MARTINDALE'S CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER ASTROPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, ASTROCHEMISTRY, ASTROBIOLOGY & COSMOLOGY CENTER SECTION 3 (Calculators, Applets, Spreadsheets, and where Applicable includes: Courses, Manuals, Handbooks, Simulations, Animations, Videos, etc.)

US/Pacific: Wednesday, May 22, 2013 Sydney, Australia: Thursday, May 23, 2013 File Download Time Calculator Author, E-Mail, Privacy Policy & Disclaimer Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains over "24,475" Calculators & Spreadsheets, over "4,200" Courses, Lectures, Manuals, Handbooks, & "1,000's" of Movies, Videos, Simulations & Animations

Astronomy & Astrophysics Picture of the Day/Week Undergraduate Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astrobiology & Cosmology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, Lessons, etc. 1st & 2nd Year Education Calculators & Applets Graduate Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astrochemistry, Astrobiology & Cosmology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Astro-Physical Calculators & Astrophysics (HEASARC) Tools Scale of the Universe ~ Astronomical Distances Acceleration Asteroids, Comets, Meteor Showers Astrogeology, Planetary Geoscience, Planetary Atmospheres Big-Bang, Nucleosynthesis, Stellar Evolution, Chemical Evolution Black Holes ~ Blackbody Radiation ~ Coordinates ~ Cosmology Doppler Shift - Doppler Effect ~ Earth Impact Effects Ephemeris ~ Extinction ~ Exoplanets - Extrasolar Planets HF Transmitter Antennas ~ HR Diagram Integrals ~ Interplanetary Dust ~ Ionosphere Jupiter ~ Magnetosphere ~ Modeling Space Physics NASA Cosmic Modeling Software ~ NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Nuclear Astrophysics ~ Orbital Mechanics ~ Planets - Solar System Pulsar ~ Relativity ~ Satellites ~ Spectra Analysis Space Missions, Space Flight, Orbital Tracking, etc. Stars, Constellations, Galaxies, Clusters, Nebulae Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrochemistry, Astrobiology & Cosmology Center Calculators On-Line Center

Astronomy & Astrophysics Picture of the Day/Week ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY OR WEEK ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE DAY - NASA Multimedia Astronomy Image Database (Text & Images). Astronomy Picture of the Day "...Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer..." For more information see Astronomy Picture of the Day Archive ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES - Author: D. Malin, Anglo-Australian Observatory, Australia Multimedia Image Database (Text & Images). Astronomical Images of the Day or Week include "...CCD Images; New Photographic Images; Deep Galaxy Images For more information see Anglo-Australian Observatory, Australia CASSINI SOLSTICE MISSION: SATURN AND ITS MOONS - Cassini Solstice Mission, NASA For more information see the Cassini Solstice Mission CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY PICTURE OF THE DAY - Chandra X-ray Center, NASA Multimedia Image Database (Text & Images). For more information see Chandra X-ray Center @ Havard or Chandra X-ray Center @ NASA HERSCHEL - European Space Agency (ESA) Multimedia Image Database (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). For more information see the European Space Agency (ESA) HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE PICTURE OF THE WEEK - Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) Multimedia Image Database (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). For more information see the Hubble Space Telescope MARS RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, NASA For more information see the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter MESSENGER: MERCURY MISSION - MEcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER), NASA For more information see the NASA NRAO IMAGE GALLERY - National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) For more information see the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) ASTROPHYSICS PICTURE OF THE WEEK HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS PICTURE OF THE WEEK - High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), NASA Multimedia Image Database (Text & Images). For more information see High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC) Undergraduate Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astrobiology & Cosmology THE FINGERPRINT OF STARS THE FINGERPRINT OF STARS - Authors: John Johnson & His Team of Scientists, ExoLab - John Johnson Exoplanets Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (Caltech); Images by: Jorge Cham, PHD Comics; Hosted by PHD Comics Multimedia The Fingerprint of Stars (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). The Fingerprint of Stars "...John Johnson's team of astrophysicists at Caltech tells us how to unravel the code embedded in the light we see as stars and why we happen to be made of stardust. It doesn't get any more fundamental than this!..." For more information see ExoLab - John Johnson Exoplanets Laboratory; Department of Astronomy, CalTech; PHD TV or PHD Comics HOW BIG IS THE UNIVERSE HOW BIG IS THE UNIVERSE - H. Reich Multimedia How Big is the Universe (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). For more information see Henry Reich's Minute Physics EXOPLANETS EXPLAINED EXOPLANETS EXPLAINED - Authors: John Johnson & His Team of Scientists, ExoLab - John Johnson Exoplanets Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (Caltech); Images by: Jorge Cham, PHD Comics; Hosted by PHD Comics Multimedia Exoplanets Explained Video (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Exoplanets Explained Video "...There are Billions of Planets in our Galaxy..." For more information see ExoLab - John Johnson Exoplanets Laboratory; PHD TV or PHD Comics THE FABRIC OF THE COSMOS: WHAT IS SPACE? THE FABRIC OF THE COSMOS: WHAT IS SPACE? - HOUR 1 - PRESENTED ON PBS 11/2/11 - Brian Greene, Institute of Strings, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Columbia University; Hosted by NOVA, PBS Multimedia The Fabric of the Cosmos: What is Space? - HOUR 1 - Presented on PBS 11/2/11 (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Brian Greene's Home Page; Institute of Strings, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics; Department of Physics; NOVA - Physics & Math: Click on Full Episodes or NOVA "The Fabric of the Cosmos" continues with Brian Greene - Hours 2, 3 & 4 The Fabric of the Cosmos: The Illusion of Time - Hour 2 - Presented on PBS 11/9/11 The Fabric of the Cosmos: Quantum Leap (Hour 3) - Presented on PBS 11/16/11 The Fabric of the Cosmos: Universe or Multiverse? (Hour 4) - Presented on PBS 11/23/11 SOLAR SYSTEM LECTURES, VIDEOS, SIMULATIONS, ETC. THE NINE PLANETS SOLAR SYSTEM TOUR - Bill Arnett Multimedia Solar System Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Nine Planets Solar System Tour "...is an overview of the history, mythology, and current scientific knowledge of each of the planets and moons in our solar system. Each page has text and images, some have sounds and movies, most provide references to additional related information..." PHOTOJOURNAL - A collaboration between NASA's Planetary Data System Imaging Node, the Solar System Visualization Project,and JPL's Media Relations Office Multimedia Solar System Course (Text, Images, Animations & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Photojournal "...is your interface to the Planetary Image Archive (PIA) contained within the Planetary Data System Imaging Node - Updated Daily..." SOLAR SYSTEM - National Geographic Multimedia Solar System Lessons (Text, Images, Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Solar System "...Your chance to discover the wonders of our solar system in a spectacular 3-D environment. Take a fly-by tour of the sun and each planet in its orbit,..." For more information see National Geographic SOLAR SYSTEM (QUICKTIME & REAL PLAYER) - Windows to the Universe, University of Michigan & NASA, and hosted by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Multimedia Astronomy & the Universe Course & Lessons (Text, Images, Simulations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Windows to the Universe EXPLORING DEEP SPACE VIDEOS DEEP SKY VIDEOS - Astronomers & Astrophotographers Contributors & B. Haran (Video Journalist & Film-Maker) Multimedia Deep Sky Videos (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Deep Sky Videos "...Exploring deep space - one video at a time. Including videos about the famous Messier Catalogue and access to world-class telescopes..." For more information see Astronomer Profiles - Contributors; Astrophotographer Profiles - Contributors or Brady Haran's Home Page VIDEOS ABOUT THE SYMBOLS OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY SIXTY SYMBOLS - VIDEOS ABOUT THE SYMBOLS OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY (PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY VIDEOS) - Scientists & B. Haran (Video Journalist & Film-Maker) Multimedia Sixty Symbols - Videos about the Symbols of Physics and Astronomy: Physics & Astronomy Videos (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Scientists; School of Physics & Astronomy or Brady Haran's Home Page ASTRONOMY & COSMOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. GALAXIES AND THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE (ASTRONOMY 123) - J. Schombert, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Oregon Multimedia Galaxies and the Expanding Universe Course (Text, Images & Animations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENISVE. Examples of "Galaxies and the Expanding Universe" Course Lectures include "...Ancient Cosmology; Medieval Cosmology; Newtonian Cosmology; Atomic Theory; Elementary Particles; Mass/Energy Equivalence; Milky Way; Quasars; Geometry of the Universe; Early Universe; Baryongenesis; Nucleosynthesis; Neutrinos; Galaxy Formation; etc..." For more information see James Schombert's Home Page; James Schombert's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Physics STARS, GALAXIES AND COSMOLOGY (ASTRONOMY 162) - Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Tennessee Multimedia Stars, Galaxies and Cosmology Course (Text, Images & Animations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENISVE. Examples of "Stars, Galaxies and Cosmology" Course Chapters include "...Properties of Light; The Interaction of Light and Matter; Telescopes and Detectors; The Sun; Energy Production in Stars; Ordinary Stars; Stellar Motion; The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram; Ejection of the Envelope; etc..." For more information see the Department of Physics & Astronomy NEBULAE GALAXIES AND COSMOLOGY (ASTRONOMY 480) - C. Gronwall, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University Multimedia Nebulae Galaxies and Cosmology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Nebulae Galaxies and Cosmology" Course Lectures include "...Morphological Classification, Galaxy Catalogs; Galaxy photometry, extinction, luminosity functions; Ellipticals; Spirals; Groups of Galaxies, Dynamical Friction; Galaxy Interactions & Tidal Stripping; Clusters of Galaxies; Active Galactic Nuclei & Emission-Line Spectroscopy; Hierarchical Structure Formation; etc..." For more information see Teaching; Caryl Gronwall or the Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics GENERAL & SPECIAL RELATIVITY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. RELATIVITY (EINSTEIN LIGHT) - Author: Joe Wolfe, Multimedia Design: George Hatsidimitris, Laboratories in Waves and Sound: John Smith, Department of Environmental and Applied Physics, School of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Multimedia Relativity Lectures (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY EXTENSIVE. Relativity Lectures (Einstein Light) include "...Galileo: Mechanics & Relativity; Maxwell: Electricity & Magnestism; Einstein: Relativity & Constant c; Time Dilation; E = mc2; Beyond Relativity..." For more information see Joe Wolfe's Educational Pages; Joe Wolfe's Home Page; Department of Environmental and Applied Physics; School of Physics or the Faculty of Science INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND GENERAL RELATIVITY - S. Waner (Emeritus), Department of Mathematics, Hofstra University Multimedia Differential Geometry and General Relativity Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to Differential Geometry and General Relativity" Course Chapters include "...Smooth Manifolds and Scalar Fields; Contravariant and Covariant Vector Fields; Riemannian Manifolds; Covariant Differentiation; Geodesics and Local Inertial Frames; The Riemann Curvature Tensor; The Stress Tensor and the Relativistic Stress-Energy Tensor; Three Basic Premises of General Relativity; etc..." For more information see Online Utilities & Software - Calculators; Finite Mathematics & Applied Calculus; Stefan Waner's Home Page; Department of Mathematics or Hofstra University THROUGH EINSTEIN'S EYES: SEEING RELATIVITY (QUICKTIME) - Research School of Physics and Engineering (RSPE), Australian National University (ANU) Multimedia Relativity Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Through Einstein's Eyes Online Home Page or the Research School of Physics and Engineering (RSPE) ASTROBIOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, NEWSLETTERS, CALCULATORS, ETC. Astrobiology Newsletters, etc. ASTROBIOLOGY NEWSLETTER - NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), NASA Multimedia Astrobiology Newsletter (Text & Images). For more information see the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) or NASA Astrobiology: Life in the Universe INTERNATIONAL ASTROBIOLOGY NEWSLETTER (IAN) - Editor: Julie Fletcher, NASA Offical: Mary Walsh; Ames Research Center, NASA Multimedia NASA Sponsored Online Popular Science Magazine (Text & Images). ASTROBIOLOGY MAGAZINE - Executive Editor: Helen Matsos; Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Multimedia NASA Sponsored Online Popular Science Magazine (Text & Images). Drake Equation Calculator DRAKE EQUATION: HOW MANY ALIEN CIVILIZATION EXIST - BBC VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of Drake Equation Calculator INPUT Values include Are We Alone "...Original Drake Equation; Today's Optimistic Estimate; etc..." Habitable Planets "...Number of New Stars Born Each Year; Percentage of Stars with Planets; etc..." Life; Civilization; etc. For more information see Future - Science & Environment - University; Science & Environment; Future or the BBC DRAKE EQUATION CALCULATOR - PBS: Public Broadcasting Service Drake Equation Calculator "...make your own estimate of the number of communicative civilizations in the Milky Way..." For more information see Life Beyond Earth - Is Anybody Listening; Life Beyond Earth or PBS: Public Broadcasting Service Astrobiology Courses, Lectures, etc. ASTROBIOLOGY PRIMER - Editor-in-Chief: Lucas J. Mix, Published: Astrobiology, Volume 6, Number 5, 2006 Multimedia Astrobiology Primer: An Outline of General Knowledge - Version 1, 2006 Textbook PDF (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Astrobiology Primer "...has been created as a reference tool for those who are interested in the interdisciplinary field of astrobiology. The field incorporates many diverse research endeavors, but it is our hope that this slim volume will present the reader with all he or she needs to know to become involved and to understand, at least at a fundamental level, the state of the art... Examples of "Astrobiology Primer: An Outline of General Knowledge" Textbook Chapters include "...Stellar Formation and Evolution; Planetary Formation and Evolution; Astrobiogeochemistry and the Origin of Life; Evolution of Life Through Time; Planet Detection and Characterization; Diversity of Life ASTROBIOLOGY: ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF HABITABLE WORLDS - H. Geller, School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University Multimedia Astrobiology: Origin and Evolution of Habitable Worlds Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENISVE. Examples of "Astrobiology: Origin and Evolution of Habitable Worlds" Course Lectures include "...The Universal Context of Life; Origins and Evolution Introduction to Phylogenetic Reconstruction & Distance Based Methods; Evolution Biology Concepts; Molecular Evolution; etc. Living on a Space Station; etc..." For more information see Harold Geller's Astronomy, Earth and Space Science Website or the School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences

Graduate Astronomy, Astrophysics,

Astrochemistry, Astrobiology & Cosmology

Astrophysics, Astrochemistry & Cosmology Databases Astrophysics Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Stellar Structure and Evolution Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Nuclear Astrophysics Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. High Energy Astrophysics Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Cosmology Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Astronomy Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. General Relativity, Gravity, & Differential Geometry Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Instrumentation X-ray Astronomy, Radio Astronomy, Electric Field Instruments, Low Energy Particle Detectors, AC Magnetometers and Plasma Wave Detectors, etc. Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Astrobiology Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc.

Graduate Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astrochemistry, Astrobiology & Cosmology ASTROPHYSICS, ASTROCHEMISTRY & COSMOLOGY DATABASES FOR MORE RELATED ASTROPHYSICS, ASTROCHEMISTRY & COSMOLOGY DATABASES SEE PHYSICS DATABASES ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY DATABASE - Particle Data Group, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Click ON "Astrophysics and Cosmology". Astrophysics and Cosmology Database includes "...Experimental Tests of Gravitational Theory; Big-Bang Cosmology; Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis; Cosmological Parameters; Dark Matter; Cosmic Microwave Background; Cosmic Rays; Solar Neutrinos Review; Neutrino Mass, Mixing, and Flavor Change; etc..." For more information see the Particle Data Group or the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) MOLECULES IN SPACE DATABASES - Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy, I. Physikalisches Institut, Fachgruppe Physik, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland Multimedia Molecules in Space Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Molecules in Space Database include the "...Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells Database (ISM/CSS Database); Extragalactic Molecules Database..." For more information see the Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy or the I. Physikalisches Institut ASTROPHYSICS & ASTROCHEMISTRY LABORATORY DATABASES - Astrophysics & Astrochemistry Laboratory, Space Sciences and Astrophysics Branch (SSA), Space Science and Astrobiology Division (SS), Ames Research Center (ARC), Mountain View, California, NASA Multimedia Astrophysics & Astrochemistry Laboratory Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Astrophysics & Astrochemistry Laboratory Databases include "...NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database; Near-IR Spectra of CO2 in H2O Database; Near-IR Spectra of CH4 in H2O; Optical Constants and Integrated Absorbances of Ices Databases; etc..." For more information see the Astrophysics & Astrochemistry Laboratory; Space Sciences and Astrophysics Branch (SSA); Space Science and Astrobiology Division (SS) or Ames Research Center (ARC) HITH-RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION MOLECULAR ABSORPTION DATABASE (HITRAN DATABASE) - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) Multimedia High-Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption Database - HITRAN Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) ASTROPHYSICS GRADUATE COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. ASTROPHYSICS 1 - P. Armitage, JILA and the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado Multimedia Astrophysics 1 Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Astrophysics 1" Course Lectures include "...Radiation Processes: Fluxes and Magnitudes; Radiation Processe: Equation of Radiative Transfer; Radiation Processe: Optical Depth; Radiation Processe: Spectral Lines; Radiation Processe: Bremsstrahlung; Stars: Measuring Masses; Stars: Hydrostatic Equilibrium - Virial Theorem; Stars: Gas and Radiation Pressure; Stars: Eddington limit; Stars: Nuclear Reactions; Stars: Neutrino Oscillation; Stellar Evolution: Star Formation; Stellar Evolution: Bbinary Formation; Stellar Evolution: Extrasolar Planet Population; Stellar Evolution: White Dwarfs; Stellar Evolution: Mass Transfer Binaries; Stellar Evolution: Pulsars; etc..." For more information see Phil Armitage's Home Page; JILA or the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences ASTROPHYSICS 2- P. Armitage, JILA and the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado Multimedia Astrophysics 2 Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Astrophysics 2" Course Lectures include "...Gamma Ray Bursts: Models; Milky Way - Basic Structure; Milky Way - the IMF; Milky Way - Salpeter IMF; Milky Way - Gravitational Lensing Regimes; Normal Galaxies - Classification; Normal Galaxies - Surface Brightness; Normal Galaxies - Stellar Dynamics; Normal Galaxies - Rotation Curves; Normal Galaxies - Tully-Fisher; Normal Galaxies - Orbits in Ellipticals; Active Galaxies - Evidence for Supermassive Black Holes; Active Galaxies - Eddington Limit; Active Galaxies - Iron Lines and Black Hole Spin; Cosmology - Friedmann Model; Cosmology - Nucleosynthesis; etc..." For more information see Phil Armitage's Home Page; JILA or the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences ELEMENTS OF ASTROPHYSICS - Nick Kaiser, Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii Multimedia Elements of Astrophysics Textbook - PDF, 435 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Elements of Astrophysics" Textbook Chapters include "...Special Relativity; Dynamics; Random Fields; Radiation; Thermal Radiation; Radiative Transfer; Radiation Fields; Geometric Optics; Diffraction Theory; Radiation from Moving Charges; Cerenkov Radiation; Bremsstrahlung; Synchrotron Radiation; Compton Scattering; Classical Field Theory; Quantum Fields; Relativistic Field Theory; Kinetic Theory; Supersonic Flows and Shocks; Plasma; Collisionless Systems; Non-Linear Cosmological Structure; Relativistic Covariance of Electromagnetism; etc..." For more information see Nick Kaiser's Home Page or the Institute of Astronomy ASTROPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, ETC. LECTURES - Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP), University of California Santa Barbara Multimedia Astrophysics, Astronomy, etc. Video Lectures (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Astrophysics, Astronomy, etc. Sessions Video Lectures & Individual Video Lectures include "...How to Detect Ripples in Spacetime Video Lecture; Gravitational-wave Detectors and Localization Session Video Lectures; Black Hole Information Session Video Lectures; etc..." For more information see the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) STELLAR STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION GRADUATE COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. STELLAR INTERIORS: STELLAR STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION- P. Armitage, JILA and the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado Multimedia Astrophysics 1 Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "38" "Stellar Interiors: Stellar Structure and Evolution" Course Lectures include "...Saha equation; Nuclear matter; Partial ionization; Polytropes and the Chandrasekhar mass; Radiative transfer preliminaries; Convective stability; Stellar energy sources; Nuclear reaction rates; Hydrogen burning reactions; Helium burning; Brown dwarfs; Hayashi tracks; Stellar birthline; Pre-main-sequence stellar rotation; The main sequence: homology; Post-main-sequence evolution; Wind-fed accretio; etc..." For more information see Phil Armitage's Home Page; JILA or the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS GRADUATE COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS (PHY 983) - H. Schatz, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University Multimedia Nuclear Astrophysics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Nuclear Astrophysics" Course Lectures include "...Masses and Decays; Nuclear Burning in the Sun, pp-chain; Introduction to Stellar Reaction Rate; Direct Reaction Rates: Nuclear Properties that are Relevant for Reaction Rates; Resonant Reaction Rates; r-process; etc..." For more information see Nuclear Astrophysics Course Home Page; Teaching; Hendrik Schatz's Home Page or the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN NUCLEAR, PARTICLE, AND ASTROPHYSICS - K.M. Heeger, Experimental Neutrino Physics and Astroparticle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Multimedia Experimental Methods in Nuclear, Particle, and Astrophysics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "20" "Experimental Methods in Nuclear, Particle, and Astrophysics" Course Lecture Notes include "...Radiation & Matter: Basic Nuclear Processes, Radiation Sources & Passage of Radiation through Matter; Interaction of Radiation with Matter: Interaction of Charged Particles & Dose & Shielding; Particle Detectors: Review of Detector Characteristics; Statistics: Bayesian/Frequentist Approach, Feldman/Cousin Method, etc.; Accelerator Techniques: Accelerator Machines & Collisions; etc..." For more information see Teaching; Karsten M. Heeger's Home Page; Experimental Neutrino Physics and Astroparticle Physics or the Department of Physics EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN NUCLEAR, PARTICLE, AND ASTROPHYSICS - K.M. Heeger, Experimental Neutrino Physics and Astroparticle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Multimedia Experimental Methods in Nuclear, Particle, and Astrophysics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Experimental Methods in Nuclear, Particle, and Astrophysics" Course Lectures include "...Radiation and Matter; Interaction of Radiation with Matter: Neutrons & Photons; Interaction of Radiation with Matter: Charge Particles - Radiation Shielding, Dose; Basic Detector Properties: Energy Resolution, Response Function & Dead Time; Particle Detectors: Scintillation Detectors & Ionization Detectors; Particle Detectors: Ionization Detectors & Semiconductor Detectors; Ground-based Detectors in High-Energy Astroparticle Physics; Accelerator Techniques; etc..." For more information see Experimental Methods in Nuclear, Particle, and Astrophysics Home Page; Teaching; Karsten M. Heeger's Home Page; Experimental Neutrino Physics and Astroparticle Physics or the Department of Physics HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS GRADUATE COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. HEASARC DATABSASES, SOFTWARE, TOOLS, ETC. - High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), NASA Multimedia High Energy Astrophysics Databases, Software, Tools, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC)

COSMOLOGY GRADUATE COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. COSMOLOGY AND GALAXY FORMATION - S.G. Djorgovski, Department of Astronomy, Division of Physics, Mathematice & Astronomy, California Institue of Technology (CalTech) Multimedia Cosmology and Galaxy Formation Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Cosmology and Galaxy Formation" Course Lectures include "...Cosmological distance scale and the age of the universe; CMB Polarization and Nonlinear Structure Formation; Galaxy clusters; Galaxy evolution, scaling laws, star formation history; AGN-galaxy co-evolution, reionization, the first stars and black holes; etc..." For more information see the George's Teaching; S. George Djorgovski's Home Page (George Djorgovski's Hole in the Net); S. George Djorgovski's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Astronomy GENERAL RELATIVITY FOR COSMOLOGY (FLASH, WINDOWS MEDIA, MP3, ETC.) - Achim Kempf, Department of Physics & the Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Hosted by the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Multimedia General Relativity for Cosmology Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). "General Relativity for Cosmology" Course includes "...Over 18 Video Lectures..." For more information see Achim Kempf's Home Page; Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive (PIRSA) or the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics SUPERNOVA COSMOLOGY PROJECT - Supernova Cosmology Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Multimedia Supernova Cosmology Project Technical Publications, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. QUANTUM FIELD THEORY FOR COSMOLOGY (FLASH, WINDOWS MEDIA, MP3, ETC.) - Achim Kempf, Department of Physics & the Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Hosted by the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Multimedia Quantum Field Theory for Cosmology Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). "Quantum Field Theory for Cosmology" Course includes "...15 Video Lectures..." For more information see Achim Kempf's Home Page; Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive (PIRSA) or the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics ASTRONOMY GRADUATE COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. ASTRONOMICAL TECHNIQUES (AY 533) - W.C. Keel, Astronomy Program, Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama Multimedia Astronomical Techniques Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Astronomical Techniques" Course Lectures include Telescopes: Image Formation, Diffraction; Image Formation and Aberrations; Telescope Structures and Mountings; Radio and Microwave Detection; Imaging "...The Inverse Pproblem, Deconvolution, Image Display and Processing..." Photography in Astronomy "...Chemical Theory, Processing, Archival Procedures; Image Structure, Spectral Response, Reciprocity, HD Curve; Artifacts: Saturation, Halation, Exhaustion, Solarization; Hypersensitization, Emulsions, Films, Plates, Filter Use..." Astrophotography at the Telescope "...Guiding, Focal Locations and Relative Speeds; Unsharp Masking, Image Amplification, Intensifiers; Calibration, Densitometry. Iris Photometry..." Electron Imaging "...Arrays, Scanned Detectors, Drift Scanning, Image Stacking; CCDs, TVs, Intensified Systems, Photon Counters; Techniques for Processing Images so you can find out what to Measure..." Interferometry; Spectral Interferometry "...Fabry-Perot, Fourier-Transform Spectrometer; Occultation Observations..." Photometry "...Whole Art in Details; Absolute/Differential; Single/Multistar Applications; Filter/Detector (Photometric) Systems; etc..." Spectroscopy; Polarimetry; etc..." For more information see William C. Keel's Home Page; Astronomy Program or the Department of Physics & Astronomy GALAXIES AND THE UNIVERSE (AY 620) - W.C. Keel, Astronomy Program, Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama Multimedia Galaxies and the Universe Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "35" "Galaxies and the Universe" Course Lectures include Galaxy Classification; Global Properties and Dystematics; Gas in Galaxies; Star Formation; Dynamics of Disk Galaxies; Dynamics of Ellipticals, Central Masses; Groups and Clusters of Galaxies; Hot Intracluster Gas; Intergalactic Matter, QSO Absorption-Line Systems; Emission-Line Spectra and their Interpretation; BAL QSOs, Accretion Phenomenology; Jets, Superluminal Sources, Gamma-ray Bursts; Evolution of QSOs; etc..." For more information see William C. Keel's Home Page; Astronomy Program or the Department of Physics & Astronomy EXPLORING THE HIGH REDSHIFT UNIVERSE - C. Gronwall, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University Multimedia Exploring the High Redshift Universe Course (Text & Lectures). Examples of "Exploring the High Redshift Universe" Course Lectures include "...Semi-Analytic Models; Intermediate Redshift Surveys; Evolution in Mass; Star-formation - Metallicity History; Evolution of Morphology, Merger Rates, & Galaxy Sizes; Lyman-break Galaxies; Square Kilometer Array & Atacama Large Millimeter Array; etc..." For more information see Caryl Gronwall's Home Page or the Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics ASTRONOMY, ASTROPHYSICS, ETC. LECTURES - Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP), University of California Santa Barbara Multimedia Astronomy, Astrophysics, etc. Video Lectures (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Examples of Astronomy, Astrophysics, etc. Video Lectures include "...First Light and Faintest Dwarfs: Extreme Probes of the Cold Dark Matter Paradigm Conference Video Lectures; "...A Light in the Dark: the Pursuit of the Nature of Dark Matter Video Lecture; Overview of Asteroseismology and Stellar Physics Session Video Lectures; The Theory and Observation of Exoplanets Video Lecture; Exploring the Dark Universe Video Lecture; Nonlinear Processes in Astrophysical Plasmas: Particle Acceleration, Magnetic Field Amplification, and Radiation Signatures Video Lecture; etc..." For more information see the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) GENERAL RELATIVITY, GRAVITY & DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. GENERAL RELATIVITY LECTURE NOTES - Matthias Blau, Gravity and String Theory Group, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics - Institute for Theoretical Physics, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland Multimedia General Relativity Course Lecture Notes - PDF - 229 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "General Relativity" Course Chapters include "...The Physics and Geometry of Geodesics; Tensor Algebra; Physics in a Gravitational Field; The Lie Derivative, Symmetries and Killing Vectors; The Schwarzschild Metric; Particle and Photon Orbits in the Schwarzschild Geometry; Linearised Gravity and Gravitational Waves; Kaluza-Klein Theory; etc..." For more information see Matthias Blau's Lecture Notes; Matthias Blau's Home Page; Gravity and String Theory Group or the Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics - Institute for Theoretical Physics DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY (MA3429) - D.R. Wilkins, School of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland Multimedia Differential Geometry Course - PDF, 206 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Differential Geometry" Course Parts & Sections include Part I (PDF, 63 Pages) "...Topological Spaces and Smooth Manifolds; Tangent Spaces and Derivatives; Submanifolds of Smooth Manifolds; etc..." Part II (PDF, 77 Pages) "...Tensors and Multilinear Algebra; Vector Bundles; Vector Fields, Lie Brackets and Flows..." Part III (PDF, 72 Pages) "...Connections, Curvature, and Torsion; Riemannian and Pseudo-Riemannian Manifolds; etc..." For more information see Courses & Lecture Notes; David R. Wilkins Home Page or the School of Mathematics ADVANCED GENERAL RELATIVITY - E. Poisson, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Multimedia Advanced General Relativity Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Advanced General Relativity Course includes "...over "14" Video Lectures..." For more information see Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive (PIRSA) or the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics INSTRUMENTATION GRADUATE COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. ASTRONOMICAL TECHNIQUES (AY 533) - W.C. Keel, Astronomy Program, Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama Multimedia Astronomical Techniques Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Astronomical Techniques" Course Lectures include Telescopes: Image Formation, Diffraction; Image Formation and Aberrations; Telescope Structures and Mountings; Radio and Microwave Detection; Imaging "...The Inverse Pproblem, Deconvolution, Image Display and Processing..." Photography in Astronomy "...Chemical Theory, Processing, Archival Procedures; Image Structure, Spectral Response, Reciprocity, HD Curve; Artifacts: Saturation, Halation, Exhaustion, Solarization; Hypersensitization, Emulsions, Films, Plates, Filter Use..." Astrophotography at the Telescope "...Guiding, Focal Locations and Relative Speeds; Unsharp Masking, Image Amplification, Intensifiers; Calibration, Densitometry. Iris Photometry..." Electron Imaging "...Arrays, Scanned Detectors, Drift Scanning, Image Stacking; CCDs, TVs, Intensified Systems, Photon Counters; Techniques for Processing Images so you can find out what to Measure..." Interferometry; Spectral Interferometry "...Fabry-Perot, Fourier-Transform Spectrometer; Occultation Observations..." Photometry "...Whole Art in Details; Absolute/Differential; Single/Multistar Applications; Filter/Detector (Photometric) Systems; etc..." Spectroscopy; Polarimetry; etc..." For more information see William C. Keel's Home Page; Astronomy Program or the Department of Physics & Astronomy Radio Astronomy ESSENTIAL RADIO ASTRONOMY - J.J. Condon & S.M. Ransom, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia Multimedia Essential Radio Astronomy Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Radio Astronomy" Course Chapters & Subchapters include Radiation Fundamentals; Antennas & Radiometers; "...Antenna Fundamentals; Reflector Antennas; Radio Telescopes; Radiometers; etc..." Thermal Emission; Nonthermal Emmission "...Magnetobremsstrahlung; Synchrotron Power; Synchrotron Spectra; Inverse Compton; etc..." Pulsars; Spectral Lines; etc..." For more information see James J. Condon's Home Page; Scott M. Ransom's Home Page; National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia; NRAL Programs for Teachers & Students or the National Radio Astronomy Observatory RADIO ASTRONOMY (PHYSICS 728) - D.E. Gary, Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, Department of Physics, New Jersey's Science & Technology University, and Director: Owens Valley Solar Array Multimedia Radio Astronomy Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "13" "Radio Astronomy" Course Lectures include "...Introduction to Radio Astronomy; Radio Emission Mechanisms; Radiative Transfer; Front End Receiving Systems; The Receiving System for Interferometry; etc..." For more information see Dale E. Gary's Home Page; Department of Physics; Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research or the Owens Valley Solar Array RADIO ASTRONOMY: SYNTHESIS IMAGING WORKSHOP - NRAO Socorro, New, Mexico, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Multimedia Radio Astronomy: Synthesis Imaging Workshop Lectures (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "20" "Radio Astronomy: Synthesis Imaging Workshop" Lectures include "...Antennas & Recievers in Radio Astronomy; Polarization in Interferometry; Calibration and Editing; Sensitivity & Noise; Advanced Calibration Techniques; Spectral Line Observing; Galactic radio science; Very Long Baseline Interferometry; Astrometry; Wide Field Imaging ; Millimeter Interferometry & ALMA; High Dynamic Range Imaging; etc..." For more information see the Twelfth Synthesis Imaging Workshop Home Page; Events at the AOC; NRAO: Socorro, New Mexico or the National Radio Astronomy Observatory ASTROBIOLOGY GRADUATE COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. Astrobiology Newsletters, etc. ASTROBIOLOGY NEWSLETTER - NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), NASA Multimedia Astrobiology Newsletter (Text & Images). For more information see the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) or NASA Astrobiology: Life in the Universe INTERNATIONAL ASTROBIOLOGY NEWSLETTER (IAN) - Editor: Julie Fletcher, NASA Offical: Mary Walsh; Ames Research Center, NASA Multimedia NASA Sponsored Online Popular Science Magazine (Text & Images). ASTROBIOLOGY MAGAZINE - Executive Editor: Helen Matsos; Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Multimedia NASA Sponsored Online Popular Science Magazine (Text & Images). Astrobiology Courses, Lectures, etc. EXPLORING ORGANIC ENVIRONMENTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM (2007) - Task Group on Organic Environments in the Solar System, National Research Council, National Academies, Published by The National Academies Press Multimedia Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System Textbook (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System" Textbook Chapters & Subchapters include The Chemistry of Carbon, 1 Biotic and Abiotic Carbon Compounds; The Formation, Modification, and Preservation of Organic Compounds in the Solar System, 2 Interstellar Chemistry "...Meteorites; Primitive Bodies; The Giant Planets and Their Satellites; The Terrestrial Planets..." Exploration: Where to Go and What to Study, 7 Approaches to Research. For more information see the National Academy of Sciences Press Home Page or the National Academy of Sciences THE LIMITS OF ORGANIC LIFE IN PLANETARY SYSTEMS (2007) - Committee on the Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems, Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life, National Research Council, National Academies, Published by The National Academies Press Multimedia The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems Textbook (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems" Textbook Chapters include "...A Sketch of the Chemistry Behind Known Carbon-based Life on Earth; Pushing the Boundaries of Life; Alternatives to Terran Biochemistry in Water; Origin of Life; Why Water? Toward More Exotic Habitats; Life Detection and Biomarkers; etc..." For more information see the National Academy of Sciences Press Home Page or the National Academy of Sciences Astro-Physical/Units SCIENTIFIC CALCULATORS & APPLETS RELATED CENTERS FOR SI UNITS, MORE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATORS, ETC., SEE UNIT CONVERSION, SI UNITS, SCIENTIFIC CALCULATORS ASTROPHYSICS (HEASARC) CALCULATORS & APPLETS HEASARC TOOLS: CALCULATORS - NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. HEASARC Web Tools are "...designed to assist scientists in their proposal and general data analysis efforts..." HEASARC Web Tool Categories include: "...General Tools; Multi-Mission Tools & Mission Tools..." For more information see NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC) Examples of Astrophysics Calculators & Astrophysics Tools include Object Position Finder, Coordinate Converter, and Separation Calculato NH Column Density: Determine Neutral Hydrogen Column Density by Target Coordinates Multiplex Energy Converter: Energy/Frequency/Wavelength Converter WebSpec: Simulate Spectral Data for Missions/Instruments X-Ray Background Tool: Calculate Average X-ray Background Count Rates from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey Diffuse Background Maps xTime: Convert RXTE and Swift Times to other Time Systems and Formats and vice versa HEXTErock: HEXTE Cluster Background Positions on the Sky ASTRO-PHYSICAL CALCULATORS & APPLETS ASTR0-PHYSICAL CALCULATOR - C. Dolan, Software Engineer, Sony Creative Software; Hosted by the Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Astro-Physical Calculator includes: Scientific, Technical, Programming and Logic functions Physical Constants "...Velocity of light; Planck constant; Gravitational constant; Electron charge; Mass of electron; Mass of proton; Mass of neutron; Mass of hydrogen; Avagadro's number; Boltzmann constant; Rydberg constant; etc..." Astronomical Constants "...Astronomical unit; Parsec; Light year; Solar mass; etc..." Planetary Data "...Mass; Radius; Period; Eccentricity; etc..." For more information see Java Applets & Javascript; Chris Dolan's Home Page at the Department of Astronomy; Department of Astronomy or Chris Dolan's Home Page PHYSICS POCKET COMPUTER (JAVASCRIPT): BASIC; SCIENTIFIC; PHYSICS - Jean-Pol Vigneron, Départment of Physique, Université de Namur, Belgium VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Départmnet of Physique Scale of the Universe THE SCALE OF THE UNIVERSE ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS THE SCALE OF THE UNIVERSE 2 (FLASH) - Cary and Michael (Mike) Huang, Music by Kevin Macleod, htwins.net Multimedia The Scale of the Universe 2 (Text, Images & Animations). VERY EXTENSIVE. The Scale of the Universe 2 "...a new window to many of the known scales of our universe. By moving the scroll bar across the bottom, you can explore a diversity of sizes, while clicking on different items will bring up descriptive information..." (Quote from site at NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day) For more information see Duplicate Copy at NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) or htwins.net Astronomical Distances ASTRONOMICAL/COSMIC DISTANCES CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ASTRONOMICAL DISTANCES - D.P. Hamilton, Department of Astronomy, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Astronomical Distances Calculator "...You are in a spaceship leaving Earth to explore the Universe! How fast do you want to travel?..." For more information see Astronomy Workshop Tools; Astronomy Workshop or the Department of Astronomy COSMIC DISTANCE SCALES - INTERACTIVE - M. Masetti & K. Mukai, High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), Exploration of the Universe Division (EUD), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmic Distance Scales "...will give an impression of how immense our Universe is by employing a method used many times in "Power of 10" films - that is, starting with an image of the Earth and then zooming out towards the furthest visible reaches of our Universe..." For more information see Education and Public Outreach Activities at the HEASARC; High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC) or the Goddard Space Flight Center SOLAR SYSTEM DISTANCE CONVERTER - CALCULATOR - Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous, Johns Hopkins' Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University Solar System Distance Calculator "...Converts between km, miles, Astronomical Units, and light travel time..." For more information see Site Index or Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Acceleration ACCELERATION, TIME DILATION CALCULATORS & APPLETS CONSTANT PROPER-ACCELERATION CALCULATOR - P. Fraundorf, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri, St. Louis VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Constant Proper-Acceleration Calculator "...provides students with quantitative tools for dealing with time dilation, relativistic acceleration, and even curved space-time..." For more information see One-Frame Views of Unidirectional Motion; Phil Fraundorf's Home Page or the Department of Physics & Astronomy Asteroids, Comets, Meteor Showers ASTEROIDS & COMETS ORBIT VIEWER ASTEROIDS & COMETS ORBIT VIEWER - IN REAL-TIME - NASA'S Near-Earth Object Program, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Near-Earth Asteroid Collision Monitoring System includes "...Orbit Diagrams; Potentially Hazardous Asteroids; Orbital Elements; Earth Close Approaches; Earth Impact Risk; etc..." For more information see NASA'S Near-Earth Object Program ASTEROIDS, COMETS & SMALL BODIES DATABASES NASA'S SMALL BODIES NODE - Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, JPL & NASA Multimedia Comets, Asteroids & Interplanetary Dust Databases (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Small Bodies Node "...This node is concerned with gathering, restoring and archiving data sets related to comets, asteroids and interplanetary dust..." For more information see NASA's Planetary Data System ASTEROIDS COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. ASTEROIDS - Bill Arnett Multimedia Asteroids Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Asteroids "...Several hundred thousand asteroids have been discovered and given provisional designations so far. Thousands more are discovered each year. There are undoubtedly hundreds of thousands more that are too small to be seen from the Earth..." For more information see the The Nine Planets COMETS DATABASES, LECTURES, ETC. COMETS - Crni Vrh Observatory Multimedia Comet & Asteroids Observations (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Comet Observations includes "...Comet Latest Images; CCD Photometry; Bright Comets; Comet Image Gallery; Daily Ephemeris; etc..." COMETS - Seiichi Yoshida Multimedia Comet Databases, etc. (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Comets includes "...Latest Pictures of Comets; Weekly Information about Bright Comets; Visual Comets in the Future; etc..." COMETS - GERMAN COMET GROUP - M. Meyer & A. Kammerer, Vereinigung der Sternfredunde e.V., Fachgruppe Kometen, Technischen Universität Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) Multimedia Comet Databases, etc. (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. German Comet Group Sections include "...Current Comets; Comet Image Database; Comet Articles; Analysis of Past Comet Apparitions; Gas Production and Chemical Composition for Selected Comets; etc..." For more information see Fachgruppe Kometen in der VdS COMET BRIGHTNESS ESTIMATES - International Comet Quarterly (ICQ) Multimedia Comet Brightness Estimates Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Comet Brightness Estimates "...Selected recent magnitude estimates (often preliminary values!), as reported to the IAU Circulars and International Comet Quarterly for currently-observable comets..." For more information see the International Comet Quarterly (ICQ) METEORS, METEOR SHOWERS, METEORIC FIREBALLS DATABSE, LECTURES, ETC. THE ALLENDE METEORITE REFERENCE SAMPLE - Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian Institution Multimedia Allende Meteorite Reference Sample - PDF, 53 Pages (Text & Images) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Department of Mineral Sciences METEORS, METEOR SHOWERS, METEORIC FIREBALLS, & RELATED METEORIC PHENOMENA - American Meteor Society, Ltd. Multimedia Meteors, Meteor Showers, Meteoric Fireballs, and related Meteoric Phenomena Databases, Lessons, Technical Reports, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Astrogeology, Planetary Geoscience, Planetary Atmospheres ASTROGEOLOGY DATABASES ASTROGEOLOGY - Astrogeology Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. MAP-A-PLANET - PDS Imaging Node, USGS Flagstaff & DS Imaging Node, JPL, NASA Multimedia Planetary Image Atlas (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. MapMaker "...solves this problem by making tailored maps according to the users specifications..." PLANETARY GEOSCIENCES COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, DATABASES, ETC. ISOCHRONS FOR MARTIAN CRATER POPULATIONS - W.K. Hartmann, Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona Multimedia Isochrons for Martian Crater Populations of Various Ages (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Isochrons for Martian Crater Populations of Various Ages "...a text describing the basic principles behind the Planetary Science Institute system of utilizing crater counts and isochron diagrams in order to estimate crater retention ages of surfaces on Mars..." For more information see the Planetary Science Institute Research or the Planetary Science Institute NASA'S PLANETARY GEOSCIENCES NODE - Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, JPL & NASA Multimedia Planetary Geosciences Databases (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Planetary Geosciences "...archives and distributes digital data related to the study of the surfaces and interiors of terrestrial planetary bodies..." For more information see NASA's Planetary Data System PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, DATABASES, ETC. NASA'S PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES NODE - New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, JPL & NASA Multimedia Planetary Atmospheres Databases (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Planetary Atmospheres "...responsible for the acquisition, preservation, and distribution of all non-imaging atmospheric data from all planetary missions (excluding Earth observations)..." For more information see NASA's Planetary Data System

Big-Bang, Nucleosynthesis, Stellar Evolution, Chemical Evolution of Galaxies NUCLEOSYNTHESIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS STELLAR EVOLUTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES CALCULATORS & APPLETS STAR AND PLANET FORMATION (QUICKTIME) - M.R. Bate, Astrophysics Group, School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K. Multimedia Star and Planet Formation (Text, Images & Vides/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Astrophysics Group Some examples Star and Planet Formation Videos include Star Cluster Formation in 3D Star Cluster Formation in 3D "...takes my star cluster calculations to a new level, modelling the collapse and fragmentation of a 500 solar mass cloud..." The Formation of Clusters of Stars and Brown Dwarfs The Formation of Clusters of Stars and Brown Dwarfs Videos include: "...Original Calculation Video; Denser Cloud Video; Original Calculation vs Low Metallicity Video; Denser Cloud vs Different Power Spectrum Video; Different Turbulent Power Spectrum Video; etc..." STARS, NEBULAE, GALAXIES, ETC.: INTERACTIVE JAVA APPLETS FOR TEACHING OF ASTROPHYSICS - J. Köppen, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Stars, Nebulae, Galaxies, etc.: Java Applets for Teaching of Astrophysics "...This is a collection of Java applets written for teaching, creating exercises, allowing self-study and for use as small research tools. They aim to permit an interactive exploration of the behaviour of physical systems..." For more information see Joachim Köppen's Home Page or the Observatoire astronomique de strasbourg Some examples from over "40" Astrophysics Calculators include Plasma Diagnostics Plasma Diagnostics Calculator "... interprets the emission line spectrum of ionized gaseous nebulae: from the observed intensities of the lines, temperature, density, and the abundances of the elements in the nebula are derived. Also, given these values, the expected line intensities are synthesized..." Stellar Evolution Calculator - Stellar Evolutionary Tracks Calculator - Stellar Population Calculator Stellar Evolution Calculator - Stellar Evolutionary Tracks Calculator - Stellar Population Calculator "...shows the computed evolutionary paths of any star between 0.8 and 120 solar masses in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, as well as the isochrones, i.e. the locus of stars of any given age..." Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with detailed Nucleosynthesis Calculator Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with detailed Nucleosynthesis Calculator INPUT Values include: Model "...Type of Nucleosynthesis Mode Full Normal Mode; Closed Box, IRA, Analytical Solution; etc. Age of Galaxy; Number of Time Steps; Number of Stellar Masses; etc..." Galaxy "...Gas; Stars; Initial Z; Parameters of SFR; etc..." Simple Nucleo "...Locked-up Mass Fraction; Oxygen Yield; etc..." Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with Inflow of Metal-Poor Gas Calculator Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with Inflow of Metal-Poor Gas Calculator INPUT Values include: Galaxy with Gas Inflow INPUT Values: "...lg(a) is the instantaneous ratio of the accretion rate of the gas and the star formation rate; g(M/M0) is the current ratio of the total mass (gas plus stars) and the initial gas mass; lg(gas), lg(stars) are the masses in the form of gas and long-lived stars - including stellar remnants; lg(Z/y) is the metallicity of the gas for a primarily produced element, measured in terms of the true yield y; etc..." Constant dt; log(AR) Shift; etc. Chemodynamical Evolution of Galaxies Calculator Chemodynamical Evolution of Galaxies Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Parameters: sfrCon, sfrPwr, sfrTemp, TauStar, Eta, etc.; etc..." NUCLEOSYNTHESIS MOVIES & SIMULATIONS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS MOVIES (QUICKTIME & FLASH) - Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA) Multimedia Nucleosynthesis Movies (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Nucleosynthesis Movies" include "...Supernova Movies The collapse of a rapidly rotating massive star core Movie; A radiation-diffusion/hydrodynamic simulation of the early development in 2D of the explosion of the core of a massive star Movie; etc. X-Ray Burst Simulations The evolution of the flow velocity vectors; The evolution of the magnetic field; etc. rp-process movie; etc..." For more information see Documents & Multimedia; For Scientists or the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA) NUCLEOSYNTHESIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS, ETC. NUCLEOSYNTHESIS PROCESSES: PROTON - PROTON (PP) CHAIN - A. Font, Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), U.K. Nucleosynthesis Processes: Proton - Proton (PP) Chain Calculators: "...Stars like our Sun generate energy by fusing Hydrogen into Helium. Several chain reactions are possible, depending on temperature in the center of the star. When this temperature is below 20 million K, the reactions take the proton - proton (PP) chain path..." For more information see Java Astro Lab: A Collection of Applets for Astronomy; Andreea Font's Home Page or the Astrophysics Research Institute STELLAR EVOLUTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS STARBURST99 SIMULATION - Space Telescope Science Institute (STSCI) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Click on "Run Your Own Starburst99 Simulation". The Starbust99 Simulation is "...a web based software and data package designed to model spectrophotometric and related properties of star-forming galaxies..." Starbust99 Calculator INPUT Values include: Star Formation Fixed Mass "...Total Stellar Mass..." or Continuous Star Formation: "...Star Formation Rate; Number of IMF Intervals; IMF Exponents; Mass Boundaries for IMF; Supernova Cut-Off Mass; Black Hole Cut-Off Mass..." Metallicity and Tracks "...Geneva Std., Geneva High, Padova Orig., or Padova AGB; Wind Model; Initial Time; Time Scale; Selected Tracks or All Tracks; etc..." Atmospheres and Spectra "...Time Step to Print Spectra; Atmosphere for the Low-Resolution Spectrum; Metallicity of the High-Resolution Spectrum; Library for the UV Line Spectrum; etc..." For more information see Starburst and Galaxy Evolution; Resources or the Space Telescope Science Institute (STSCI) STELLAR EVOLUTIONARY TRACKS APPLET - A. Font, Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Stellar Evolution Tracks "...visualizes stellar evolution tracks, following the evolution of the star's Age, Luminosity, Radius and Effective Temperature..." Examples of Stellar Evolution Tracks include: "...M = 1 Msolar, Z = 0.001; M= 1 Msolar, Z = 0.100; M = 20 Msolar, Z = 0.004; M = 60 Msolar, Z = 0.100; M = 120 Msolar, Z = 0.004; etc..." For more information see Java Astro Lab: A Collection of Applets for Astronomy; Andreea Font's Home Page or the Astrophysics Research Institute

Black Holes BLACK HOLES COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, ETC. BLACK HOLES - WHAT DO THEY LOOK LIKE (9/15/2012) - Lecturer: Jason Dexter, Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley; Hosted by Science@Cal Berkeley, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Black Holes - What Do They Look Like Video Lecture (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Black Holes - What Do They Look Like Video Lecture "...1 Hour Video Lecture..." For more information see the Department of Astronomy or Science@Cal, Berkeley BLACK HOLES, GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GALAXY (PHYSICS 161) - K. Griest, Department of Physics, Division of Physical Sciences, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Multimedia Black Holes, General Relativity and the Galaxy Course (Text & Images). Examples of "Black Holes, General Relativity and the Galaxy" Course Lectures include "...General and Special Relativity; Gravitational time dilation; Equivalence Principle, Gravitational Redshift and Geodesics of the Schwarzschild Metric; Shooting light rays into black holes, Inside a black hole, Orbits in the Schwarzschild metric, Effective potentials; Extracting energy from a black hole; light orbits; etc..." For more information see Kim Griest's Home Page; Kim Griest's Faculty Home Page; UCSD Physics Course Web Pages: Winter 2013; Physics Course Web Pages or the Department of Physics INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF BLACK HOLES - G. 't Hooft, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands Multimedia Introduction to the Theory of Black Holes Lecture - PDF, 49 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to the Theory of Black Holes" Sections include "...The Mectric Space and Time; Gravity; The Chandrasekhar Limit; The Reissner-Nordström Solution The Kerr and Kerr-Newman Solution; Trapped Surfaces; The Four Law of Black Hole Dynamics; Rindler Space-time; The Unruh Effect; Hawking Radiation; The Aechelburg-Sexl Metric; etc..." For more information see the Hooft Lectures; Gerard 't Hooft's Home Page or the Department of Physics and Astronomy BLACK HOLES - A. Hamilton, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy (CASA) Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Multimedia Black Holes Course (Text, Images, Animations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Black Holes" Course Lectures include "...Rules of 4D Perspective; Schwarzschild Wormhole, White Hole; Collapse to a Black Hole; Penrose diagrams; Journey into a charged black hole; Mass-radius relation for cold matter; Hawking radiation; etc..." For more information see Black Holes Home Page; Andrew Hamilton's Home Page or the Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy SIMULATING EXTREME SPACETIMES - black-holes.org, A collaborative research effort involving groups at The California Institute of Technology and Cornell University Multimedia Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes Lectures, pre-prints, etc. (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes" Subject Categories include "...Black Hole Collisions Movies; Sounds of Extreme Spacetimes in Gravitational Waves (Black Holes, Neutron Stars, etc.); Movies of Extreme Spacetimes (Gravitational Waves From a Pair of Black Holes, etc.); Lectures (Relativity, Gravitational Waves Astronomy & Numerical Relativity); etc..." Blackbody Radiation BLACKBODY RADIATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BLACKBODY RADIATION - Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Tennessee Multimedia Blackbody Radiation (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Blackbody Radiation "...The primary law governing blackbody radiation is the Planck Radiation Law, which governs the intensity of radiation emitted by unit surface area into a fixed direction (solid angle) from the blackbody as a function of wavelength for a fixed temperature..." "...we can derive from the Planck Law two other radiation laws that are very useful. The Wien Displacement Law, and the Stefan-Boltzmann Law..." Examples of Blackbody Radiation Applets include "...The Planck Law Applet; Wien's Law, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, and Color Indices Applet; etc..." For more information see Astronomy 162: Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmology or the Department of Physics & Astronomy Coordinates COORDINATES CALCULATORS & APPLETS HEASARC TOOLS: CALCULATORS - NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. HEASARC Web Tools are "...designed to assist scientists in their proposal and general data analysis efforts..." HEASARC Web Tool Categories include: "...General Tools; Multi-Mission Tools & Mission Tools..." For more information see NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC) Examples of Astrophysics Calculators & Astrophysics Tools include Object Position Finder, Coordinate Converter, and Separation Calculato NH Column Density: Determine Neutral Hydrogen Column Density by Target Coordinates Multiplex Energy Converter: Energy/Frequency/Wavelength Converter WebSpec: Simulate Spectral Data for Missions/Instruments X-Ray Background Tool: Calculate Average X-ray Background Count Rates from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey Diffuse Background Maps xTime: Convert RXTE and Swift Times to other Time Systems and Formats and vice versa HEXTErock: HEXTE Cluster Background Positions on the Sky HELIOWEB - Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Multimedia Heliocentric Trajectories for Selected Spacecraft, Planets, and Comets Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Heliocentric Trajectories for Selected Spacecraft, Planets, and Comets: "...Positions are available in Solar Ecliptic (SE) and Heliographic (HG) (rotating and inertial) systems for 12 Spacecraft, 2 Planets and 8 Comets. They can be obtained at desired time period, time resolution..." For more information see Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) or the Goddard Space Flight Center Cosmology COSMOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COSMOLOGY MODELING CALCULATORS & APPLETS COSMOLOGY JAVALAB - C. Mihos, Department of Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmology Calculator "...you can explore how the age and fate of the Universe depend on these factors, and how we can constrain cosmological..." For more information see Current Applets; Dynamical Astronomy JavaLab; Chris Mihos' Home Page or the Department of Astronomy COSMOLOGY CALCULATOR - C. Kobulnicky, Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmology Calculator "...Enter fundamental cosmological parameters and get back useful physical parameters about objects in the distant universe..." Cosmology Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Redshift (z); H0; OmegaMatter; OmegaLambda; Luminosity..." Cosmology Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...Age of Universe at z; Lookback time to z; Angular Scale at z; Surface Brightness Factor; etc..." For more information see Chip Kobulnicky's Home Page or the Department of Physics & Astronomy COSMOLOGY CALCULATOR - A. Cappi, Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, and the Dipartimento di Astronomia, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmology Calculator "...calculates a number of useful quantities (distances, angles and lookback time) given a cosmological model and a redshift..." Cosmology Calculator INPUT Values include: "...H0; OmegaMatter; OmegaLambda; Redshift..." Cosmology Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...General properties of the model; Values for the chosen redshift: Luminosity Distance; Comoving Distance; Angular Distance; Length corresponding to 1 degree; etc..." For more information see Alberto Cappi's Home Page; Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna COSMOS CALCULATOR - S.M. Morgan, Department of Earth Science, University of Northern Iowa Cosmology Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Matter Density (Omega); Cosmological Constant (Lambda); Hubble Constant (H); Redshift (z)..." For more information see Astronomical Javascript, Java Applet Resources; Siobahn M. Morgan's Home Page; Department of Earth Science or the University of Northern Iowa NED WRIGHT'S COSMOLOGY CALCULATOR - E. L. Wright, Division of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Division of Physical Sciences, College of Letters & Sciences, UCLA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmology Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Redshift (z); H0; OmegaMatter; Open sets Omegavac = 0 giving an open Universe; Flat sets Omegavac = 1-OmegaMatter giving a flat Universe; etc..." Cosmology Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...Age at Redshift z was; Light Travel Time was; Comoving Radial Distance is; Comoving Volume within Redshift z is; Angular Size Distance DA is; etc..." For more information see Ned Wright's Cosmology Tutorial; E.L. (Ned) Wright's Home Page; Division of Astronomy and Astrophysics or the Department of Physics & Astronomy

Doppler Shift - Doppler Effect DOPPLER EFFECT LECTURES, LESSONS, ETC. THE DOPPLER EFFECT LECTURES - Author: Joe Wolfe, Multimedia Design: George Hatsidimitris, Laboratories in Waves and Sound: John Smith, Department of Environmental and Applied Physics, School of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Multimedia Doppler Effect Lectures (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Examples of "Doppler Effect" Lectures include "...The Doppler Effect; Moving Observer; Moving Source; Light and Electromagnetic Radiation; Shock Waves; etc..." For more information see Physclips; Joe Wolfe's Educational Pages; Joe Wolfe's Home Page; Department of Environmental and Applied Physics; School of Physics or the Faculty of Science DOPPLER SHIFT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS RELATIVISTIC DOPPLER EFFECT CALCULATOR - C.R. Nave, Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, Georgia State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Relativistic Doppler Effect Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Relative VelocitySource; Relative VelocityObserved; etc..." For more information see Relativistic Doppler Effect; HyperPhysics; Carl Rod Nave's Home Page or the Department of Physics & Astronomy DOPPLER EFFECT (JAVA APPLET) - J.M. Pearce & W. Christian, Department of Physics, Davidson College, North Carolina For more information see Physlets; WebPhysics or the Department of Physics Earth Impact Effects EARTH IMPACT EFFECTS EARTH IMPACT EFFECTS PROGRAM - R. Marcus, H.J. Melosh, & G. Collins, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Department of Planetary Sciences, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Earth Impact Effects Program "...an easy-to-use, interactive web site for estimating the regional environmental consequences of an impact on Earth. This program will estimate the ejecta distribution, ground shaking, atmospheric blast wave, and thermal effects of an impact as well as the size of the crater produced..." Earth Impact Effects Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Distance from Impact; Projectile Diameter & Density; Impact Velocity & Impact Angle; Target (Water; Sediment; Crystaline Rock);..." For more information see H. Jay Melosh's Home Page or the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory IMPACT CRATERS - Planetary Science Institute Multimedia The Explorer's Guide to Impact Craters (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. The Explorer's Guide to Impact Craters Sections include "...Introduction to Impact Craters (Background); Virtual Tours of Earth Impact Craters Barringer Impact Crater; Houghton Impact Structure; Roes Impact Structure. Computer Simulations of Impacts; Impact Rocks; etc..." For more information see Education: Visualization Projects or the Planetary Science Institute Ephemeris EPHEMERIS CALCULATORS & APPLETS EPHEMERIS GENERATOR - Solar System Dynamics Group, JPL VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ephemeris Calculator INPUT Values include: Ephemeris Type "...Observer Table; Vector Table or Orbital Elements..." Target Body "...Sun & Planets; Jovian Satellites; Spacecraft; etc..." Observer Location "...Geocentric; etc..." Time Span; Table Settings; Display/Output. Ephemeris Calculator output values include: Geophysical Data Geophysical Data of Planets "...Mean radius; Mass; Volume; Sidereal rot. period; Mean solar day; Mom. of Inertia; Core radius; Atmos. pressure; Mean Temperature; Density; etc..." Geophysical Data of Satellites "...Physical Properties (Radius; Mass; Density; etc.); Orbits (Semi-major axis; Orbital period; Rotational period; etc.)..." Ephemeris Results "...Target; Target radii; Center geodetic; Center cylindric; Center radii; Target primary; Interfering body; Deflecting body; R.A._(ICRF/J2000.0)_DEC; APmag; S-brt; delta; etc..." For more information see SSD-JPL; Observer's Tool Corner or Solar System Dynamics Group MARS EPHEMERIS GENERATOR - M. Showalter, Planetary Rings Node, Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, JPL & NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Rings Mode On-Line Tools; Planetary Rings Node or NASA's Planetary Data System Other Ephemris Calculators include Jupiter Ephemeris Generator Neptune Ephemeris Generator Saturn Ephemeris Generator Uranus Ephemeris Generator NEW OBJECT EPHEMERIS GENERATOR - Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) VERY EXTENSIVE. New Object Ephemeris Generator "...Generate ephemerides for "new" discoveries before assignment of official provisional designations..." For more information see IAU: Minor Planet Center Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory or the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA)

Extinction EXTINCTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION & GALACTIC EXTINCTION CALCULATOR - Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, & under contract the Office of Space Science, Research and Program Management Office, NASA VERY EXTENSIVE. Coordinate Transformation & Galactic Extinction Calculator "...an easy-to-use coordinate transformation, precession, and position angle calculator provided for your convenience..." Coordinate Transformation & Galactic Extinction Calculator INPUT Values include: "...System (Equatorial; Ecliptic; Galactic; or Super Galactic); Equinox; Observation Epoch; RA or Longitude; DEC or Latitude; etc..." For more information see NASA/IPAC Extragllactic Database (NED) & Calculators; Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) or JPL GALACTIC DUST REDDENING & EXTINCTION CALCULATOR - NASA/IPAC InfraRed Science Archive (IRSA), Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, JPL & NASA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Galactic Dust Reddening and Extinction Calculator "...Computes the interstellar reddening for a line of sight and/or region of the sky, returning the corresponding 100 um intensity, reddening maps, region statistics and estimated Galactic extinction..." "...The user should beware that the technique is restricted by both spatial resolution limitations and assumptions that are used to derive the dust temperature along the line of sight..." For more information see IRSA or the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center THE LEIDEN/ARGENTINE/BONN GALACTIC H SURVEY CALCULATOR - Radio Astronomy Department, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhemlms-Universität, University of Bonn VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn Galactic H Survey (LAB Survey) "...contains the final data release of observations of λ21-cm emission from Galactic neutral hydrogen over the entire sky, merging the Leiden/Dwingeloo Survey..." & "...is intended to be a general resource useful to a wide range of studies of the physical and structural characteristices of the Galactic interstellar environment..." For more information see the Radio Astronomy Department, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie YORK EXTINCTION SOLVER (YES) - M.L. McCall, York University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The York Extinction Solver (YES) "...is a facility for evaluating the Galactic or localized extinction of any celestial body in any filter from any index of reddening..." York Extinction Solver Calculators include: Compute Optical Depth from Reddening Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Category (galaxies; galaxies_indef; nuclei; starclusters; stars); Axis Ratio; Rotational Velocity; Optical Depth Known; Systems (bessell; hts; johnson; pfuei; etc.); Filters (g, r, i or z; UX, BX, B, V, etc.); Filter Range; etc..." Compute Extinction from Optical Depth Calculator; Compute Extinction Coefficients Calculator..." Extrasolar Planets - Exoplanets EXOPLANETS EXPLAINED EXOPLANETS EXPLAINED - Authors: John Johnson & His Team of Scientists, ExoLab - John Johnson Exoplanets Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (Caltech); Images by: Jorge Cham, PHD Comics; Hosted by PHD Comics Multimedia Exoplanets Explained Video (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Exoplanets Explained Video "...There are Billions of Planets in our Galaxy..." For more information see ExoLab - John Johnson Exoplanets Laboratory; PHD TV or PHD Comics EXTRASOLAR PLANETS DATABASE EXTRASOLAR PLANETS - G.W. Marcy, Department of Astronomy and the Center of Integrative Planetary Science, U.C. Berkeley Multimedia Extrasolar Planets Database & Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Geoffrey W. Marcy's Home Page; Department of Astronomy or the Center of Integrative Planetary Science EXTRASOLAR PLANETS ENCYCLOPEDIA - J. Schneider, Paris-Meudon-Nançay Observatory Multimedia Extrasolar Planets Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Paris-Meudon-Nançay Observatory SEARCH FOR HABITABLE PLANETS PLANETQUEST - THE SEARCH FOR ANOTHER EARTH - Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, NASA Multimedia PlanetQuest - The Searh for Another Earth (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). High Frequency Transmitter Antennas HAARP HF TRANSMITTER PERFORMANCE CALCULATORS & APPLETS CALCULATE HAARP HF TRANSMITTER PERFORMANCE - High Frequency Active Auroa Research Program, Gakona, Alaska VERY EXTENSIVE. HAARP HF Transmitter Performance Calculator "...note that this calculation is based on ideal engineering assumptions and the results will represent the best performance that can be expected for the given array sizes"..." HAARP HF Transmitter Performance Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Array Size (Columns; Rows); Frequency; Ionospheric Layer..." For more information see High Frequency Active Auroa Research Program Hurtzsrung-Russell Diagram (HR Diagram) HERTZSRUNG-RUSSELL DIAGRAM CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS THE HERTZSRUNG-RUSSELL DIAGRAM - ASPIRE Lab, High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes), University of Utah Multimedia Hertzsrung-Russell Diagram (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Star Life Cycle Lab; ASPIRE Lab or the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) Integrals INTEGRAL CALCULATORS & APPLETS INTEGRALS: THE INTEGRATOR - Wolfram Research, Inc VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Wolfram Mathematica Online Integrator "...The Power To Do Integrals As The World Has Never Seen Before..." Wolfram Mathematica Online Integrator "...is powered by webMathematica, so it expects input to be in Mathematica syntax. It can also parse many expressions when they are not in exactly the right form, so people who are unfamiliar with Mathematica syntax details will not usually encounter problems..." For more information see Wolfram Research, Inc Interplanetary Dust INTERPLANETARY DUST COURSES, LECTURES, DATABASES, ETC. THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM: DUST - M.W. Richmond, Department of Physics, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology Multimedia The Interstellar Medium: Dust Lecture (Text & Images). For more information see Stellar Astronomy; Michael Richmond's Home Page or the Department of Physics NASA'S SMALL BODIES NODE - Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, JPL & NASA Multimedia Comets, Asteroids & Interplanetary Dust Databases (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Small Bodies Node "...This node is concerned with gathering, restoring and archiving data sets related to comets, asteroids and interplanetary dust..." For more information see NASA's Planetary Data System Ionosphere IONOSPHERE CALCULATORS & APPLETS INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE CALCULATORS & APPLETS FOR IONOSPHERE REAL-TIME DATABASES SEE THE SPACE WEATHER: IONOSPHERE Jupiter JUPITER CALCULATORS & APPLETS JUPITER EVENTS - CALCULATOR - Dan Bruton, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University & Midnight Kite Solutions VERY VERY EXTESNSIVE. Jupiter Events Calculator "...How to find Jupiter in the Sky & How to find the Great Red Spot..." For more information see Java; Midnight Kite Solutions or Dan Bruton's Home Page JUPITER'S MOONS CALCULATORS & APPLETS POSITIONS OF JUPITER'S MOONS - A. Peck Jupiter's Moons "...Here are the four bright "Galilean" moons of Jupiter -- Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto -- and their shadows. It also shows the approximate position of Jupiter's..." For more information see Akkana's Astronomy Page; The Shallow Sky or Akkana Peck's Home Page Magnetosphere MAGNETOSPHERE RELATED CENTERS FOR MAGNETOSPHERE REAL-TIME DATABASES SEE THE SPACE WEATHER: MAGNETOSPHERE MAGNETOSPHERE CALCULATORS & APPLETS MAGNETOSPHERE (JAVA APPLETS) - UCLA Space Science Center (SSC), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP), UCLA Multimedia Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Software or the UCLA Space Science Center (SSC), UCLA Some examples from over "8" Magnetosphere Calculators include Dipole Magnetic Fields - Isocontours Calculator Rankine Hugoniot Calculator Specularly Reflected Ions Calculator MHD Wave Graphs

Modeling - Space Physics SPACE PHYSICS MODELS CALCULATORS & APPLETS SPACE WEATHER MODELS SPACE WEATHER MODELS: MODELWEB - Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Multimedia Model Databases & Model Calculators (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) "...is a multi-agency partnership. The CCMC provides, to the international research community, access to modern space science simulations. In addition, the CCMC supports the transition to space weather operations of modern space research models..." Examples of "Space Weather Models" include Atmospheric Models "...Density and Temperature Models; Wind Models..." Ionospheric Models "...Electron Density Models; Total Electron Content Models; etc...." Plasmaspheric Models; Trapped Particle Models; Gravitation/Geopotential Models; Geomagnetic (Main) Field Models; Magnetospheric Field Models; Solar and Interplanetary Space Models; Planetary Models; etc..." For more information see Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) or the Goddard Space Flight Center Some examples from over "40" Space Weather Models include MSIS-E-90 Atmosphere Model MSIS-E-90 Atmosphere Model Calculator "...enables the computation and plotting of MSIS parameters: neutral temperature, exospheric temperature, densities of He, O, N2, O2, Ar, H, and N, and total density..." DGRF/IGRF Geomagnetic Field Model 1945-2015 and Related Parameters Geomagnetic Field Model Calculator "...enables to calculate the following parameters for one point: (a) Transformation of GEOgraphic coordinates to Corrected GeoMagnetic (CGM) coordinates and vice versa. (b) the DGRF/IGRF magnetic field components H (nT), D (deg.), and Z (nT); (c) the dipole latitude and longitude; (d) the geographic..." IGRF/DGRF Model Parameters and Corrected Geomagnetic Coordinates GRF/DGRF Model Parameters and Corrected Geomagnetic Coordinates Calculator "...enables computation of a set of the main geomagnetic field model parameters and transformation from the GEOcentric spherical (geographic) coordinates to the Corrected GeoMagnetic (CGM) coordinates and vice versa..." NASA Cosmic Modeling Software NASA COSMIC MODELING SOFTWARE NASA COSMIC MODELING SOFTWARE - Open Channel Foundation VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Open Channel Publishes the NASA COSMIC Collection "...consists of over 500 programs..." Examples of Modeling Software Categories include: "...Aerodynamics Applications; Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems; Cargo and Packing Logistics; Electronic Structures; Finite Element Analysis; Laser Applications; Metallurgy Software; Thermal Tools; Trajectories and Orbital Mechanics; Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering; etc..." NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC - CALCULATORS & APPLETS NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE (NED) CALCULATORS - Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, & under contract the Office of Space Science, Research and Program Management Office, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. NASA/IPAC Extragalatic Database "...is built around a master list of extragalactic objects for which cross-identifications of names have been established, accurate positions and redshifts entered to the extent possible, and some basic data collected..." For more information see Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) or JPL Examples of Calculators include Advanced All-Sky Search For Objects By Parameters Advanced All-Sky Search For Objects By Parameters Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Redshift Constraints; Photometric Constraint; Flux density; Radio, Infrared, Optical, Millimeter, Sub-Millimeter, Ultraviolet, X-ray or Gamma ray; Object Type (Classified Extragalactic Objects, Unclassified Extragalactic Candidates; Components of Galaxies); Exclude objects with ANY of the following selected types; etc..." NED Velocity Correction Calculator NED Velocity Correction Calculator INPUT Values include: "...RA or Longitude; DEC or Latitude; Velocity; System; Equinox; etc..." NED Sky Plot Calculator NED Sky Plot Calculator INPUT Values include: "...POSS/ESO Scale; SAO Stars; System; etc..." Nuclear Astrophysics NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS (PHY 983) - H. Schatz, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University Multimedia Nuclear Astrophysics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Nuclear Astrophysics" Course Lectures include "...Masses and Decays; Nuclear Burning in the Sun, pp-chain; Introduction to Stellar Reaction Rate; Direct Reaction Rates: Nuclear Properties that are Relevant for Reaction Rates; Resonant Reaction Rates; r-process; etc..." For more information see Nuclear Astrophysics Course Home Page; Teaching; Hendrik Schatz's Home Page or the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS DATABASES FOR MORE NUCLEAR DATABASES SEE PHYSICS DATABASES, PERIODIC TABLES, ETC. FOR NUCLEAR ENGINEERING COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, DATABASES, ETC. SEE NUCLEAR ENGINEERING CENTER Nuclear Astrophysics Index of Databases NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS DATABASES - NucAstroData Multimedia Astrophysics Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Nuclear Astrophysics" Databases Subject Categories include "...Reaction Rate Collections with Combined Experimental & Theoretical Rates Databases; Theoretical Reaction Rates Databases; Weak Reaction Rates Databases; Experimental & Evaluated Cross Sections Databases; etc..." For more information see NucAstroData Examples of Nuclear Astrophysics Databases MAXWELLIAN-AVERAGED CROSS SECTIONS (MACS) AND ASTROPHYSICAL REACTION RATES - National Nuclear Data Center Multimedia Maxwellian-Averaged Cross Sections (MACS) and Astrophysical Reaction Rates Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see National Nuclear Data Center REACLIB DATABASE - Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), Hosted by the Nuclear Astrophysics Group, NSCL Multimedia REACLIB Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. REACLIB Database "...a database for nuclear reaction rates to be used in astrophysical model calculations..." For more information see the Nuclear Astrophysics Group, NSCL or the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA) KARLSRUHE ASTROPHYSICAL DATABASE OF NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN STARS (KADoNiS) - Maintained by: Iris Dillmann (Physik Department E12 und Excellence Cluster Universe); and Ralf Plag (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH) Multimedia Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars (KADoNiS) "...is an online database for cross sections relevant to the s process and p process..." NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS - Group T-2, (Nuclear Theory and Applications), Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laborabory (LANL) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Nuclear Astrophysics "...nuclear data for astrophysics calculations, such as nucleosynthesis, stellar evolution, the Big Bang, and super-nova dynamics...". For more information see T-2 Nuclear Data or T-2 Nuclear Information Service

Orbital Mechanics ORBITAL MECHANICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ORBITS CALCULATORS - Tony Dunn VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "16" Orbits Calculators include Lagrange Point Finder "...Computes the distance to the the 5 Lagrange points, and..." Velocity Calculator "...Computes the orbital velocity of an object..." Period Calculator "...Computes the orbital period of an object..." Hill Sphere Calculator "...Computes the Hill Sphere of an object..." Kozai Eccentricity Calcultor; etc..." For more information see Gravity Simulator INTERACTIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE SHAPES OF PLANETARY OBJECTS - R.L. Bowman Multimedia Interactive Investigation of the Shapes of Planetary Orbits (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "Interactive Investigation of the Shapes of Planetary Orbits" includes Interactive Planetary Orbits "...generate a graph of a planetary orbit given its semi-major axis and eccentricity..." Kepler's Laws Calculators include "...Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion Calculator; Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion; Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion..." For more information see Physics and Astronomy Simulations or Ed Tech by Bowman KEPLER'S EQUATION FOR ELLIPTICAL MOTION, A NUMBERICAL SOLUTION UTILITY - AKiTi.ca, David Binner, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. Kepler's Equation for Elliptical Motion, a Numerical Solution Utility: "...is based on the program "FZERO.F", written by L. F. Shampine (SNLA) and H. A. Watts (SNLA), based upon a method by T. J. Dekker..." For more information see Math Functions: Miscellaneous Mathematical Utilities or AKiTi ORBIT INTEGRATORS - D.P. Hamilton, Department of Astronomy, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Astronomy Workshop Tools; Astronomy Workshop or the Department of Astronomy Examples of "Orbital Intergrators" Calculators include Central Force Integrator Three -Body Integrator & Lagrange Point Explorer Planets, Solar System, Asteroids, Comets, Meteor Showers SOLAR SYSTEM GAZETTER OF PLANETARY NOMENCLATURE - Astrogeology Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Gazetter of Planetary Nomenclature (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Astrogeology Research Program THE NINE PLANETS SOLAR SYSTEM TOUR - Bill Arnett Multimedia Solar System Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Nine Planets Solar System Tour "...is an overview of the history, mythology, and current scientific knowledge of each of the planets and moons in our solar system. Each page has text and images, some have sounds and movies, most provide references to additional related information..." PHOTOJOURNAL - A collaboration between NASA's Planetary Data System Imaging Node, the Solar System Visualization Project,and JPL's Media Relations Office Multimedia Solar System Course (Text, Images, Animations & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Photojournal "...is your interface to the Planetary Image Archive (PIA) contained within the Planetary Data System Imaging Node - Updated Daily..." SOLAR SYSTEM - National Geographic Multimedia Solar System Lessons (Text, Images, Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Solar System "...Your chance to discover the wonders of our solar system in a spectacular 3-D environment. Take a fly-by tour of the sun and each planet in its orbit,..." For more information see National Geographic SUN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS IPS CULGOORA TYPE II TOOL; SHOCK SPEED CALCULATOR - Culgoora Solar Observatory, New South Wales, Australia VERY EXTENSIVE. Shock Speed Calculator is "...used to give an estimate of the arrival time of an interplantery shock using the speed (km/sec) obtained from the radiospectrograph..." For more information see Solar or the IPS Radio and Space Services SOLAR ROTATION ACTIVITY (JAVA APPLET) - Culgoora Solar Observatory, New South Wales, Australia VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Solar or the IPS Radio and Space Services PLANET CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PLANATARY CALCULATOR - A.L. Proctor & D.P. Hamilton, Department of Astronomy, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Plantary Calculator for Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto INPUT Values include: "...Planet Mass; Planet Radius; Planet Density; Planet Oblateness; Spin Period; Surface Gravity; Escape Velocity; Synchronous Orbit; Planet Tilt; Semimajor Axis, etc..." For more information see Astronomy Workshop Tools; Astronomy Workshop or the Department of Astronomy RINGED PLANETS CALCULATORS & APPLETS RINGS NODE ON-LINE TOOLS - M. Showalter, Planetary Rings Node, Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, JPL & NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Rings Node is "...a set of tools to assist planetary scientists in the planning, acquisition and interpretation of observations of the ringed planets..." For more information see Planetary Rings Node or NASA's Planetary Data System Some examples from over "24" Interactive Calculators & Viewers include Jupiter Viewer 2.3 Jupiter Viewer "...enables you to generate a Postscript file showing the appearance of the Jupiter system at a specified time. All bodies are rendered with terminators and shadows as appropriate. Selected background stars can also be included..." Saturn Moon Tracker Saturn Moon Tracker "...enables you to generate a Postscript file showing the east-west motion of Saturnian satellites within a specified time period. The distance of each selected moon from the planet's axis is plotted in units of either arcsec or Saturnian radii..." Martian Moon Tracker 2.0 Martian Moon Tracker "...enables you to generate a Postscript file showing the east-west motion of the Martian satellites within a specified time period. The distance of each selected moon from the planet's axis is plotted in units of either arcsec or Martian radii..." MOON CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LUNAR PERIGEE AND APOGEE CALCULATOR - J. Walker, Switzerland Lunar Perigee and Apogee Calculator "...To display the date, time, and distance of lunar perigees and apogees for a given year, enter the year in the box and press "Calculate"..." For more information see Welcome to Earth and Moon Viewer or John Walker's Home Page SOLAR SYSTEM CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SOLAR SYSTEM SIMULATOR - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) BUILD A SOLAR SYSTEM - The Exploratorium VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Exploratorium SOLAR SYSTEM COLLISIONS - D.P. Hamilton, Department of Astronomy, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Solar System Collisions Calculator "...Send an asteroid or comet hurtling toward your favorite planet!..." For more information see Astronomy Workshop Tools; Astronomy Workshop or the Department of Astronomy

Pulsar PULSAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS EXTRACT 'FIRST' IMAGE CUTOUTS - The FIRST Image Cutout Server and Hosted by the LLNL Institute for Geophysics & Planetary Physics VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Extract FIRST Image Cutouts is "...a project designed to produce the radio equivalent of the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey over 10,000 square degrees of the North Galactic Cap..." For more information see The FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm) Image Cutout Server or The VLA FIRST Survey Relativity GENERAL RELATIVITY, DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY, DIFFERENTIABLE MANIFOLDS, SEMI-RIEMANN GEOMETRY AND GENERAL RELATIVITY, ETC. COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. RELATIVITY (EINSTEIN LIGHT) - Author: Joe Wolfe, Multimedia Design: George Hatsidimitris, Laboratories in Waves and Sound: John Smith, Department of Environmental and Applied Physics, School of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Multimedia Relativity Lectures (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY EXTENSIVE. Relativity Lectures (Einstein Light) include "...Galileo: Mechanics & Relativity; Maxwell: Electricity & Magnestism; Einstein: Relativity & Constant c; Time Dilation; E = mc2; Beyond Relativity..." For more information see Joe Wolfe's Educational Pages; Joe Wolfe's Home Page; Department of Environmental and Applied Physics; School of Physics or the Faculty of Science INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND GENERAL RELATIVITY - S. Waner (Emeritus), Department of Mathematics, Hofstra University Multimedia Differential Geometry and General Relativity Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to Differential Geometry and General Relativity" Course Chapters include "...Smooth Manifolds and Scalar Fields; Contravariant and Covariant Vector Fields; Riemannian Manifolds; Covariant Differentiation; Geodesics and Local Inertial Frames; The Riemann Curvature Tensor; The Stress Tensor and the Relativistic Stress-Energy Tensor; Three Basic Premises of General Relativity; etc..." For more information see Online Utilities & Software - Calculators; Finite Mathematics & Applied Calculus Resource Page; Stefan Waner's Home Page; Department of Mathematics or Hofstra University DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY - VOLUME I: CURVES & SURFACES AND VOLUME II: MANIFOLDS - M. Ghomi, School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology Multimedia Differential Geometry - Volume II: Manifolds Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Differential Geometry - Volume I: Curves and Surfaces" Course Lectures include "...Definition of curves, examples, reparametrizations, length, Cauchy's integral formula, curves of constant width; General definition of curvature using polygonal approximations (Fox-Milnor's theorem); Osculating circle, Kneser's Nesting Theorem, total curvature, convex curves; Torsion, Frenet-Seret frame, helices, spherical curves; Intrinsic metric and isometries of surfaces, Gauss's Theorema Egregium, Brioschi's formula for Gaussian curvature; The definition of geodesic curvature, and the proof that it is intrinsic; etc..." Examples of "Differential Geometry - Volume II: Manifolds" Course Lectures include Immersions and Embeddings. Proof of the embeddibility of comapct manifolds in Euclidean space; Definition of differential structures and smooth mappings between manifolds; Proofs of the inverse function theorem and the rank theorem; Proof of Whitney's 2n+1 embedding theorem; Various definitions of orientability and the proof of their equivalence. Proof of the nonorientability of the Mobius strip and the nonembeddability of the real projective plane in R3. Proof that RPn is oreintable for n odd and is not orientable for n even; Definition of a Riemannian metric, and examples of Riemannian manifolds, including quotients of isometry groups and the hyperbolic space. The notion of distance on a Riemannian manifold and proof of the equivalence of the metric topology of a Riemannian manifold with its original topology; Riemannian connections, brackets, proof of the fundamental theorem of Riemannian geometry, induced connection on Riemannian submanifolds, reparameterizations and speed of geodesics, geodesics of the Poincare's upper half plane; Exponential map and geodesic flow; etc..." For more information see Differential Geometry I Home Page; Courses; Mohammad Ghomi's Home Page or the School of Mathematics GENERAL RELATIVITY LECTURE NOTES - Matthias Blau, Gravity and String Theory Group, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics - Institute for Theoretical Physics, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland Multimedia General Relativity Course Lecture Notes - PDF - 229 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "General Relativity" Course Chapters include "...The Physics and Geometry of Geodesics; Tensor Algebra; Physics in a Gravitational Field; The Lie Derivative, Symmetries and Killing Vectors; The Schwarzschild Metric; Particle and Photon Orbits in the Schwarzschild Geometry; Linearised Gravity and Gravitational Waves; Kaluza-Klein Theory; etc..." For more information see Matthias Blau's Lecture Notes; Matthias Blau's Home Page; Gravity and String Theory Group or the Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics - Institute for Theoretical Physics DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY (MA3429) - D.R. Wilkins, School of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland Multimedia Differential Geometry Course - PDF, 206 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Differential Geometry" Course Parts & Sections include Part I (PDF, 63 Pages) "...Topological Spaces and Smooth Manifolds; Tangent Spaces and Derivatives; Submanifolds of Smooth Manifolds; etc..." Part II (PDF, 77 Pages) "...Tensors and Multilinear Algebra; Vector Bundles; Vector Fields, Lie Brackets and Flows..." Part III (PDF, 72 Pages) "...Connections, Curvature, and Torsion; Riemannian and Pseudo-Riemannian Manifolds; etc..." For more information see Courses & Lecture Notes; David R. Wilkins Home Page or the School of Mathematics GEOMETRY OF MANIFOLDS - Denis Auroux, Department of Mathematics, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Geometry of Manifolds Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geometry of Manifolds Course "...The main emphasis is on the geometry of symplectic manifolds, but the material also includes long digressions into complex geometry and the geometry of 4-manifolds, with special emphasis on topological considerations..." Examples from over "22" "Geometry of Manifolds" Course Lectures include "...Symplectic vector fields, flux; isotopy and deformation equivalence; Moser's theorem; Darboux's theorem; More Floer homology; almost-complex structures; compatibility with a symplectic structure; polar decomposition; compatible triple; Horizontal distributions; metric connections; curvature of a connection: Intrinsic definition; expression in terms of connection 1-form; Nijenhuis tensor; integrability; square of the dbar operator; Newlander-Nirenberg theorem; Kähler manifolds; complex projective space; Symplectic fibrations; Thurston's construction of symplectic forms; symplectic Lefschetz fibrations, Gompf and Donaldson theorems; Symplectic branched covers of symplectic 4-manifolds; etc..." For more information see Geometry of Manifolds Home Page; Denis Auroux's Home Page; Mathematics Courses; MIT OpenCourseWare or the Department of Mathematics GEOMETRY OF MANIFOLDS - T. Mrowka, Department of Mathematics, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Geometry of Manifolds Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geometry of Manifolds Course is "...analyzes topics such as the differentiable manifolds and vector fields and forms. It also makes an introduction to Lie groups, the de Rham theorem, and Riemannian manifolds..." Examples of "Geometry of Manifolds" Graduate Course Lectures include "...Smooth Maps and the Notion of Equivalence; Vector Bundles and the Differential: New Vector Bundles from Old; Vector Bundles and the Differential: The Tangent Bundle; Sard's Theorem; Stratified Spaces; Smale's Sard Theorem; etc..." For more information see Geometry of Manifolds Home Page; Tomasz Mrowka's Home Page; Mathematics Courses; MIT OpenCourseWare or the Department of Mathematics SEMI-RIEMANN GEOMETRY AND GENERAL RELATIVITY - S. Sternberg, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University Multimedia Semiriemannian Geometry Course (Book) - PDF, 251 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Click on "Semi-Riemann Geometry and General Relativity". Examples of "Semi-Riemann Geometry and General Relativity" Course (Book) Chapters include "...The Principle Curvatures; Rules of Calculus; Levi-Civita Connections; The bundle of frames; Connections on principal bundles; Gauss’s lemma; Special relativity; Die Grundlagen der Physik; Submersions; Petrov types; etc..." For more information see Shlomo Sternberg's Home Page; Shlomo Sternberg's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Mathematics DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY CALCULATIONS GRTENSOR II DEMONSTRATIONS - P. Musgrave, Astronomy Research Group, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GRTensorII "...a computer algebra package for performing calculations in the general area of differential geometry. Its purpose is the calculation of tensor components on curved spacetimes specified in terms of a metric or set of basis vectors..." Demonstrations of GRTensorII currently available are in the areas of: "...General Relativity & Geometry; Black Hole Perturbations; The GRJunction Package & Engineering Applications.." For more information see GRTensor II or the Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy RELATIVITY CALCULATORS & APPLETS THE RELATIVITY CALCULATOR - J.T. Mitchell, PHENIX Experimental Group, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) VERY EXTENSIVE. Relativity Calculator "...calculates physical properties at relativistic speeds. You input the speed of the object, its mass, length, and clock time, and the calculator will automatically calculate what the object will look like to you..." For more information see Relativistic; Jeffery Mitchell's RHIClets; Jeffery Thomas Mitchell's Home Page; PHENIX Software Page; PHENIX Experimental Group; Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) or the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) RELATIVITY APPLET - T. Tao, Analysis Group, Department of Mathematics, Division of Physical Sciences, College of Letters and Science, UCLA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Relativity Calculator Options include: "...An Inertial Reference Frame; An Inertial Object of Zero Length; A Non-inertial Object of Zero Length; A Inertial Object of Non-zero Length; A Light Ray or An Event..." For more information see Applets; Terence Tao's Home Page; Analysis Group or the Department of Mathematics Satellites PLANET SATELLITE CALCULATORS & APPLETS SATELLITE CALCULATOR - A.L. Proctor & D.P. Hamilton, Department of Astronomy, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Satellite Calculator for Mars Satellites; Earth Satellites; Jupiter Satellites; Saturn Satellites; Uranus Satellites; etc. include: "...Satellite Mass; Satellite Radius; Satellite Density; Surface Gravity; Escape Velocity; Semimajor Axis; etc..." For more information see Astronomy Workshop Tools; Astronomy Workshop or the Department of Astronomy Space Missions, Space Flight, Orbital Tracking, etc. SPACE MISSIONS EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY CURRENT & FUTURE MISSIONS - European Space Agency For more information see the European Space Agency JPL CURRENT & FUTURE MISSIONS - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA NASA CURRENT & FUTURE MISSIONS - NASA REAL TIME ORBITAL TRACKING NASA REAL TIME ORBITAL TRACKING DATA - NASA Tracking Applications include Live 2D Java Satellite Tracking Maps "...is a great way to locate Hubble Space Telescope, Chandra X-Ray Observatory or any of your favorite satellites other than International Space Station or Space Shuttle..." Human Space Flight's Tracking Map is "...a part of the Human Space Flight web site, shows the position of the International Space Station and, when it is flying, the Space Shuttle..." Live 3D Java Tracking Display "...Did you know there are over eight thousand artificial objects orbiting Earth? Over 2,500 are satellites, operative and inoperative. The remaining objects are orbital debris: parts such as nosecone shrouds, lens, hatch covers, rocket bodies, payloads that have disintegrated or exploded, and even objects that "escape" from manned spacecraft during operations..." Predictions for Viewing Space Station, or Other Satellites; etc..." For more information see NASA INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION - NASA SPACECRAFT COORDINATES CALCULATORS & APPLETS HELIOWEB - Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Multimedia Heliocentric Trajectories for Selected Spacecraft, Planets, and Comets Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Heliocentric Trajectories for Selected Spacecraft, Planets, and Comets: "...Positions are available in Solar Ecliptic (SE) and Heliographic (HG) (rotating and inertial) systems for 12 Spacecraft, 2 Planets and 8 Comets. They can be obtained at desired time period, time resolution..." For more information see Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) or the Goddard Space Flight Center SSCWEB LOCATOR GRAPHICS, LOCATOR TABULAR, QUERY, ETC. - Project Direcctor: R.E. McGuire, Space Physics Data Facility, Code 602, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. SSCWeb "...The software and associated database of SSCWeb together form a system to cast geocentric spacecraft location information into a framework of (empirical) geophysical regions and mappings of spacecraft locations along lines of the Earth's magnetic field..." For more information see Satellite Situation Center (SSCWeb) or the Space Physics Data Facility SPACECRAFT/PLOT TYPE SELECTION - INTERACTIVE - Satellite Situation Center, Space Physics Data Facility, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Spacecraft/Plot Type Selection "...The Locator graphics component provides the ability to plot the orbits of multiple spacecraft. In addition to orbit plots, mapped and time series plots can also be generated..." For more information see the Satellite Situation Center or the Space Physics Data Facility SPACE FLIGHT COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. BASICS OF SPACE FLIGHT - D. Doody and G. Stephan (Authors); Maintained by D. F. Miller; Published by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mission Operations Section, Operations System Training Group, JPL Multimedia Space Fight Course (Text and Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Basics of Space Fight" Course Chapters & Subchapters include The Environment "...Reference Systems; Gravity & Mechanics; Trajectories; Planetary Orbits; etc..." Flight Projects "...Telecom; Onboard Systems; Science Instruments; Navigation; etc..." Operations "...Launch; Cruise; Encounter; Extended Ops; etc..." For more information see the Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Spectra Analysis SPECTRA ANALYSIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIRGLOW SPECTRUM CALCULATORS & APPLETS AIRGLOW SPECTRUM (JAVA APPLET) - J. Köppen, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France VERY EXTENSIVE. Spectrum of the Airglow Calculator "...depicts a typical observed optical spectrum of the night sky; this must always be subtracted from the raw observations..." For more information see Interactive Java Applets to Aid the Teaching of Astrophysics; Joachim Köppen's Home Page or the Observatoire astronomique de strasbourg INTERSTELLAR & CIRCUMSTELLAR MOLECULES CALCULATORS & APPLETS MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY - JPL Molecular Spectroscopy, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA Multimedia Molecular Spectroscopy Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Molecular Spectroscopy "...The on-line version of the catalog contains individual files for each molecular species..." For more information see the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) THE COLOGNE DATABASE FOR MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, CDMS - Physikalisches Institut, Fachgruppe Physik, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Germany Multimedia Molecular Spectroscopy Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Molecular Spectroscopy Includes a special section on "Molecules in Space". For more information see the Physikalisches Institut MODEL IMAGES AND SPECTRA OF 3-D OBJECTS CALCULATORS & APPLETS MODEL IMAGES AND SPECTRA OF 3-D OBJECTS (JAVA APPLET) - J. Köppen, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France; and was designed and programmed by S. Bresson, B. Leriche, C. LeLoirec & Marc-Olivier Sercki, Ecole Nationale Superielure de Physique de Strasbourg (ENSPS), France VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Model Images and Spectra of 3-D Objects "...allows the simulation of observational data which would be obtained from three-dimensional objects, such as gas clouds, gaseous nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies..." For more information see Interactive Java Applets to Aid the Teaching of Astrophysics; Joachim Köppen's Home Page or the Observatoire astronomique de strasbourg SIMULATE SPECTRAL DATA FOR MISSIONS/INSTRUMENTS CALCULATORS & APPLETS WEBSPEC - High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. WebSpec is a "...WWW interface for the X-ray spectral fitting package, XSPEC. Currently, it can be used to simulate spectral data for a variety of X-ray missions/instruments..." For more information see Tools or the High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), NASA SPECTRA OF GAS DISCHARGES CALCULATORS & APPLETS SPECTRA OF GAS DISCHARGES (JAVA APPLET) - Author: J. Talbot and hosted by J. Köppen, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France VERY EXTENSIVE. Spectra of Gas Discharges "...reads a file containing a list of emission line wavelengths and their corresponding strengths then simulates the appearance of the spectrum in a good visual spectroscope..." For more information see Hands On Collection or Joachim Köppen's Home Page Stars, Constellations, Galaxies, Clusters, Nebulae STARS, NEBULA, GALAXIES, ETC. VIDEOS, DATABASES & ATLASES Deep Sky Videos DEEP SKY VIDEOS - Astronomers & Astrophotographers Contributors & B. Haran (Video Journalist & Film-Maker) Multimedia Deep Sky Videos (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Deep Sky Videos "...Exploring deep space - one video at a time. Including videos about the famous Messier Catalogue and access to world-class telescopes..." For more information see Astronomer Profiles - Contributors; Astrophotographer Profiles - Contributors or Brady Haran's Home Page Astronomy Image Atlas ASTONOMY IMAGE ATLAS - Hawaiian Astonomical Society Multimedia Astronomy Image Database, Atlases, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Astronomy Image Atlases & Databases "...online atlas of the heavens, combined with photographs of significant objects, and their descriptions..." For more information see Hawaiian Astonomical Society Major Image Databases include Deepsky Atlas: Constellations Deepsky Atlas: Messier Objects Deepsky Atlas: The Caldwell List Beyond Messier & Caldwell Constellations CONSTELLATIONS - Chandra X-ray Center, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Constellations Images (Text & Images). For more information see Chandra X-ray Center @ Havard or Chandra X-ray Center @ NASA CONSTELLATIONS: THE DEEP PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO - S. Kohle & T. Credner, Astronomical Institutes of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Multimedia Constellations Database (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Constellations Database (Text & Images). Constellations Database "...Every month a constellation of the season is presented..." For more information see Digital Images of the Sky or Astronomical Institutes of the University of Bonn Messier Objects: Nebulae, Clusters, Galaxies MESSIER DEEP-SKY CATALOG - Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) Multimedia Messier Deep-Sky Catalog Image Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Messier Deep-Sky Catalog Image Database includes "...Nebulae; Clusters; Galaxies; etc..." For more information see the Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) MESSIER LISTING - Deepsky Atlas, Hawaiian Astonomical Society Multimedia Messier Objects Database (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Deepsky Atlas or Hawaiian Astonomical Society MESSIER FROM THE DIGITAL SKY SURVEY - B. Arnett, The Nine Planets Solar System Tour Multimedia Messier Objects Database (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Bill Arnett's Home Page or The Nine Planets Solar System Tour STARS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GALAXIES CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS NEBULA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY JAVALAB - C. Mihos, Department of Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Dynamical Astonomy "...Here you will find a variety of Java applets which explore the motion of planets, stars, and galaxies. Each applet comes with background information on the pertinent astrophysics, a technical description of what's being calculated, and..." For more information see Chris Mihos' Home Page or the Department of Astronomy GALACTIC CANNIBALIZATION: CANNIBAL JAVALAB - C. Mihos, Department of Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University VERY EXTENSIVE. Galactic Cannibalization "...Lets you explore the different processes involved in galactic cannibalization..." For more information see Current Applets; Dynamical Astronomy JavaLab; Chris Mihos' Home Page or the Department of Astronomy GALAXY CRASH - C. Mihos, Department of Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University VERY EXTENSIVE. Galaxy Crash "... allows you to model galaxy collisions on your own computer. With this applet you can study how galaxies collide and merge gravitationally and how..." For more information see Current Applets; Dynamical Astronomy JavaLab; Chris Mihos' Home Page or the Department of Astronomy STAR AND PLANET FORMATION (QUICKTIME) - M.R. Bate, Astrophysics Group, School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K. Multimedia Star and Planet Formation (Text, Images & Vides/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Astrophysics Group Some examples Star and Planet Formation Videos include Star Cluster Formation in 3D Star Cluster Formation in 3D "...takes my star cluster calculations to a new level, modelling the collapse and fragmentation of a 500 solar mass cloud..." The Formation of Clusters of Stars and Brown Dwarfs The Formation of Clusters of Stars and Brown Dwarfs Videos include: "...Original Calculation Video; Denser Cloud Video; Original Calculation vs Low Metallicity Video; Denser Cloud vs Different Power Spectrum Video; Different Turbulent Power Spectrum Video; etc..." STARS, NEBULAE, GALAXIES, ETC.: INTERACTIVE JAVA APPLETS FOR TEACHING OF ASTROPHYSICS - J. Köppen, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, France VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Stars, Nebulae, Galaxies, etc.: Java Applets for Teaching of Astrophysics "...This is a collection of Java applets written for teaching, creating exercises, allowing self-study and for use as small research tools. They aim to permit an interactive exploration of the behaviour of physical systems..." For more information see Joachim Köppen's Home Page or the Observatoire astronomique de strasbourg Some examples from over "40" Astrophysics Calculators include Plasma Diagnostics Plasma Diagnostics Calculator "... interprets the emission line spectrum of ionized gaseous nebulae: from the observed intensities of the lines, temperature, density, and the abundances of the elements in the nebula are derived. Also, given these values, the expected line intensities are synthesized..." Stellar Evolution Calculator - Stellar Evolutionary Tracks Calculator - Stellar Population Calculator Stellar Evolution Calculator - Stellar Evolutionary Tracks Calculator - Stellar Population Calculator "...shows the computed evolutionary paths of any star between 0.8 and 120 solar masses in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, as well as the isochrones, i.e. the locus of stars of any given age..." Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with detailed Nucleosynthesis Calculator Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with detailed Nucleosynthesis Calculator INPUT Values include: Model "...Type of Nucleosynthesis Mode Full Normal Mode; Closed Box, IRA, Analytical Solution; etc. Age of Galaxy; Number of Time Steps; Number of Stellar Masses; etc..." Galaxy "...Gas; Stars; Initial Z; Parameters of SFR; etc..." Simple Nucleo "...Locked-up Mass Fraction; Oxygen Yield; etc..." Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with Inflow of Metal-Poor Gas Calculator Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with Inflow of Metal-Poor Gas Calculator INPUT Values include: Galaxy with Gas Inflow INPUT Values: "...lg(a) is the instantaneous ratio of the accretion rate of the gas and the star formation rate; g(M/M0) is the current ratio of the total mass (gas plus stars) and the initial gas mass; lg(gas), lg(stars) are the masses in the form of gas and long-lived stars - including stellar remnants; lg(Z/y) is the metallicity of the gas for a primarily produced element, measured in terms of the true yield y; etc..." Constant dt; log(AR) Shift; etc. Chemodynamical Evolution of Galaxies Calculator Chemodynamical Evolution of Galaxies Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Parameters: sfrCon, sfrPwr, sfrTemp, TauStar, Eta, etc.; etc..."

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