schools of Engineering, Agricultural & Biological Engeering, Purdue University & the Construction Engineering Research Laboratories Division of the US Army Corps of Engineers VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Impacts of Land Use Change on Water Resources Water Runoff: Short-Term Impact Assessments Tools "...Includes four different tools: SedSpec, Rational Method, TR-55 & Database Frontend..." Water Runoff: Long-Term Impact Assessments Tools "...This tool uses the land use and a soil characteristic from the user along with thirty years of precipitation data to determine the average impact that a particular land use change or set of changes..." Water Runoff Tools INPUT Values include: By State; By County; Area in "...Acres, Hectares, Km2, Mi2..." Land Use "...Commercial; Industrial; Residential; Open Spaces; Parking/Paved Spaces; Water/Wetlands; Grass/Pasture; Agriculture; Forest; Custom Land Use..." Hydrologic Soil Groups..." For more information see Web-Based GIS and Decision Support Systems for Hydrological/Water Quality Impact Analysis or the College of Engineering WATER EROSION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WEPP MODEL: WATER EROSION PREDICTION PROJECT - National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory (NSERL), Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture & located at Purdue University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Water Erosion Prediction (WEPP Model) "...a computer simulation that predicts soil erosion..." For more information see the National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory (NSERL) Water Erosion Prediction Calculators that Predict Soil Erosion include Basic Hillslope Profile Calculator Basic Hillslope Profile Calculator allows you to "...run a single landuse, single soil WEPP hillslope simulation..." Hillslope with Filter Strip at Bottom Calculator Hillslope with Filter Strip at Bottom Calculator allows you to "...add a different landuse area at the bottom of a hillslope..." Strip Cropping Calculator Strip Cropping Calculator allows you to "...use alternating crops down a hillslope..." Water Erosion Prediction Worksheet Calculator Water Erosion Prediction Worksheet Calculator allows you to "...run multiple simulations to see effects of landuse changes..."

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