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ASTROPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY & SPACE SCIENCE Astro-Physical Calculators & Astrophysics (HEASARC) Tools Astronomical Distances ~ Acceleration ~ Astrobiology Big-Bang, Nucleosynthesis, Stellar Evolution, Chemical Evolution Black Holes ~ Blackbody Radiation ~ Coordinates ~ Cosmology Dark Matter ~ Doppler Shift Earth Asteroid Viewers & Collision - Impact Effects Ephemeris ~ Energy Conversion ~ Extinction HF Transmitter Antennas ~ HR Diagram ~ Integrals ~ Ionosphere Jupiter ~ Magnetosphere ~ Modeling Space Physics NASA Cosmic Modeling Software NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Nuclear Properties ~ Orbital Mechanics ~ Planets, Sun, & Solar System Pulsar ~ Relativity ~ Satellites ~ Space Flight ~ Spectra Analysis Stars Nebula & Galaxies Astronomy, Astrophysics & Space Center (Courses, Databases, Journals, Video/Movies & Audio/Sound) Back to Astronomy, Astrophysics & Physics Calculators Center Calculators On-Line Center Home Page

Astro-Physical/Units SCIENTIFIC CALCULATORS & APPLETS RELATED CENTERS FOR SI UNITS, MORE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATORS, ETC., SEE UNIT CONVERSION, SI UNITS, SCIENTIFIC CALCULATORS ASTROPHYSICS (HEASARC) CALCULATORS & APPLETS HEASARC TOOLS: CALCULATORS - NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. HEASARC Web Tools are "...designed to assist scientists in their proposal and general data analysis efforts..." HEASARC Web Tool Categories include: "...General Tools; Multi-Mission Tools & Mission Tools..." For more information see NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC) Examples of Astrophysics Calculators & Astrophysics Tools include Object Position Finder, Coordinate Converter, and Separation Calculator Object Position Finder, Coordinate Converter, and Separation Calculator "...Use this form to convert individual names or positions..." nH Column Density nH Column Density "...Determine neutral Hydrogen column density by target coordinates..." X-Ray Background Tool X-Ray Background Tool "...alculate average X-ray background count rates from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey diffuse background maps..." WebSpec WebSpec "...can be used to simulate spectral data for a variety of X-ray missions/instruments..." xTime xTime "...Convert RXTE and Swift times to other time systems and formats and vice versa..." HEXTErock HEXTErock "...HEXTE cluster background positions on the sky..." ASTRO-PHYSICAL CALCULATORS & APPLETS ASTR0-PHYSICAL CALCULATOR - C. Dolan, Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Astro-Physical Calculator includes: Scientific, Technical, Programming and Logic functions Physical Constants "...Velocity of light; Planck constant; Gravitational constant; Electron charge; Mass of electron; Mass of proton; Mass of neutron; Mass of hydrogen; Avagadro's number; Boltzmann constant; Rydberg constant; etc..." Astronomical Constants "...Astronomical unit; Parsec; Light year; Solar mass; etc..." Planetary Data "...Mass; Radius; Period; Eccentricity; etc..." For more information see Java Applets & Javascript; Chris Dolan's Home Page or the Department of Astronomy PHYSICS POCKET COMPUTER (JAVASCRIPT) - Jean-Pol Vigneron, Départment of Physique, Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix de Namur, Belgium VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Départmnet of Physique Astronomical Distances ASTRONOMICAL/COSMIC DISTANCES CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ASTRONOMICAL DISTANCES - D.P. Hamilton, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland Astronomical Distances Calculator "...You are in a spaceship leaving Earth to explore the Universe! How fast do you want to travel?..." For more information see Astronomy Workshop Tools; Astronomy Workshop or the Department of Astronomy COSMIC DISTANCE SCALES - INTERACTIVE - M. Masetti & K. Mukai, High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), Exploration of the Universe Division (EUD), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmic Distance Scales "...will give an impression of how immense our Universe is by employing a method used many times in "Power of 10" films - that is, starting with an image of the Earth and then zooming out towards the furthest visible reaches of our Universe..." For more information see Education; High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC); Exploration of the Universe Division (EUD) or the Goddard Space Flight Center SOLAR SYSTEM DISTANCE CONVERTER - CALCULATOR - Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous, Johns Hopkins' Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University Solar System Distance Calculator "...Converts between km, miles, Astronomical Units, and light travel time..." For more information see Site Index or Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Acceleration ACCELERATION, TIME DILATION CALCULATORS & APPLETS CONSTANT PROPER-ACCELERATION CALCULATOR - P. Fraundorf, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri, St. Louis VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Constant Proper-Acceleration Calculator "...provides students with quantitative tools for dealing with time dilation, relativistic acceleration, and even curved space-time..." For more information see One-Frame Views of Unidirectional Motion; Phil Fraundorf's Home Page or the Department of Physics & Astronomy Astrobiology ASTROBIOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DRAKE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DRAKE CALCULATOR - F. Drake, SETI Institute Drake Calculator Calculates: "...the number of technological civilizations that may exist in our galaxy..." For more information see the Center for SETI Research or the SETI Institute

Big-Bang, Nucleosynthesis, Stellar Evolution, Chemical Evolution of Galaxies NUCLEOSYNTHESIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS STELLAR EVOLUTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES CALCULATORS & APPLETS STAR AND PLANET FORMATION (QUICKTIME) - M.R. Bate, Astrophysics Group, School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K. Multimedia Star and Planet Formation (Text, Images & Vides/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Astrophysics Group Some examples Star and Planet Formation Videos include Star Cluster Formation in 3D Star Cluster Formation in 3D "...takes my star cluster calculations to a new level, modelling the collapse and fragmentation of a 500 solar mass cloud..." The Formation of Clusters of Stars and Brown Dwarfs The Formation of Clusters of Stars and Brown Dwarfs Videos include: "...Original Calculation Video; Denser Cloud Video; Original Calculation vs Low Metallicity Video; Denser Cloud vs Different Power Spectrum Video; Different Turbulent Power Spectrum Video; etc..." STARS, NEBULAE, GALAXIES, ETC.: INTERACTIVE JAVA APPLETS FOR TEACHING OF ASTROPHYSICS - J. Köppen, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Stars, Nebulae, Galaxies, etc.: Java Applets for Teaching of Astrophysics "...This is a collection of Java applets written for teaching, creating exercises, allowing self-study and for use as small research tools. They aim to permit an interactive exploration of the behaviour of physical systems..." For more information see Joachim Köppen's Home Page or the Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg Some examples from over "40" Astrophysics Calculators include Plasma Diagnostics Plasma Diagnostics Calculator "... interprets the emission line spectrum of ionized gaseous nebulae: from the observed intensities of the lines, temperature, density, and the abundances of the elements in the nebula are derived. Also, given these values, the expected line intensities are synthesized..." Stellar Evolution Calculator - Stellar Evolutionary Tracks Calculator - Stellar Population Calculator Stellar Evolution Calculator - Stellar Evolutionary Tracks Calculator - Stellar Population Calculator "...shows the computed evolutionary paths of any star between 0.8 and 120 solar masses in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, as well as the isochrones, i.e. the locus of stars of any given age..." Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with detailed Nucleosynthesis Calculator Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with detailed Nucleosynthesis Calculator INPUT Values include: Model "...Type of Nucleosynthesis Mode Full Normal Mode; Closed Box, IRA, Analytical Solution; etc. Age of Galaxy; Number of Time Steps; Number of Stellar Masses; etc..." Galaxy "...Gas; Stars; Initial Z; Parameters of SFR; etc..." Simple Nucleo "...Locked-up Mass Fraction; Oxygen Yield; etc..." Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with Inflow of Metal-Poor Gas Calculator Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with Inflow of Metal-Poor Gas Calculator INPUT Values include: Galaxy with Gas Inflow INPUT Values: "...lg(a) is the instantaneous ratio of the accretion rate of the gas and the star formation rate; g(M/M0) is the current ratio of the total mass (gas plus stars) and the initial gas mass; lg(gas), lg(stars) are the masses in the form of gas and long-lived stars - including stellar remnants; lg(Z/y) is the metallicity of the gas for a primarily produced element, measured in terms of the true yield y; etc..." Constant dt; log(AR) Shift; etc. Chemodynamical Evolution of Galaxies Calculator Chemodynamical Evolution of Galaxies Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Parameters: sfrCon, sfrPwr, sfrTemp, TauStar, Eta, etc.; etc..." NUCLEOSYNTHESIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS (JAVA APPLET) - C.J. Hogan & Luis Mendoza, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington VERY EXTENSIVE. Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis "...refers to an exceptionally simple and beautiful model of the early universe. Matter and radiation are spatially uniform and the expansion is controlled by known fields with negligible chemical potentials, so the dynamics of the expansion and density as a function of time and temperature is determined by "just physics" with no external parameters... Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Calculator "...provides easy access to the precise predictions of SBBN including calibrated errors, as described by Fiorentini et al. (1998). This version (1.1) includes the predictions and errors for deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, and lithium-7 abundances..." Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Species: Deuterium, Helium 3, Helium 4 or Lithium; Uncertaintry: Off, 1 sigma, 2 sigma or 3 sigma; Plot: Linear Scale or Log Scale;..." For more information see Craig J. Hogan's Home Page or Department of Astronomy NUCLEOSYNTHESIS PROCESSES: PROTON - PROTON (PP) CHAIN - A. Font, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, University of Durham, U.K. Nucleosynthesis Processes: Proton - Proton (PP) Chain Calculators: "...Stars like our Sun generate energy by fusing Hydrogen into Helium. Several chain reactions are possible, depending on temperature in the center of the star. When this temperature is below 20 million K, the reactions take the proton - proton (PP) chain path..." For more information see Java Astro Lab: A Collection of Applets for Astronomy or Andreea Font's Home Page STELLAR EVOLUTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DARTMOUTH STELLAR EVOLUTION WEB SEVER (JAVA APPLETS) - B.C. Chaboyer & S. Schwarz, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Dartmouth College VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Stellar Evolution Calculator "...allows the user to calculate models for the evolution of stars. The user may view the results of the calculations graphically and/or access the calculated data files directly. The output includes..." For more information see Brian C. Chaboyer's Home Page or the Department of Physics & Astronomy STARBURST99 SIMULATION - Space Telescope Science Institute VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Click on "Run Your Own Starburst99 Simulation". The Starbust99 Simulation is "...a web based software and data package designed to model spectrophotometric and related properties of star-forming galaxies..." Starbust99 Calculator INPUT Values include: Star Formation Fixed Mass "...Total Stellar Mass..." or Continuous Star Formation: "...Star Formation Rate; Number of IMF Intervals; IMF Exponents; Mass Boundaries for IMF; Supernova Cut-Off Mass; Black Hole Cut-Off Mass..." Metallicity and Tracks "...Geneva Std., Geneva High, Padova Orig., or Padova AGB; Wind Model; Initial Time; Time Scale; Selected Tracks or All Tracks; etc..." Atmospheres and Spectra "...Time Step to Print Spectra; Atmosphere for the Low-Resolution Spectrum; Metallicity of the High-Resolution Spectrum; Library for the UV Line Spectrum; etc..." For more information see Starburst and Galaxy Evolution; Space Telescope Science Institute STELLAR EVOLUTION SIMULATION - T. Herter, Department of Astronomy, School of Arts & Sciences, Cornell University Stellar Evolutiong Simulation "...shows the evolution of a star in the H-R diagram..." For more information see Astronomy Simulations or Astronomy 101/103: The Nature of the Universe; Terry Herter's Home Page or the Department of Astronomy STELLAR EVOLUTIONARY TRACKS APPLET - A. Font, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, University of Durham, U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Stellar Evolution Tracks "...visualizes stellar evolution tracks, following the evolution of the star's Age, Luminosity, Radius and Effective Temperature..." Examples of Stellar Evolution Tracks include: "...M = 1 Msolar, Z = 0.001; M= 1 Msolar, Z = 0.100; M = 20 Msolar, Z = 0.004; M = 60 Msolar, Z = 0.100; M = 120 Msolar, Z = 0.004; etc..." For more information see Java Astro Lab: A Collection of Applets for Astronomy or Andreea Font's Home Page

Black Holes BLACK HOLES CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BLACK HOLES COURSES WTIH VIDEOS/MOVIES & AUDIO/SOUND EXPLORING BLACK HOLES: GENERAL RELATIVITY & ASTROPHYSICS (REAL PLAYER) - E. Bertschinger & E.F. Taylor, Department of Physics & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Physics Course: Exploring Black Holes: General Relativity & Astrophysics (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Exploring Black Holes: General Relativity & Astrophysics "...Study of physical effects in the vicinity of a black hole as a basis for understanding general relativity, astrophysics, and elements of cosmology. Extension to current developments in theory and observation. Energy and momentum in flat spacetime; the metric; curvature of spacetime near rotating and..." Examples of Exploring Black Holes: General Relativity & Astrophysics Video Lectures include: "...Einstein's Field Equations Video Lecture; Tracing Einstein's Development of the Special Relativity Theory Video Lecture; Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy Video Lecture; X-Ray Binaries and the Search for Black Holes Video Lecture; LIGO: Detecting Gravitational Waves Video Lecture; Cosmic Structure Formation; From Inflation to Galaxies Video Lecture; etc..." For more information see Exploring Black Holes: General Relativity & Astrophysics Home Page; Department of Physics; Physics Courses or MIT OpenCourseWare FALLING INTO A BLACK HOLE - A. Hamilton, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy (CASA) Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Multimedia Black Holes Course & Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Animations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Andrew Hamilton's Home Page or the Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy Examples from over "9" Black Holes Course Chapters include Chapter 1: Approaching the Black Hole Chapter 3: Falling to the Singularity of the Black Hole Chapter 5: Schwarzschild Geometry Chapter 6: White Holes and Wormholes Blackbody Radiation BLACKBODY RADIATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BLACKBODY RADIATION - R. Scharein, Astronomy, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. Blackbody Radiation Calculator "...shows Planck's energy density function for blackbody radiation..." For more information see Astronomy Applets; Rob Scharein's Home Page or the Department of Physics & Astronomy BLACKBODY RADIATION (JAVA APPLET) - K.M. Strom, Department of Astronomy. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA For more information see Blackbody Radiation Home Page; Courseware or the Department of Astronomy Coordinates COORDINATES CALCULATORS & APPLETS CONVERT EQUATORIAL TO GALACTIC COORDINATES - CALCULATOR - E.M. Murphy, FUSE - The Far Spectroscopic Explorer, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University & NASA Convert Equatorial to Galactic Coordinates INPUT Values include: "...Right Ascension; Declination; Epoch..." For more information see FUSE Planning Tools or FUSE - The Far Spectroscopic Explorer HEASARC TOOLS: CALCULATORS - NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. HEASARC Web Tools are "...designed to assist scientists in their proposal and general data analysis efforts..." HEASARC Web Tool Categories include: "...General Tools; Multi-Mission Tools & Mission Tools..." For more information see NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC) Examples of Astrophysics Calculators & Astrophysics Tools include Object Position Finder, Coordinate Converter, and Separation Calculator Object Position Finder, Coordinate Converter, and Separation Calculator "...Use this form to convert individual names or positions..." nH Column Density nH Column Density "...Determine neutral Hydrogen column density by target coordinates..." X-Ray Background Tool X-Ray Background Tool "...alculate average X-ray background count rates from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey diffuse background maps..." WebSpec WebSpec "...can be used to simulate spectral data for a variety of X-ray missions/instruments..." xTime xTime "...Convert RXTE and Swift times to other time systems and formats and vice versa..." HEXTErock HEXTErock "...HEXTE cluster background positions on the sky..." HELIOWEB - Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Multimedia Heliocentric Trajectories for Selected Spacecraft, Planets, and Comets Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Heliocentric Trajectories for Selected Spacecraft, Planets, and Comets: "...Positions are available in Solar Ecliptic (SE) and Heliographic (HG) (rotating and inertial) systems for 12 Spacecraft, 2 Planets and 8 Comets. They can be obtained at desired time period, time resolution..." For more information see Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) or the Goddard Space Flight Center Cosmology COSMOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COSMOLOGY MODELING CALCULATORS & APPLETS COSMOLOGY JAVALAB - C. Mihos, Department of Astronomy, Case Western Reserve University VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmology Calculator "...you can explore how the age and fate of the Universe depend on these factors, and how we can constrain cosmological..." For more information see Current Applets; Dynamical Astronomy JavaLab; Chris Mihos' Home Page or the Department of Astronomy COSMOLOGY CALCULATOR - C. Kobulnicky, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmology Calculator "...Enter fundamental cosmological parameters and get back useful physical parameters about objects in the distant universe..." Cosmology Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Redshift (z); H0; OmegaMatter; OmegaLambda; Luminosity..." Cosmology Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...Age of Universe at z; Lookback time to z; Angular Scale at z; Surface Brightness Factor; etc..." For more information see Chip Kobulnicky's Home Page or the Department of Physics & Astronomy COSMOLOGY CALCULATOR - A. Cappi, Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, and the Dipartimento di Astronomia, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmology Calculator "...calculates a number of useful quantities (distances, angles and lookback time) given a cosmological model and a redshift..." Cosmology Calculator INPUT Values include: "...H0; OmegaMatter; OmegaLambda; Redshift..." Cosmology Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...General properties of the model; Values for the chosen redshift: Luminosity Distance; Comoving Distance; Angular Distance; Length corresponding to 1 degree; etc..." For more information see Alberto Cappi's Home Page; Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna COSMOS CALCULATOR - S.M. Morgan, Department of Earth Science, University of Nothern Iowa Cosmology Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Matter Density (Omega); Cosmological Constant (Lambda); Hubble Constant (H); Redshift (z)..." For more information see Astronomical Javascript, Java Applet Resources; Siobahn M. Morgan's Home Page or the Department of Earth Science NED WRIGHT'S COSMOLOGY CALCULATOR - E. L. Wright, Division of Astronomy and Astrophysics, UCLA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmology Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Redshift (z); H0; OmegaMatter; Open sets Omegavac = 0 giving an open Universe; Flat sets Omegavac = 1-OmegaMatter giving a flat Universe; etc..." Cosmology Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...Age at Redshift z was; Light Travel Time was; Comoving Radial Distance is; Comoving Volume within Redshift z is; Angular Size Distance DA is; etc..." For more information see Cosmology; Edward L. Wright's Home Page or the Division of Astronomy and Astrophysics THE COSMOLOGISTS CALCULATOR - R. Scarpa, ESO - Santiago Facilities, Santiago, Chile VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmologist Calculator "...computes common quantities used in cosmology, like "luminosity distance" or "look back time", for any value of the Hubble constant H0 and the deceleration parameter q0. Function, however, are correct only for Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies in a matter dominated universe, whit the further restriction to models with cosmological constant equal to 0..." For more information see Riccardo Scarpa's Home Page or the ESO - Santiago Facilities

Dark Matter DARK MATTER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ABSORPTION LAW CALCULATORS & APPLETS ABSORPTION LAW CALCULATOR - D.L. Welch, Department of Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Absorption Law Calculator "...determines the total absorption at wavelengths between 0.10 and 3.33 um using the algorithm determined by Cardelli, Clayton, and Mathis (1989) [ApJ 345 245]..." For more information see Douglas L. Welch's Home Page or the Massive Compact Halo Objects (MACHO) Project Home Page, Canada Doppler Shift DOPPLER SHIFT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DOPPLER SHIFT CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - PEW's Corner, Denmarki Doppler Shift Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Transducer Velocity; Receiver Velocity; Wave Velocity..." For more information see PEW's Corner RELATIVISTIC DOPPLER EFFECT CALCULATOR - C.R. Nave, Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, Georgia State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Relativistic Doppler Effect Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Relative VelocitySource; Relative VelocityObserved; etc..." For more information see Relativistic Doppler Effect; HyperPhysics; Carl Rod Nave's Home Page; Department of Physics & Astronomy or Georgia State University DOPPLER EFFECT (JAVA APPLET) - J.M. Pearce & W. Christian, Department of Physics, Davidson College, North Carolina For more information see Physlets; WebPhysics or the Department of Physics Earth Asteroid Viewers, Collision - Impact Effects ASTEROID CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ASTEROID ORBIT VIEWERS CALCULATORS & APPLETS ASTEROIDS & COMETS ORBIT VIEWER - IN REAL-TIME - NASA'S Near-Earth Object Program, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Near-Earth Asteroid Collision Monitoring System includes "...Orbit Diagrams; Potentially Hazardous Asteroids; Orbital Elements; Earth Close Approaches; Earth Impact Risk; etc..." For more information see NASA'S Near-Earth Object Program EARTH IMPACT CALCULATORS & APPLETS EARTH IMPACT EFFECTS PROGRAM - R. Marcus, H.J. Melosh, & G. Collins, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Department of Planetary Sciences, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Earth Impact Effects Program "...an easy-to-use, interactive web site for estimating the regional environmental consequences of an impact on Earth. This program will estimate the ejecta distribution, ground shaking, atmospheric blast wave, and thermal effects of an impact as well as the size of the crater produced..." Earth Impact Effects Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Distance from Impact; Projectile Diameter & Density; Impact Velocity & Impact Angle; Target (Water; Sediment; Crystaline Rock);..." For more information see H. Jay Melosh's Home Page or the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory Ephemeris EPHEMERIS CALCULATORS & APPLETS EPHEMERIS GENERATOR - Solar System Dynamics Group, JPL VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ephemeris Calculator INPUT Values include: Ephemeris Type "...Observer Table; Vector Table or Orbital Elements..." Target Body "...Sun & Planets; Jovian Satellites; Spacecraft; etc..." Observer Location "...Geocentric; etc..." Time Span; Table Settings; Display/Output. Ephemeris Calculator output values include: Geophysical Data Geophysical Data of Planets "...Mean radius; Mass; Volume; Sidereal rot. period; Mean solar day; Mom. of Inertia; Core radius; Atmos. pressure; Mean Temperature; Density; etc..." Geophysical Data of Satellites "...Physical Properties (Radius; Mass; Density; etc.); Orbits (Semi-major axis; Orbital period; Rotational period; etc.)..." Ephemeris Results "...Target; Target radii; Center geodetic; Center cylindric; Center radii; Target primary; Interfering body; Deflecting body; R.A._(ICRF/J2000.0)_DEC; APmag; S-brt; delta; etc..." For more information see SSD-JPL; Observer's Tool Corner or Solar System Dynamics Group MARS EPHEMERIS GENERATOR - M. Showalter, Planetary Rings Node, Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, JPL & NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Rings Mode On-Line Tools; Planetary Rings Node or NASA's Planetary Data System Other Ephemris Calculators include Jupiter Ephemeris Generator Neptune Ephemeris Generator Saturn Ephemeris Generator Uranus Ephemeris Generator NEW OBJECT EPHEMERIS GENERATOR - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University VERY EXTENSIVE. New Object Ephemeris Generator "...generate ephemerides for your new objects prior to the assignment of official provisional designations..." For more information see IAU: Minor Planet Center or the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Energy Conversion ENERGY CONVERSION CALCULATORS & APPLETS MULTIPLEX ENERGY CONVERTER & DUAL ENERGY CONVERTER MULTIPLEX ENERGY CONVERTER & DUAL ENERGY CONVERTER - High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), NASA VERY EXTENSIVE. Multiplex Energy Calculator INPUT Values include: "...SI Prefixes; Constants; Energy, Frequency, Wavelength, electron Volts, T, me, or mp; ..." Dual Energy Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Convert to and from: Hz; Hertz; Wavelength; Angstrom; Ergs; J; eV; keV; MeV; K (Temp); etc..." For more information see Tools or the High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC) Extinction EXTINCTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION & GALACTIC EXTINCTION CALCULATOR - Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, & under contract the Office of Space Science, Research and Program Management Office, NASA VERY EXTENSIVE. Coordinate Transformation & Galactic Extinction Calculator "...an easy-to-use coordinate transformation, precession, and position angle calculator provided for your convenience..." Coordinate Transformation & Galactic Extinction Calculator INPUT Values include: "...System (Equatorial; Ecliptic; Galactic; or Super Galactic); Equinox; Observation Epoch; RA or Longitude; DEC or Latitude; etc..." For more information see NASA/IPAC Extragllactic Database (NED) Calculators; Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) or JPL GALACTIC DUST REDDENING & EXTINCTION CALCULATOR - NASA/IPAC InfraRed Science Archive (IRSA), Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, JPL & NASA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Galactic Dust Reddening and Extinction Calculator "...Computes the interstellar reddening for a line of sight and/or region of the sky, returning the corresponding 100 um intensity, reddening maps, region statistics and estimated Galactic extinction..." "...The user should beware that the technique is restricted by both spatial resolution limitations and assumptions that are used to derive the dust temperature along the line of sight..." For more information see IRSA or the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center THE LEIDEN/ARGENTINE/BONN GALACTIC H i SURVEY CALCULATOR - Radio Astronomy Department, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhemlms-Universität, University of Bonn VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn Galactic H i Survey "...contains the final data release of observations of λ21-cm emission from Galactic neutral hydrogen over the entire sky, merging the Leiden/Dwingeloo Survey..." & "...is intended to be a general resource useful to a wide range of studies of the physical and structural characteristices of the Galactic interstellar environment..." For more information see Tools or the Radio Astronomy Department, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie YORK EXTINCTION SOLVER (YES) - M.L. McCall, York University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The York Extinction Solver (YES) "...is a facility for evaluating the Galactic or localized extinction of any celestial body in any filter from any index of reddening..." York Extinction Solver Calculators include: Compute Optical Depth from Reddening Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Category (galaxies; galaxies_indef; nuclei; starclusters; stars); Axis Ratio; Rotational Velocity; Optical Depth Known; Systems (bessell; hts; johnson; pfuei; etc.); Filters (g, r, i or z; UX, BX, B, V, etc.); Filter Range; etc..." Compute Extinction from Optical Depth Calculator; Compute Extinction Coefficients Calculator..." High Frequency Transmitter Antennas HAARP HF TRANSMITTER PERFORMANCE CALCULATORS & APPLETS CALCULATE HAARP HF TRANSMITTER PERFORMANCE - High Frequency Active Auroa Research Program, Gakona, Alaska VERY EXTENSIVE. HAARP HF Transmitter Performance Calculator "...note that this calculation is based on ideal engineering assumptions and the results will represent the best performance that can be expected for the given array sizes"..." HAARP HF Transmitter Performance Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Array Size (Columns; Rows); Frequency; Ionospheric Layer..." For more information see High Frequency Active Auroa Research Program Hurtzsrung-Russell Diagram (HR Diagram) HERTZSRUNG-RUSSEL DIAGRAM CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HR DIAGRAM CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HERTZSRUNG-RUSSEL DIAGRAM AS RELATED TO STELLAR RADIUS AND TEMPERATURE THE HERTZSRUNG-RUSSEL DIAGRAM AS RELATED TO STELLAR RADIUS AND TEMPERATURE: CALCULATOR - L. Bogan, Department of Physics, Arcadia University, Nova Scotia, Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. The Hertzsrung-Russell Diagram (HR Diagram) as related to Stellar Radius and Temperature "...The HR Diagrams plots stellar brightness versus surface temperature: Luminosity vs. Surface Temperature; Absolute Magnitude vs. Color Index; Absolute Magnitude vs. Spectral Class..." For more information see Larry Bogan's Home Page Integrals INTEGRAL CALCULATORS & APPLETS INTEGRALS: THE INTEGRATOR - Wolfram Research, Inc VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Wolfram Mathematica Online Integrator "...The Power To Do Integrals As The World Has Never Seen Before..." Wolfram Mathematica Online Integrator "...is powered by webMathematica, so it expects input to be in Mathematica syntax. It can also parse many expressions when they are not in exactly the right form, so people who are unfamiliar with Mathematica syntax details will not usually encounter problems..." For more information see Wolfram Research, Inc Ionosphere IONOSPHERE CALCULATORS & APPLETS INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE CALCULATORS & APPLETS INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE - IRI-2007 - Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Multimedia International Reference Ionosphere - IRI-2007 (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. International Reference Ionosphere - IRI-2007 Calculator "...enables the computation and plotting of IRI parameters: electron and ion (O+, H+, He+, O2+, NO+) densities, total electron content, electron, ion and neutral (CIRA-86) temperatures, equatorial vertical ion drift and others..." For more information see Space Weather Models; Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) or the Goddard Space Flight Center Jupiter JUPITER CALCULATORS & APPLETS JUPITER EVENTS - CALCULATOR - Dan Bruton, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University & Midnight Kite Solutions VERY VERY EXTESNSIVE. Jupiter Events Calculator "...How to find Jupiter in the Sky & How to find the Great Red Spot..." For more information see Java; Midnight Kite Solutions or Dan Bruton's Home Page JUPITER'S MOONS CALCULATORS & APPLETS POSITIONS OF JUPITER'S MOONS (JAVA APPLET) - A. Peck Jupiter's Moons "...shows the positions of the four Galilean satellites of Jupiter, their shadows, and the great red spot..." For more information see Akkana's Astronomy Page; The Shallow Sky or Akkana Peck's Home Page Magnetosphere MAGNETOSPHERE RELATED CENTERS FOR MAGNETOSPHERE DATABASES SEE THE SPACE CENTER: MAGNETOSPHERE MAGNETOSPHERE CALCULATORS & APPLETS MAGNETOSPHERE (JAVA APPLETS) - UCLA Space Science Center (SSC), UCLA Multimedia Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Software or the UCLA Space Science Center (SSC), UCLA Some examples from over "8" Magnetosphere Calculators include Dipole Magnetic Fields - Isocontours Calculator Rankine Hugoniot Calculator Specularly Reflected Ions Calculator MHD Wave Graphs

Modeling - Space Physics SPACE PHYSICS MODELS CALCULATORS & APPLETS SPACE WEATHER MODELS SPACE WEATHER MODELS: MODELWEB - Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Multimedia Model Databases & Model Calculators (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) "...is a multi-agency partnership. The CCMC provides, to the international research community, access to modern space science simulations. In addition, the CCMC supports the transition to space weather operations of modern space research models..." Space Weather Models include: Atmospheric Models "...Density and Temperature Models; Wind Models..." Ionospheric Models "...Electron Density Models; Total Electron Content Models; etc...." Plasmaspheric Models; Trapped Particle Models; Gravitation/Geopotential Models; Geomagnetic (Main) Field Models; Magnetospheric Field Models; Solar and Interplanetary Space Models; Planetary Models; etc..." For more information see Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) or the Goddard Space Flight Center Some examples from over "40" Space Weather Models include International Reference Ionosphere - IRI-2007 International Reference Ionosphere Calculator "...enables the computation and plotting of IRI parameters: electron and ion (O+, H+, He+, O2+, NO+) densities, total electron content, electron, ion and neutral (CIRA-86) temperatures, equatorial vertical ion drift and others..." MSIS-E-90 Atmosphere Model MSIS-E-90 Atmosphere Model Calculator "...enables the computation and plotting of MSIS parameters: neutral temperature, exospheric temperature, densities of He, O, N2, O2, Ar, H, and N, and total density..." DGRF/IGRF Geomagnetic Field Model 1945-2010 and Related Parameters Geomagnetic Field Model Calculator "...enables to calculate the following parameters for one point: (a) Transformation of GEOgraphic coordinates to Corrected GeoMagnetic (CGM) coordinates and vice versa. (b) the DGRF/IGRF magnetic field components H (nT), D (deg.), and Z (nT); (c) the dipole latitude and longitude; (d) the geographic..." IGRF/DGRF Model Parameters and Corrected Geomagnetic Coordinates GRF/DGRF Model Parameters and Corrected Geomagnetic Coordinates Calculator "...enables computation of a set of the main geomagnetic field model parameters and transformation from the GEOcentric spherical (geographic) coordinates to the Corrected GeoMagnetic (CGM) coordinates and vice versa..." NASA Cosmic Modeling Software NASA COSMIC MODELING SOFTWARE NASA COSMIC MODELING SOFTWARE - Open Channel Foundation VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Open Channel Publishes the NASA COSMIC Collection "...consists of over 500 programs..." Examples of Modeling Software Categories include: "...Aerodynamics Applications; Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems; Cargo and Packing Logistics; Electronic Structures; Finite Element Analysis; Laser Applications; Metallurgy Software; Thermal Tools; Trajectories and Orbital Mechanics; Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering; etc..." NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC - CALCULATORS & APPLETS NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE (NED) CALCULATORS - Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, & under contract the Office of Space Science, Research and Program Management Office, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. NASA/IPAC Extragalatic Database "...is built around a master list of extragalactic objects for which cross-identifications of names have been established, accurate positions and redshifts entered to the extent possible, and some basic data collected..." For more information see Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) or JPL Examples of Calculators include Advanced All-Sky Search For Objects By Parameters Advanced All-Sky Search For Objects By Parameters Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Redshift Constraints; Photometric Constraint; Flux density; Radio, Infrared, Optical, Millimeter, Sub-Millimeter, Ultraviolet, X-ray or Gamma ray; Object Type (Classified Extragalactic Objects, Unclassified Extragalactic Candidates; Components of Galaxies); Exclude objects with ANY of the following selected types; etc..." NED Velocity Correction Calculator NED Velocity Correction Calculator INPUT Values include: "...RA or Longitude; DEC or Latitude; Velocity; System; Equinox; etc..." NED Sky Plot Calculator NED Sky Plot Calculator INPUT Values include: "...POSS/ESO Scale; SAO Stars; System; etc..." Nuclear Properties for Astrophysics NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS CALCULATORS & APPLETS NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS - Group T-2, (Nuclear Theory and Applications), Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laborabory (LANL) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Nuclear Astrophysics "...nuclear data for astrophysics calculations, such as nucleosynthesis, stellar evolution, the Big Bang, and super-nova dynamics...". For more information see T-2 Nuclear Data or T-2 Nuclear Information Service NUCLEAR PROPERTIES FOR ASTROPHYSICS CALCULATORS & APPLETS NUCLEAR PROPERTIES FOR ASTROPHYSICS - P. Möller, Group T-2, (Nuclear Theory and Applications), Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laborabory (LANL) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Nuclear Properties for Astrophysics "...Interactive access to nuclear properties of interest for astrophysics for almost 9000 nuclei. Get your experimental masses and calculated masses, deformations, decay Q-values, half-lives, spins, and separation energies..." For more information see T-2 Nuclear Data or T-2 Nuclear Information Service

Orbital Mechanics ORBITAL MECHANICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS KEPLER'S EQUATION FOR ELLIPTICAL MOTION, A NUMBERICAL SOLUTION UTILITY - AKiTi.ca, David Binner, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. Kepler's Equation for Elliptical Motion, a Numerical Solution Utility: "...is based on the program "FZERO.F", written by L. F. Shampine (SNLA) and H. A. Watts (SNLA), based upon a method by T. J. Dekker..." For more information see Math Functions: Miscellaneous Mathematical Utilities or AKiTi ORBIT INTEGRATORS - D.P. Hamilton, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Astronomy Workshop Tools; Astronomy Workshop or the Department of Astronomy Some examples from over "9" Orbit Integrator Calculators include Central Force Integrator Calculator Binary Star Integrator Calculator Three-Body Integrator Calculator ORBIT ON THE WEB: CALCULATORS - S.V. Belur, Bowie, Maryland VERY EXTENSIVE. "...An Interactive Spacecraft Orbit Utilities Page..." Some examples from over '6' Calculators include Transform from Orbital Elements to State Vector Calculator Transform from Orbital Elements to State Vector Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Semi-major axis; Eccentricity; Inclination; Arg of Perigee; etc..." Approximate Orbit Estimation Calculator Approximate Orbit Estimation Calculator "...can approximately estimate an orbit from two position vectors and time. The orbital estimate will be more accurate for smaller time intervals..." Planets, Sun & Solar System RELATED CENTERS FOR DATABASES, IMAGE ATLAS DATABASES & COURSES SEE THE ASTRONOMY, ASTROPHYSICS & SPACE CENTER: THE SOLAR SYSTEM SUN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FOR REAL-TIME DATABASES SEE THE SPACE CENTER: SUN IPS CULGOORA TYPE II TOOL; SHOCK SPEED CALCULATOR - Culgoora Solar Observatory, New South Wales, Australia VERY EXTENSIVE. Shock Speed Calculator is "...used to give an estimate of the arrival time of an interplantery shock using the speed (km/sec) obtained from the radiospectrograph..." For more information see Solar or the IPS Radio and Space Services SOLAR ROTATION ACTIVITY (JAVA APPLET) - Culgoora Solar Observatory, New South Wales, Australia VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Solar or the IPS Radio and Space Services PLANET CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PLANATARY CALCULATOR - A.L. Proctor & D.P. Hamilton, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Plantary Calculator for Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto INPUT Values include: "...Planet Mass; Planet Radius; Planet Density; Planet Oblateness; Spin Period; Surface Gravity; Escape Velocity; Synchronous Orbit; Planet Tilt; Semimajor Axis, etc..." For more information see Astronomy Workshop Tools; Astronomy Workshop or the Department of Astronomy TODAY'S PLANETS POSITION: VISUALIZE SOLAR SYSTEM AT A GIVEN EPOCH (JAVA APPLET) - Dieter Egger, Alpha-World, Forschungseinrichtung Satellitengeodäsie, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Astro Applets; Applets; Site Map or Dieter Egger's Home Page RINGED PLANETS CALCULATORS & APPLETS RINGS NODE ON-LINE TOOLS - M. Showalter, Planetary Rings Node, Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, JPL & NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Rings Node is "...a set of tools to assist planetary scientists in the planning, acquisition and interpretation of observations of the ringed planets..." For more information see Planetary Rings Node or NASA's Planetary Data System Some examples from over "24" Interactive Calculators & Viewers include Jupiter Viewer 2.3 Jupiter Viewer "...enables you to generate a Postscript file showing the appearance of the Jupiter system at a specified time. All bodies are rendered with terminators and shadows as appropriate. Selected background stars can also be included..." Saturn Moon Tracker Saturn Moon Tracker "...enables you to generate a Postscript file showing the east-west motion of Saturnian satellites within a specified time period. The distance of each selected moon from the planet's axis is plotted in units of either arcsec or Saturnian radii..." Martian Moon Tracker 2.0 Martian Moon Tracker "...enables you to generate a Postscript file showing the east-west motion of the Martian satellites within a specified time period. The distance of each selected moon from the planet's axis is plotted in units of either arcsec or Martian radii..." MOON CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LUNAR PERIGEE AND APOGEE CALCULATOR - J. Walker, Switzerland Lunar Perigee and Apogee Calculator "...To display the date, time, and distance of lunar perigees and apogees for a given year, enter the year in the box and press "Calculate"..." For more information see Welcome to Earth and Moon Viewer or John Walker's Home Page SOLAR SYSTEM CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SOLAR SYSTEM SIMULATOR - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Space Library or Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) BUILD A SOLAR SYSTEM - The Exploratorium VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Exploratorium SOLAR SYSTEM (JAVA APPLET) - E. L. Gans, Department of French, UCLA Solar System "...Both the planets and their orbits are approximately to scale with each other, but the planet scale is much larger than than the orbit scale, and the sun is not in scale with either..." For more information see Eric L. Gans Home Page SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORER & ASTRONOMY JAVA APPLETS - R. Scharein, Astronomy, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. Solar System Explorer includes "...Phases of the inner planets, Retrograde motion, Kepler's Laws, Cratering & Solar Eclipses; etc..." For more information see Rob Scharein's Home Page or the Department of Physics & Astronomy SOLAR SYSTEM COLLISIONS - D.P. Hamilton, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland Solar System Collisions Calculator "...Send an asteroid or comet hurtling toward your favorite planet!..." For more information see Astronomy Workshop Tools; Astronomy Workshop or the Department of Astronomy

Pulsar PULSAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS EXTRACT 'FIRST' IMAGE CUTOUTS - The FIRST Image Cutout Server and Hosted by the LLNL Institute for Geophysics & Planetary Physics VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Extract FIRST Image Cutouts is "...a project designed to produce the radio equivalent of the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey over 10,000 square degrees of the North Galactic Cap..." For more information see The FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm) Image Cutout Server Relativity GENERAL RELATIVITY & DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY COURSES & LECTURES INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND GENERAL RELATIVITY - S. Waner, Department of Mathematics, Hofstra University Multimedia Differential Geometry and General Relativity Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Differential Geometry and General Relativity Course Chapters include "...Smooth Manifolds and Scalar Fields; Contravariant and Covariant Vector Fields; Riemannian Manifolds Covariant Differentiation; Geodesics and Local Inertial Frames; The Riemann Curvature Tensor; The Stress Tensor and the Relativistic Stress-Energy Tensor; Three Basic Premises of General Relativity; etc..." For more information see Online Utilities & Software - Calculators; Finite Mathematics & Applied Calculus Resource Page; Steven R. Costenoble's Home Page; Department of Mathematics or Hofstra University GENERAL RELATIVITY LECTURE NOTES - Matthias Blau, Gravity and String Theory Group, Institut de Physique, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland Multimedia General Relativity Course Lecture Notes - PDF - 229 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. General Relativity Lecture Notes Chapters include "...The Physics and Geometry of Geodesics; Tensor Algebra; Physics in a Gravitational Field; The Lie Derivative, Symmetries and Killing Vectors; The Schwarzschild Metric; Particle and Photon Orbits in the Schwarzschild Geometry; Linearised Gravity and Gravitational Waves; Kaluza-Klein Theory; etc..." For more information see Matthias Blau's Lecture Notes; Matthias Blau's Home Page; Gravity and String Theory Group or the Institut de Physique DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY - Matt Visser, Gravity Group, Mathematics, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Multimedia Differential Geometry Notes - PDF - 224 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Differential Geometry Chapters & Subchapters include Chapter 2: Fundamentals "...Basis and sub-basis for a topology; Discrete and indiscrete topologies; Hausdorff and non-Hausdorff topologies; Elementary metric spaces; etc..." Chapter 3: Affine Connexions "...Parallel transport; Geodesics; Torsion; Basic Curvature Identities; Weitzenbock connexion; etc..." Chapter 6: Metric tensor "...Riemannian geometry; Finsler/pseudo-Finsler geometry; The Weyl tensor; etc..." Chapter 8: Lie derivatives "...Lie derivatives on covariant vectors; Lie derivatives on general tensors; etc..." For more information see Lecture Notes; Math 464: Differential Geometry; Teaching; Matt Visser's Home Page or the School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY CALCULATIONS GRTENSOR II DEMONSTRATIONS - P. Musgrave, Astronomy Research Group, Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GRTensorII "...a computer algebra package for performing calculations in the general area of differential geometry. Its purpose is the calculation of tensor components on curved spacetimes specified in terms of a metric or set of basis vectors..." Demonstrations of GRTensorII currently available are in the areas of: "...General Relativity & Geometry; Black Hole Perturbations; The GRJunction Package & Engineering Applications.." For more information see GRTensor II or the Department of Physics RELATIVITY CALCULATORS & APPLETS THE RELATIVITY CALCULATOR - J.T. Mitchell, PHENIX Experimental Group, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) VERY EXTENSIVE. Relativity Calculator "...calculates physical properties at relativistic speeds. You input the speed of the object, its mass, length, and clock time, and the calculator will automatically calculate what the object will look like to you..." For more information see Relativistic; Jeffery Mitchell's RHIClets; Jeffery Thomas Mitchell's Home Page; PHENIX Software Page; PHENIX Experimental Group; Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) or the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) RELATIVITY APPLET - T. Tao, Department of Mathematics, UCLA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Relativity Calculator Options include: "...An Inertial Reference Frame; An Inertial Object of Zero Length; A Non-inertial Object of Zero Length; A Inertial Object of Non-zero Length; A Light Ray or An Event..." For more information see Applets; Terence Tao's Home Page or the Department of Mathematics VLSR CALCULATOR: CALCULATE THE VELOCITY OF THE LOCAL STANDARD OF REST - E.M. Murphy, The Far Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University & NASA VLSR Calculator: Calculate the Velocity of the Local Standard of Rest "...will calculate the radial velocity of the observer with respect to a given RA and DEC on the date of observation for a number of popular standards of rest..." For more information see FUSE Planning Tools or The Far Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) Satellites PLANET SATELLITE CALCULATORS & APPLETS SATELLITE CALCULATOR - A.L. Proctor & D.P. Hamilton, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Satellite Calculator for Mars Satellites; Earth Satellites; Jupiter Satellites; Saturn Satellites; Uranus Satellites; etc. include: "...Satellite Mass; Satellite Radius; Satellite Density; Surface Gravity; Escape Velocity; Semimajor Axis; etc..." For more information see Astronomy Workshop Tools; Astronomy Workshop or the Department of Astronomy CONSTRUCTION OF SATELLITES CALCULATORS & APPLETS SATELLITE CONSTRUCTION SET (JAVA APPLET) - The Satellite Site, TheTech Museum of Innovation, Sponsored by Lockheed Martin Satellite Construction Set "...Want to make a satellite? Open up this interactive program and build three different kinds of satellites..." For more information see Online Exhibits or the TheTech Museum of Innovation Space Flight SPACE FLIGHT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ATMOSPHERIC FLIGHT OF A LAUNCH VEHICLE - J. Köppen, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France VERY EXTENSIVE. Atmospheric Flight of Launch Vehicle Calculator "...allows the computation of the behaviour of a multistage rocket from the launch site into orbit...user may change the parameters of the rocket, such as the type and mass of the fuel, the thrust of the engines..." For more information see Interactive Java Applets to Aid the Teaching of Astrophysics; Joachim Köppen's Home Page or the Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg SPACECRAFT COORDINATES CALCULATORS & APPLETS HELIOWEB - Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Multimedia Heliocentric Trajectories for Selected Spacecraft, Planets, and Comets Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Heliocentric Trajectories for Selected Spacecraft, Planets, and Comets: "...Positions are available in Solar Ecliptic (SE) and Heliographic (HG) (rotating and inertial) systems for 12 Spacecraft, 2 Planets and 8 Comets. They can be obtained at desired time period, time resolution..." For more information see Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) or the Goddard Space Flight Center SSCWEB LOCATOR GRAPHICS, LOCATOR TABULAR, QUERY, ETC. - Project Direcctor: R.E. McGuire, Space Physics Data Facility, Code 602, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. SSCWeb "...The software and associated database of SSCWeb together form a system to cast geocentric spacecraft location information into a framework of (empirical) geophysical regions and mappings of spacecraft locations along lines of the Earth's magnetic field..." For more information see Satellite Situation Center (SSCWeb) or the Space Physics Data Facility SPACECRAFT/PLOT TYPE SELECTION - INTERACTIVE - Satellite Situation Center, Space Physics Data Facility, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Spacecraft/Plot Type Selection "...The Locator graphics component provides the ability to plot the orbits of multiple spacecraft. In addition to orbit plots, mapped and time series plots can also be generated..." For more information see the Satellite Situation Center or the Space Physics Data Facility SPACECRAFT/TIME RANGE SELECTION - INTERACTIVE - Satellite Situation Center, Space Physics Data Facility, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Spacecraft/Time Range Selection "...The Locator component provides tabular information. As tabular output, the spacecraft's coordinate location can be listed in a variety of coordinate systems, as well as other location related items..." For more information see the Satellite Situation Center or the Space Physics Data Facility

Spectra Analysis SPECTRA ANALYSIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIRGLOW SPECTRUM CALCULATORS & APPLETS AIRGLOW SPECTRUM (JAVA APPLET) - J. Köppen, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France VERY EXTENSIVE. Spectrum of the Airglow Calculator "...depicts a typical observed optical spectrum of the night sky; this must always be subtracted from the raw observations..." For more information see Interactive Java Applets to Aid the Teaching of Astrophysics; Joachim Köppen's Home Page or the Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg INTERSTELLAR & CIRCUMSTELLAR MOLECULES CALCULATORS & APPLETS MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY - JPL Molecular Spectroscopy, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA Multimedia Molecular Spectroscopy Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Molecular Spectroscopy "...The on-line version of the catalog contains individual files for each molecular species..." Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) THE COLOGNE DATABASE FOR MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, CDMS - Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Germany Multimedia Molecular Spectroscopy Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Molecular Spectroscopy Includes a special section on "Molecules in Space". MODEL IMAGES AND SPECTRA OF 3-D OBJECTS CALCULATORS & APPLETS MODEL IMAGES AND SPECTRA OF 3-D OBJECTS (JAVA APPLET) - J. Köppen, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France; and was designed and programmed by S. Bresson, B. Leriche, C. LeLoirec & Marc-Olivier Sercki, Ecole Nationale Superielure de Physique de Strasbourg (ENSPS), France VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Model Images and Spectra of 3-D Objects "...allows the simulation of observational data which would be obtained from three-dimensional objects, such as gas clouds, gaseous nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies..." For more information see Interactive Java Applets to Aid the Teaching of Astrophysics; Joachim Köppen's Home Page or the Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg SIMULATE SPECTRAL DATA FOR MISSIONS/INSTRUMENTS CALCULATORS & APPLETS WEBSPEC - High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. WebSpec is a "...WWW interface for the X-ray spectral fitting package, XSPEC. Currently, it can be used to simulate spectral data for a variety of X-ray missions/instruments..." For more information see Tools or the High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), NASA SPECTRA OF GAS DISCHARGES CALCULATORS & APPLETS SPECTRA OF GAS DISCHARGES (JAVA APPLET) - Author: J. Talbot and hosted by J. Köppen, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France VERY EXTENSIVE. Spectra of Gas Discharges "...reads a file containing a list of emission line wavelengths and their corresponding strengths then simulates the appearance of the spectrum in a good visual spectroscope..." For more information see Hands On Collection or Joachim Köppen's Home Page Stars, Nebula & Galaxies STARS, NEBULA & GALAXIES RELATED CENTERS FOR DATABASES, IMAGE ATLAS DATABASES & COURSES SEE THE ASTRONOMY, ASTROPHYSICS & SPACE CENTER: THE UNIVERSE STARS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GALAXIES CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS NEBULA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DUST INFRARED TOOLBOX (DIRT) - M. Wolfire, M. Pound, P. Teuben, L. Mundy, & S. Lord, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. "...a Java applet for modelling astrophysical processes in circumstellar dust shells around young and evolved stars. With DIRT, you can: Select and display over 500,000 pre-run model spectral energy distributions (SEDs); Find the best-fit model to your data set; Account for beam size in model fitting; etc..." For more information see WITS; Marc W. Pound's Home Page or the Department of Astronomy DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY JAVALAB - C. Mihos, Department of Astronomy, Case Western Reserve University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Dynamical Astonomy "...Here you will find a variety of Java applets which explore the motion of planets, stars, and galaxies. Each applet comes with background information on the pertinent astrophysics, a technical description of what's being calculated, and..." For more information see Chris Mihos' Home Page or the Department of Astronomy GALACTIC CANNIBALIZATION: CANNIBAL JAVALAB - C. Mihos, Department of Astronomy, Case Western Reserve University VERY EXTENSIVE. Galactic Cannibalization "...Lets you explore the different processes involved in galactic cannibalization..." For more information see Current Applets; Dynamical Astronomy JavaLab; Chris Mihos' Home Page or the Department of Astronomy GALAXY CRASH - C. Mihos, Department of Astronomy, Case Western Reserve University VERY EXTENSIVE. Galaxy Crash "... allows you to model galaxy collisions on your own computer. With this applet you can study how galaxies collide and merge gravitationally and how..." For more information see Current Applets; Dynamical Astronomy JavaLab; Chris Mihos' Home Page or the Department of Astronomy STAR AND PLANET FORMATION (QUICKTIME) - M.R. Bate, Astrophysics Group, School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K. Multimedia Star and Planet Formation (Text, Images & Vides/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Astrophysics Group Some examples Star and Planet Formation Videos include Star Cluster Formation in 3D Star Cluster Formation in 3D "...takes my star cluster calculations to a new level, modelling the collapse and fragmentation of a 500 solar mass cloud..." The Formation of Clusters of Stars and Brown Dwarfs The Formation of Clusters of Stars and Brown Dwarfs Videos include: "...Original Calculation Video; Denser Cloud Video; Original Calculation vs Low Metallicity Video; Denser Cloud vs Different Power Spectrum Video; Different Turbulent Power Spectrum Video; etc..." STARS, NEBULAE, GALAXIES, ETC.: INTERACTIVE JAVA APPLETS FOR TEACHING OF ASTROPHYSICS - J. Köppen, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Stars, Nebulae, Galaxies, etc.: Java Applets for Teaching of Astrophysics "...This is a collection of Java applets written for teaching, creating exercises, allowing self-study and for use as small research tools. They aim to permit an interactive exploration of the behaviour of physical systems..." For more information see Joachim Köppen's Home Page or the Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg Some examples from over "40" Astrophysics Calculators include Plasma Diagnostics Plasma Diagnostics Calculator "... interprets the emission line spectrum of ionized gaseous nebulae: from the observed intensities of the lines, temperature, density, and the abundances of the elements in the nebula are derived. Also, given these values, the expected line intensities are synthesized..." Stellar Evolution Calculator - Stellar Evolutionary Tracks Calculator - Stellar Population Calculator Stellar Evolution Calculator - Stellar Evolutionary Tracks Calculator - Stellar Population Calculator "...shows the computed evolutionary paths of any star between 0.8 and 120 solar masses in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, as well as the isochrones, i.e. the locus of stars of any given age..." Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with detailed Nucleosynthesis Calculator Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with detailed Nucleosynthesis Calculator INPUT Values include: Model "...Type of Nucleosynthesis Mode Full Normal Mode; Closed Box, IRA, Analytical Solution; etc. Age of Galaxy; Number of Time Steps; Number of Stellar Masses; etc..." Galaxy "...Gas; Stars; Initial Z; Parameters of SFR; etc..." Simple Nucleo "...Locked-up Mass Fraction; Oxygen Yield; etc..." Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with Inflow of Metal-Poor Gas Calculator Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with Inflow of Metal-Poor Gas Calculator INPUT Values include: Galaxy with Gas Inflow INPUT Values: "...lg(a) is the instantaneous ratio of the accretion rate of the gas and the star formation rate; g(M/M0) is the current ratio of the total mass (gas plus stars) and the initial gas mass; lg(gas), lg(stars) are the masses in the form of gas and long-lived stars - including stellar remnants; lg(Z/y) is the metallicity of the gas for a primarily produced element, measured in terms of the true yield y; etc..." Constant dt; log(AR) Shift; etc. Chemodynamical Evolution of Galaxies Calculator Chemodynamical Evolution of Galaxies Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Parameters: sfrCon, sfrPwr, sfrTemp, TauStar, Eta, etc.; etc..." VIRTUAL LABORATORY (JAVA APPLETS) - S. Russell, G. Bothun & A. Hulse, University of Oregon Virtual Laboratory "...In the interest of providing students with truely interactive texts, a series of experiments has been created using Java to demonstrate the application of this method of teaching..." Examples or Interactive Java Applets include Galaxy Photometery Blackbody Radiation

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