MARTINDALE'S CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER SCIENCE: A-Z ARCHAEOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY

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Arabic/Islamic ARABIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ISLAMIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HIJRI CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GREGORIAN-HIJRI DATES CONVERTER - T. Al-Rabiah, Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsbourgh The Hijri Date "...is the Islamic calendar. It started in the moon year in which prophet Mohammed immigrated from Makkah to Madinah..." Gregorian Calender Calculator "...converts Gregorian Dates to Hijri Dates..." Hijri Calender Calculator "...converts Hijri Dates to Gregorian Dates..." For more information see Tawfig Al-Rabian's Home Page GREGORIAN-HIJRI DATE CONVERTER - IslamiCity.com Gregorian Calender Calculator "...converts Gregorian Dates to Hijri Dates..." Hijri Calender Calculator "...converts Hijri Dates to Gregorian Dates..." For more information see IslamiCity.com Aztec AZTEC CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS THE AZTEC CALENDAR CALCULATOR - R. Voorburg & W. Horden The Aztec Date Calendar Calculator "...shows the name of the year (the xihuitl in Nahuatl, the language of the Mexica or Aztecs), the name of the 13-day 'week' (trecena in Spanish) and the name and number of the day (tonalli) in the tonalpohualli, 260-day ritual daycount. Further, the Lord of the Night, the day in the 365-day calendar (the xiuhpohualli) and the (Mayan) Long Count are shown..." Chinese CHINESE CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHINESE CALENDAR CONVERTER - China News Digest International, Inc. (CND) Chinese Calendar Converter Calculators & Tools include: "...Chinese Calendar; Solar to Lunar Calendar Conversion Calculator; Non-leap-month Lunar to Solar Calendar Conversion Calculator; Leap-month Lunar to Solar Calendar Conversion Calculator; etc..." For more information see CND 2,000 YEAR CHINESE-WESTERN CALENDAR CONVERTER - Academic Computer Center, Taiwan In Chinese. WESTERN-CHINESE CALENDAR CALCULATOR - E.E. Peterson VERY EXTENSIVE. Western-Chinese Calendar Converter Calculator input values include: Western Date "...Day of Week, Month, Day, Year, Era..." Chinese Date "...Dynasty, Ruler, Reign, Year, Month, Leap Year?, Day..." Year Cycle; Zodiac Sign; Month Cycle; Lunar Calendar Festival; Day Cycle: Western to Chinese Date & Chinese Date to Western..." For more information see Online Chinese Tools Egyptian EGYPTIAN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & DATABASES EGYPTOLOGY: PYRAMIDS AND TEMPLES - M. Millmore, U.K. Multimedia Pyramids & Temples Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Egyptology: Pyramids and Temples "...you will find information on pyramids and temples, which includes computer-generated reconstructions of what the pyramids and temples might have looked like when they were first built. There are also many interactive ground plan maps, photos, paintings and drawings..." For more information see Mark Millmore's Ancient Egypt Examples of Pyramids & Temples Teaching Modules include Temple of Karnak Temple of Luxor Madinat Habu - The Temple of Rameses III SITE PLAN OF KAFIRKOT (INTERACTIVE) - M. Meister, History of Art Department, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania For more information see History of Art THE STEP PYRAMID COMPLEX OF DJOSER/ZOZER (INTERACTIVE) - H. Pittman & J. Treat, History of Art Department, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania For more information see History of Art THE TOMB OF SENNEFERI - N. Strudwick, Newton Institute, University of Cambridge, U.K. Multimedia Tomb of Senneferi Teaching Modules (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. The Tomb of Senneferi "...is one of the 'Tombs of the Nobles' on the West Bank at Luxor in Egypt...." For more information see Egyptology Resources Examples of "The Tomb of Senneferi" Teaching Modules include Architecture Wall Paintings

Indian (India) INDIAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS INDIAN CIVIL CALENDAR - CALENDAR CONVERTER (ADOPTED FROM FORMILAB'S CALENDAR CONVERTER) - CalendarHome.com, Greater Online Marketing, LLC The National Calendar of India is composed of 12 months. The first month, Caitra, is 30 days in normal and 31 days in leap years. This is followed by five consecutive 31 day months, then six 30 day months..." Years in the Indian Calendar "...are counted from the start of the Saka Era, the equinox of March 22nd of year 79 in the Gregorian calendar, designated day 1 of month Caitra of year 1 in the Saka Era..." For more information see CalendarHome.com Japanese JAPANESE CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHRISTIAN YEAR TO JAPANESE ERA CONVERTER - Meiji Taisho Showa Heisei, Japan VERY EXTENSIVE. Christian Year to Japanese Era Calculator "...Converts Christian Year to Japanese Era and visce versa..." For more information see Furu's Home Page Jewish - Hebrew JEWISH CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HEBREW CALENDAR CALCULATORS & APPLETS HEBREW CALENDAR - P.D. Asimow, Experimental Petrology Group, Geological and Planetary Sciences Division, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) VERY EXTENSIVE. With the Hebrew Calendar you "...can input dates or date ranges either in Gregorian or Hebrew form; any date in the Common Era will work (i.e, after Gregorian Year 2 or Hebrew Year 3760)..." The Hebrew Calendar will also "...return all the festivals during the specified period..." For more information see Paul D. Asimow's Home Page; Paul D. Asimow's Faculty Home Page; Experimental Petrology Group or the Geological and Planetary Sciences Division JOS CALENDAR CONVERSION - M. Tobias & B.I. Kouchel, JewishGen, Inc JOS Calendar Converter Calculator "...can convert a civil (Gregorian calendar) date into the equivalent date on the Hebrew calendar, and vice versa. It can also display Yahrzeit dates for consecutive years..." For more information see JOS - JewishGen Calculator or JewishGen JOS JEWISH FESTIVAL DATES - M. Tobias & B.I. Kouchel, JewishGen, Inc JOS Jewish Holiday Calendar Calculator "...can display a list of all Jewish holidays for any year - a civil year (Gregorian calendar) or a Jewish year (Hebrew calendar)..." For more information see JOS - JewishGen Calculator or JewishGen ZEMANIM (HALACHIC TIME OF DAY) CALCULATOR - Scharf Associates Zemanim Calculator "...Computes Alos HaShachar, Sunrise, Sunset, Sof Zeman K'rea Sh'ma, Plag HaMincha, Tzait hakochavim, etc..." For more information see Kashrut.com

Lufkan LUFKAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LUFKAN CALENDAR - CALCULATOR - M. Bulmer, Department of Mathematics, University of Queensland, Australia The Lufkan Calendar "...is based on cycles of lunar months, the lunta. These lunta are arranged in sequences of five each, known as zarsa. There are different names for the zarsa corresponding to the number of days in each of the five lunta..." For more information see Kelsa Lufkan (Lufkan Culture); Michael Bulmer's Home Page; Department of Mathematics or the University of Queensland, Australia Mayan - Mesoamerican MAYAN EPIGRAPHIC DATABASE JOHN MONTOGOMERY DICTIONARY OF MAYA HIEROGLYPHS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Author: John Montgomery, Hosted by the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. Multimedia Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyps (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). Available in English, Spanish & Maya Words and Syllables. John Montgomery’s Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs is "...a unique reference to the hieroglyphic writing of the ancient Maya that presents over 1,200 hieroglyphs and glyph compounds. Each entry includes the hieroglyph, phonetic transcription, Mayan equivalent, part of speech, and meaning. Entries are given in alphabetical order of their phonetic spelling. Multiple indices are..." For more information see Dictionaries or the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies (FAMSI) MAYA HIEROGLYPH DICTIONARY - Authors: Peter Mathews and Péter Bíró, Drawings by John Montgomery and Hosted by teh Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. Multimedia Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary (Text Images). Available in English, Spanish & Maya Words and Syllables. Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary "...provides translations and analyses of about 1,000 Maya hieroglyphic words and compounds, arranged in alphabetical order. Each entry will eventually include a picture of the hieroglyph as well as its transcription and a translation in English and Spanish. The Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary also provides analyses of the word or compound and cross-references to similar words and compounds..." For more information see Dictionaries or the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies (FAMSI) MAYAN EPIGRAPHIC DATABASE PROJECT - R.C. Alvarado, Institute of Advanced Technology in the Humanities and the Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mayan Epigraphic Database "...consists of a relational database of glyphs ("gnumbers"), images, phonetic values ("pvalues"), and semantic values ("svalues") according to the consensus among various American Mayanists (MacLeod and Reents-Budet 1994). Also present is the beginning of an archive of digitally transcribed Mayan texts..." MAYAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MESOAMERICAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MAYAN DATE CALCULATOR - Michielb, The Netherlands The Maya "...developed a sophisticated calendar. The ritual calendar that developed in Mesoamerica used a count of 260 days. This calendar gave each day a name, much like our days of the week. There were 20 day names, each represented by a unique symbol..." Mayan Data Calculator "...will give a long count, calendar round..." For more information see The Maya Astronomy Page or Michielb MESOAMERICAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MAYA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MEXICA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ZAPOTEC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AZTEC CALENDAR CONVERTER - Resonate View The Aztec Calendar Calculator "...as presented shows the name and number of the year (xiuhpohualli in Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs), the name of the 13-day week and the name and..." For more information see Aztec Calendars MESOAMERICAN CALENDARS - Resonate View Mesoamerican Calendar Calculator allows you to "...choose between the Mayan and Toltec (Aztec) Count, then enter date to convert..." For more information see Resonate View Persian PERSIAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS KHAYAM: A PERSIAN CALENDAR CALCULATOR - NetNative The Persian Calendar Calculator - Khayam Calculator "...allows you to convert the Jalaali and Gregorian calendars into each other. The first is official in Iran (and surrounding areas like Afghanistan, Central Asian Republics and Kurdish Mesopotamia) and the second in the west. The Jalaali calendar is named after Jalaal-ol-Din Malek-shaah-e Saljuqi by the great Iranian poet/mathematician Omar Khayyam who re-worked it in late fifth century hejri..." For more information see NetNative Vietnamese VIETNAMESE CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS VIETNAMESE LUNAR CALENDAR CONVERSION (JAVA APPLET) - Ho Ngoc Duc, Institute of Informatics, University of Leipzig, Germany Vietnamese Lunar Calendar Calculator "...displays a month of the Gregorian calendar with the corresponding dates of the lunar calendar used in Vietnam..." In History "...sometimes the country was divided and different calendars were used in different regions. The historical calendar takes that fact into account and prints an additional lunar day in the upper right corner whenever the calendars used in the different regions do not agree...." For more information see Ho Ngoc Duc's Homepage

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