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PHARMACOLOGY & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Anatomy ~ Cardiovascular Pharmacology Dermatological Pharmacology ~ Dosage - Dose Optimization Drug Target Data, Drug Chemical Structures, Drug Metabolism, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, etc. Haplotypes Ion Channels, Molecular Movements, Protein Fold Recognition & Receptors Medicinal Chemistry ~ Neuropsychopharmacology Pharmacogentics & Pharmacogenomics ~ Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics Pharmacometrics ~ Pharmacotherapeutics Radiopharmacy & Radiopharmacology ~ Veterinary Pharmacology Statistics Courses, Lectures, Lessons, etc. Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology Journals Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy ~ Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology & Clinical Toxicology ~ Veterinary Pharmacology News, New Drugs, Alerts, Shortages Patents, Dose Calculators, Drug Trials, Literature Prescription & Over-the-Counter Drug Databases Dietary, Herbal & Vitamin Databases, Medicinal Plants Associations, Companies, Employment, Indexes

PHARMACOLOGY & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Clinical Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF CLINICAL RESEARCH (REAL PLAYER) Multimedia Introduction to the Principles and Practice of Clinical Research Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) Introduction to the Principles and Practice of Clinical Research (IPPCR) "...is a study curriculum on how to effectively conduct clinical research. Most medical schools lack a formal course in training for clinical research, and investigators have relied on mentors to learn how to conduct clinical trials..." Examples of "Introduction to the Principles and Practice of Clinical Research (IPPCR) Chapters include "...Epidemiologic Methods; Ethical Issues in Human Subjects Research; Monitoring Patient Oriented Research and Regulatory Issues; Preparing and Funding a Clinical Research Study..." For more information see Introduction to the Principles and Practice of Clinical Research (IPPCR) Home Page at the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center; Courses; Training; Clinical Research Training; Researchers and Physicians or the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (REAL PLAYER) - Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Multimedia Clinical Pharmacology Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Principles of Clinical Pharmacology Course is "..designed to assist individuals preparing to take the certifying examinations of the American Board of Clinical Pharmacology and to meet the needs of researchers who have an interest in the clinical pharmacologic aspects of contemporary drug development and utilization..." Examples of "Principles of Clinical Pharmacology" Course Categories & Subcategories include Pharmacokinetics "...Clinical pharmacokinetics; Compartmental analysis of drug distribution; Drug absorption and bioavailability; Effects of liver disease on pharmacokinetics; Population pharmacokinetics; etc..." Drug Metabolism & Transport "...Chemical assay of drugs and drug metabolites; Drug interactions; Equilibrative and concentrative transport; etc..." Assessment of Drug Effects "...Dose response and concentration response analysis; Physiological and laboratory markers of drug effect; etc..." Optimizing and Evaluating Patient Therapy "...Drug therapy in pregnant and nursing women; Drug therapy in the elderly; etc..." Drug Discovery and Development "...Drug discovery; Pre-clinical drug development; Animal scale up and Phase I studies; Pharmacokinetics of biotechnology products and large molecules; etc..." For more information see Principles of Clinical Pharmacology; Courses; Training; Clinical Research Training; Researchers and Physicians or the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center Medical Pharmacology Medical Pharmacology Lectures, Lessons, etc. MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY & PHARMACOLOGY - M.G. Marinus, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Multimedia Medical Biochemistry & Pharmacology Lectures (Text & Images). Examples of "Medical Pharmacology" Lectures include Antibacterial Agents; Antifolates; Drugs Interfering with Nucleic Acid Synthesis "...Purine and Pyrimidine Biosynthesis; Agents Affecting Polymerization; DNA Repair; Agents reacting covalently with DNA; Agents which intercalate into DNA; Topoisomerase inhibitors and other Agents; etc..." Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis; Drugs Affecting Cell Wall/Membrane; etc. For more information see Martin G. Marinus Courses Page; Martin G. Marinus' Home Page or the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Generic Names & Trade Names Drug Pronunciation BASIC GENERIC & TRADE NAMES DRUGS PRONUNCIATION - Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan Multimedia Basic Generic Names & Trade Names Drug Pronunciation (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Medicinal Chemistry Courses; Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry or the College of Pharmacy Cellular Physiology & Pharmacology Cellular Physiology & Pharmacology Courses, Databases, Lectures, Lessons, etc. PHARMABASE - BioCurrents Resource Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass Multimedia Cellular Physiology & Pharmacology Database (Text & Images). Pharmbase "...targets the action and use of pharmacological compounds in modifying protein function, while revealing molecular relationships and linking out to related databases and sites..." Examples of "Cellular Physiology & Pharmacology" Categories include "...Membrane Transport; Metabolism; Intracellular Messengers; Cell Signaling; Cell Area; Disease/Tissue; etc..." For more information see Pharmabase; BioCurrents Resource Center or the Marine Biological Laboratory

ANATOMY Anatomy Related Centers FOR HUMAN ANATOMY ATLASES, CASES, COURSES, DATABASES, JOURNALS, TEXTBOOKS, LESSONS, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY CENTER FOR ANIMAL ANATOMY ATLASES, CASES, COURSES, DATABASES, JOURNALS, TEXTBOOKS, LESSONS, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE VETERINARY CENTER CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY Cardiovascular Pharmacology Lectures, Lessons, etc. with Text, Images, Simulations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound HYPERHEART (FLASH) - D.K. Blumenthal II, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, & the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah Multimedia Heart Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). HyperHeart "...is an interactive animation/movie developed for Dr. Blumenthal's pharmacology course detailing bloodflow, aortic/ventricular volumes and pressures present in a normal cardiac cycle. Also included are an electrocardiogram and heart sounds graph..." For more information see Donald K. Blumenthal II's Home Page; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; Knowledge Weavers or the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library CARDIOLOGY (FLASH & QUICKTIME) - Cardiology Site, A.S.M. Systems, Inc. Multimedia Heart Lectures & Demonstrations (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Cardiology serves "...as a remote learning experience for health care providers, students, residents, fellows and people interested in expanding their knowledge in specific areas of cardiology. It was designed to provide the equivalent of classroom lectures and demonstrations..." Examples of "Cardiology" Lectures & Demonstrations include "...Instructional Cardiology Movies; Cardiology 3-D Animations; Cardiology Panoramic Views; Interactive Cardiology Videos; etc..." 3D HUMAN HEART STUCTURE & DYNAMICS - Elizabeth Cherry & Flavio Fento, The Virtual Heart, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Multimedia Heart Lessons (Text & Images). The Human Heart is "...a powerful muscle slightly larger than a clenched fist. It is composed of four chambers, two upper (the atria) and two lower (the ventricles). It works as a pump to send oxygen-rich blood through all the parts of the body. A human heart beats an average of 100,000 times per day. In that time, it pumps more than 4,300 gallons of blood throughout the entire body. The heart's cycle starts when..." For more information see The Virtual Heart EXCITABLE MEDIA AND CARDIAC DYNAMICS - Elizabeth Cherry & Flavio Fento, The Virtual Heart, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Multimedia Arrhythmia & Cardiac Electrophysiology Lessons (Text, Images, Applets, Calculators & Videos/Movies). Examples of "Arrhythmia & Cardiac Electrophysiology" Lessons with Calculators & Applets Categories & Subcategories include Ions "...Ions, Diffusion and Nersnt Potential; Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation..." Cardiac Models "...Ionic Models; Heart Models (SinoAtrial, Atrial, Ventricle, etc.); etc..." Cell Dynamics: Single cell dynamics "...State Space Dynamics; Membrane Resonance; Action Potential Duration (APD) Restitution; etc..." 1D Dynamics: Initiation, Propagation and Conduction Blocks in 1D "...Models in 1D rings and 1D cables; etc..." Alternans: Concordant and Discordant Alternans; 2D Dynamics: Initiation, Propagation, Conduction Blocks and Spiral Waves in 2D; etc. For more information see The Virtual Heart Some examples from over "45" Arrhythmia & Cardiac Electrophysiology Calculators & Applets include Hudgkin-Huxley Model Hudgkin-Huxley Model Calculator "...solves the equations and can plot all four variables of the model simultaneously. The time of integration is initially set to 40 ms but can be varied easily by changing the time value. Other parameters that can be changed are the time..." Heart Models (Ionic Models-SinoAtrial): Zhang-Holden-Kodama-Honjo-Lei-Varghese-Boyett Rabbit Periphery Sinoatrial Cell Model Zhang-Holden-Kodama-Honjo-Lei-Varghese-Boyett Rabbit Periphery Sinoatrial Cell Model Calculator "...is used to simulate the activation of rabbit periphery sinoatrial myocytes using the 15 variables. the auto-oscillatory myocyte can be simulated for various lengths of time and the final APD and DI are calculated automatically. In addition,..." Heart Models (Ionic Models-Atrial): Nygren-Firek-Clark-Lindblad-Clark-Giles Model for Human Atrial Cells Nygren-Firek-Clark-Lindblad-Clark-Giles Model for Human Atrial Cells Calculator "...is used to simulate the activation of human atrial cells... one can change the time for the second stimulus (S2) and calculate APD vs DI. Also plot all the variables of the model..." Heart Models (Ionic Models-Ventrical): Tusscher-Noble-Noble-Panfilov Human Ventricular Cell Model Tusscher-Noble-Noble-Panfilov Human Ventricular Cell Model Calculator "...is used to simulate the activation of human ventricular epicardial, endocardial, and midmyocardial cells... the myocyte can be paced at various cycle lengths and the final APD and DI calculated automatically. In addition..."

Cardiovascular Pharmacology Courses & Lectures CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY - E.K. Jackson, N. Rusch & G. Gross, Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) Multimedia Cardiovascular Pharmacology Lectures - PowerPoint files (Text & Images). Examples of "Cardiovascular Pharmacology" Lectures include "...Antianginal Drugs; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cardiac AntiArrythmic Drugs; Diuretics; Drugs Used in the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure I Digitalis; Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology; The Rational Use of Drugs; etc..." For more information see the Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology; ASPET Divisions or the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) Cardiovascular & Cardiopulmonary Physiological Model HIGHLY-INTEGRATED HUMAN WITH INTERVENTIONS (JAVA APPLET) - Author: Maxwell Neal and hosted by the NSR Physiome Project & the National Simulation Resource for Transport, Metabolism and Reaction Multimedia Integrative Physiological Model of the Closed Loop Cardiopulmonary System with Selectable Interventions (Text, Images & Applets). Closed Loop Cardiopulmonary System with Selectable Interventions is "...a closed loop cardiopulmonary system composed of a four-chamber varying-elastance heart, a pericardium, a systemic circulation, a pulmonary circulation, airways mechanics, baroreceptors, gas exchange, blood gas handling, coronary circulation, peripheral chemoreceptors and selectable interventions (Valsalva maneuver, pericardial removal, penetrating wounds to heart, septal defect, etc.)..." For more information see Integrative Physiology; Physiological Models or the NSR Physiome Project Examples from over "22" Cardiovascular System Models (Blood Flow Models; Cardiac Contraction Models; Circulartory Network Models; Hemodynamics Models; Microcirculation and Lymphatics Models) and Integrative Physiology Models include Cardiovascular System - Blood-flow - Autoregulation: Gao Autoregulatory Model - Author: Brian Carlson Gao Autoregulatory Model "...simulates the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the 300 to 50 micron diameter vessels..." Cardiovascular System - Hemodynamics: Thick Wall Cylinder Tangential Stress Model - Author: Max Neal Thick Wall Cylinder Tangential Stress Model "...simulates the pressure and geometry resulting from changes in the internal radius of a thick-walled, distensible, isotropic, cylindrical vessel. Reference pressures and volumes are tunable..." Integrative Physiology: Cardiac Output Estimation in Reference Human Model - Author: Maxwell Neal Cardiac Output Estimation in Reference Human Model is a "...whole-body cardiovascular model that estimates cardiac output using arterial blood pressure and heart rate as inputs..." Integrative Physiology: Cardiopulmonary Mechanics Model - Author: Maxwell Neal Cardiopulmonary Mechanics Model is "...a closed loop cardiopulmonary system composed of a four-chamber varying-elastance heart, a pericardium, a systemic circulation, a pulmonary circulation, a coronary circulation, baroreceptors, and airway mechanics..." Integrative Physiology: Highly-integrated Human with Interventions Model - Author: Maxwell Neal Highly-integrated Human with Interventions Model is "...a closed loop cardiopulmonary system composed of a four-chamber varying-elastance heart, a pericardium, a systemic circulation, a pulmonary circulation, airways mechanics, baroreceptors, gas exchange, blood gas handling, coronary circulation, peripheral chemoreceptors and selectable interventions (Valsalva maneuver, pericardial removal, penetrating wounds to heart, septal defect, etc.)...." DERMATOLOGICAL PHARMACOLOGY Related Dermatological Pharmacology Centers FOR DERMATOLOGY ATLASES, CASES, COURSES, DATABASES, JOURNALS, TEXTBOOKS, LESSONS, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE DERMATOLOGY CENTER

DOSAGE & DOSE OPTIMIZATION Dose Optimization Courses & Cases with Text, Images & Animations BASIC PRICIPLES OF DOSE OPTIMIZATION - PHA 5127 - ON-LINE PHARMACOLOKINETIC SIMULATIONS - Developed by N. Phillips: Course Instructor: G. Hochhaus, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, University of Florida Multimedia Dose Optimization Course & Dose Optimization Cases (Text, Images & Animations). For more information see Basic Principles of Dose Optimization I; Courses; Department of Pharmaceutics; College of Pharmacy or the Health Science Center Some examples from over "8" Dose Optimization Calculators include One Compartment Model: IV Bolus Single Dose Calculator One Compartment Model: Oral Single Dose with Absorption Calculator One Compartment Model: Multiple Dosing with Absorption Calculator DRUG TARGET DATA, DRUG CHEMICAL STRUCTURES, DRUG METABOLISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM, ETC. Related Centers PRESCRIPTION & OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUG DATABASES, ETC. SEE PRESCRIPTION & OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUG DATABASES, DIETARY, HERBAL & VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS, ETC. FOR MORE THAN 200 RELATED DATABASES INCLUDING CHMICAL COMPUNDS, REACTIONS, LIPIDS, MOLECULAR MODELING, ETC. SEE CHEMICAL & BIOCHEMICAL DATABASES Drug Target & Drug Data DRUGBANK DATABASE - D. Wishart, Department of Computing Science and Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Multimedia Drug Database (Text & Images). DrugBank is "...a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, pathway) information. DrugBank Database "...contains nearly 4300 drug entries including >1,000 FDA-approved small molecule drugs, 113 FDA-approved biotech (protein/peptide) drugs, 62 nutraceuticals and >3,000 experimental drugs. Additionally, more than 6,000 protein (i.e. drug target) sequences are linked to these drug entries..." For more information see David Wishart's Home Page Drug Metabolism Drug Metabolism Databases, Lectures, Lessons, etc. DRUG METABOLISM - Division of Drug Metabolism, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) Multimedia Drug Metabolism Databases (Text & Images). Examples of "Drug Metabolism" Categories include "...Cytochrome P450; Flavin Monooxygenase; Glucuronyltransferases; Glutathione-S-transferases; N-acetyltransferases; Sulfotransferases; P-glycoprotein; etc..." For more information see the Division of Drug Metabolism; ASPET Divisions or the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) Drug Metabolism Databases DRUG INTERACTION TABLE - CYTOCHROME 450 DRUG INTERACTION - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University Multimedia Drug Interaction Table: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction (Text & Images). Drug Interaction Table: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction "...list of drugs that are metabolized by a specific cytochrome P450 isoform are the published inhibitors, inducers and genetic influences on that isoform..." Examples of "Drug Interaction Table: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction" Categories & Subcategories include Substrates "...Proton Pump Inhibitors; Anti-epileptics; NSAID; Oral Hypoglycemic Agents; Angiotensin II Blockers; Sulfonylureas; Beta Blockers; Antidepressants; Antipsychotics; Anesthetics; Macrolide Antibiotics; Benzodiazepines; Immune Modulators; HIV Antivirals; Calcium Channel Blockers; etc..." Inhibitors "...Inhibitors compete with other drugs for a particular enzyme thus affecting the optimal level of metabolism of the substrate drug which in many cases affect the individual's response to that particular medication, e.g. making it ineffective..." Inducers "...Inducers stimulate the production of the enzyme thus increasing the rate of metabolism causing the substrate drug to clear out of the system faster. This will also affect the individual's response to the medication, i.e. making he drug ineffective..." For more information see Division of Clinical Pharmacology or the Department of Medicine PDSP Ki DATABASE - B. Roth, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University Multimedia Database (Text & Images). PDSP Ki Database is "...a unique resource in the public domain which provides information on the abilities of drugs to interact with an expanding number of molecular targets..." PDSP Ki Database "...has 46,134 Ki values for searching, and is growing..." For more information see NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP); Roth Lab or the Department of Biochemistry

Drug Chemical Structures DEVELOPMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PROGRAM (DTP) - Developmental Therapuetics Program, National Cancer Institute & NIH Multimedia Development Therapeutics Program Database (Text & Images). Examples of 'Development Therapeutics Program Database" Categories include "...Search for all data for compounds; Basic Chemical Data; Assays of Molecular Targets; Browse Cancer Screening Data; Bulk Data Download; Search In Vivo Screening Data; Search Yeast Screening Data; AIDS Screening Data; etc..." For more information see Developmental Therapuetics Program OSIRIS PROPERTY EXPLORER - B. Bart & R. Müller, Switzerland Multimedia Chemical Structures Database (Text, Images & 3D Modeling). Available in English & German/Deutsch. OSIRIS Property Explorer "...lets you draw chemical structures and calculates on-the-fly various drug-relevant properties whenever a structure is valid. Prediction results are valued and color coded..." Examples of Specific information about individual properties include "..Toxicity Risk Assessment; cLogP Prediction; Solubility Prediction; Molecular Weights; Fragment-based Drug-Likeness Prediction; Overall Drug-Likeness Score, etc..." For more information see Organic-Chemistry.org or Organische-chemie.ch OSIRIS PROPERTY EXPLORER (JAVA APPLET) - ChemExper sprl, Belgium Multimedia Chemical Structures Database (Text, Images & 3D Modeling). OSIRIS Property Explorer "...lets you draw chemical structures and calculates on-the-fly various drug-relevant properties whenever a structure is valid..." For more information see ChemExper THE DUNDEE PRODRG SERVER - D. van Aalten, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K. Multimedia Molecular Topologies for X-ray Refinement, MD Drug Design, Docking Database (Text, Images & 3D Modeling). Dundee Prodrg Server "...will convert coordinates for small molecules in PDB format to the following topology formats: GROMOS, GROMACS, WHAT IF, CNS, O, SHELX, HEX and MOL2. In addition, coordinates for hydrogen atoms are generated..." For more information see Biocrystallomputing at the University of Dundee Drug Likeness & Molecular Property Prediction DRUG LIKENESS AND MOLECULAR PROPERTY PREDICTION - Author: P. Ertl, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland & Hosted by: MolSoft L.L.C. Multimedia Drug-Likeness and Molecular Property Prediction Database (Text, Images & 3D Modeling). Drug-Likeness and Molecular Property Prediction Database "...All molecular property predictors are calculated using fragment-based contributions..." For more information see MolSoft L.L.C. CALCULATION OF MOLECULAR PROPERTIES - Author: P. Ertl, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland, and Hosted by Molinspiration Cheminformatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Calculation of Molecular "...relevant to drug design and QSAR, such as logP, molecular polar surface area PSA, rule of 5 parameters or drug likeness..." For more information see JME Molecular Editor or Molinspiration Cheminformatics Single Nucleotide Poloymorphism dbSNP - National Center for Biotechnology Informationm, NIH Multimedia Single Nucleotide Poloymorphism Database (Text & Images). Single Nucleotide Poloymorphism (dbSNP) "...In collaboration with the National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Center for Biotechnology Information has established the dbSNP database to serve as a central repository for both single base nucleotide subsitutions and short deletion and insertion polymorphisms. Once discovered, these polymorphisms could be used by additional laboratories, using..." Single Nucleotide Poloymorphism Submission Information by "...Submitter; New Batches; Method; Population; Publication..." For more information see National Center for Biotechnology Information GENESNPS - Genome Center, University of Utah Multimedia Database (Text & Images). GeneSNPs "...integrates gene, sequence and polymorphism data into individually annotated gene models. The human genes included are related to DNA repair, cell cycle control, cell signaling, cell division, homeostasis and metabolism, and are thought to play a role in susceptibility to environmental exposure..." For more information see the Genome Centers JAPANESE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (JSNP) DATABASE - GDB Japan Node JST, Japan Multimedia Single Nucleotide Poloymorphism Database (Text & Images). Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) "...are the most common form of DNA sequence variation. They are useful polymorphic markers to investigate genes susceptible to diseases or those related to drug responsiveness..."

HAPLOTYPES Haplotypes HAPMAP - International HapMap Project Multimedia Haplotypes Database (Text & Images). Haplotypes "...in the human genome have been produced by the molecular mechanisms of sexual reproduction and by the history of our species..." "...With the exception of the sex cells, the chromosomes in human cells occur in pairs. One member of each chromosome pair is inherited from a person's father; the other member of the pair is inherited from that person's mother. But chromosomes do not pass from each generation to the next as identical copies...." ION CHANNELS, MOLECULAR MOVEMENTS, PROTEIN FOLD RECOGNITION & RECEPTORS Ion Channels ION CHANNELS, TRANSMITTERS, RECEPTORS & DISEASE - Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis Multimedia Ion Channel, Transmitters, Receptor & Disease Database (Text & Images). Examples of "Ion Channel, Transmitters, Receptor & Disease" Categories include Channels & Disorders "...Anions; Calcium; Chloride; Concepts; Cyclic nucleotide-gated; Gap junctions; Long QT Syndromes; Potassium; K+/H+ ATPase; Sodium; Sodium/Hydrogen Exchangers; Toxins..." Channel Binding Proteins; Transmitters/Receptors; etc. For more information see Neuromuscular Disease Index; Neuromuscular Disease Center or the Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis IUPHAR COMPENDIUM OF VOLTAGE-GATED ION CHANNELS - International Union of Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Multimedia Voltage-gated Ion Channels Database (Text & Images). For more information see the IUPHAR Receptor Database or the International Union of Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Molecular Movements Databases Molecular Movements Databases with Text, Images & Videos/Movies MOLECULAR MOVEMENTS DATABASE - N. Echols, Bioinformatics Web Server, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University Multimedia Molecular Movements Database (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). Molecular Movements Database "...describes the motions that occur in proteins and other macromolecules (such as RNA). Associated with it are a variety of free software tools for structural analysis..." For more information see the Molecular Movements Alternative URL #1; Molecular Movements Alternative URL #2 or the Bioinformatics Web Server Protein Fold Recognition Protein Fold Recognition Databases with Text, Images & Videos/Movies PHYRE - L.A. Kelley & M.J.E. Sternberg, Structural Bioinformatics Group, Imperial College Center Bioinformatics, U.K. Multimedia Protein Fold Recognition Databases (Text, Images & Videos & Videos/Movies). PHYRE "...A Fast, Web-based Method for Protein Fold Recognition using 1D and 3D Sequence Profiles coupled with Secondary Structure and Solvation Potential Information..." For more information see Structural Bioinformatics Group

Receptors RECEPTOR NOMENCLATURE AND DRUG CLASSIFFICATION - International Union of Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Multimedia Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification Database (Text & Images). Examples of "Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification" Categories include "...Receptor Families; IUPHAR Receptor Code; IUPHAR Receptor List & Terms and Symbols..." For more information see the International Union of Pharmacology (IUPHAR) RECEPTOR BINDING - J. Deupree, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), University of Nebraska Multimedia Receptor Binding Lectures (Text & Images). For more information see the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience GPCR NATURAL VARIANTS DATABASE - Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), University of Leiden, The Netherlands Multimedia GPCR Natural Variants Database (Text & Images). GPCR Natural Variants Database "...describes sequence variants within the family of human G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs regulate many physiological functions and are the targets for most of today's medicines..." For more information see the Division of Medicinal Chemistry or the Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR) GPCRDP: G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS (GPCRs) DATABASE - Molecular Class-Specific Information System (MCSIS) project, The Netherlands Multimedia G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Database (Text & Images). For more information see Molecular Class-Specific Information System (MCSIS) project OLFACTORY RECEPTOR DATABASE (ORDB) - Sense Lab Project, Shepherd Lab., Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University Multimedia Olfactory Receptors Database (Text & Images). Olfactory Receptors Database "...contains public and private sections which provide tools for investigators to analyse the functions of these very large gene families of G protein-coupled receptors..." For more information see the The SenseLab Project

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMISTRY Chemistry Related Centers FOR CHEMISTRY ATLASES, CASES, COURSES, DATABASES, JOURNALS, TEXTBOOKS, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE "CHEMISTRY CENTER" Medicinal Chemistry Courses & Lectures MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (412) - Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan Multimedia Medicinal Chemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Medicinal Chemistry" Course Chapters include "...Chapter 2: Cell Wall Biosynthesis; Chapter 4: Penicillins; Chapter 6: Cephalosporins; Chapter 10: Sulfonamides; Chapter 12: Nitrofurans; Chapter 16: Macrolides; Chapter 17: Lincomycins; Chapter 20: Antimycobacterial Agents; Chapter 21: Antifungal Agents; etc..." For more information see Medicinal Chemistry Courses; Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Medicinal Chemistry or the College of Pharmacy MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY FOR PHARMACY AND NURSE ANESTHESIA STUDENTS - U.R. Desai, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Multimedia Medicinal Chemistry Lectures (Text & Images). For more information see Medicinal Chemistry for Pharmacy and Nurse Anesthesia Students Home Page; Umesh R Desai's Home Page; Department of Medicinal Chemistry or the School of Pharmacy Examples of "Medicinal Chemistry" Lectures include MEDC532: Anticoagulants MEDC603-604: Antihyperlipidemic Agents - Anti-hyperlipidemic Agents MEDC603-604: Androgenic Agents - Androgens MEDC603-604: Cardiac Glycosides MEDC603-604: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Neuropsychopharmacology Courses & Lectures NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: THE FIFTH GENERATION OF PROGRESS - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology Multimedia Neuropsychopharmacology Courses - Neuropsychopharmacology Lectures (Text & Images). "Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress Sections", which includes over "130" Neuropsychopharmacology Chapters, include "...Neurotransmitter and Signal Transduction; Emerging Methods In Molecular Biology And Genetics; Emerging Imaging Technologies And Their Application To Psychiatric Research; Drug Discovery And Evaluation; Disorders Of Development; Schizophrenia And Related Disorders; Anxiety And Stress Disorders; etc..." For more information see Neuropsychopharmacology Publications or the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: THE FOURTH GENERATION OF PROGRESS - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology Multimedia Neuropsychopharmacology Courses - Psychopharmacology Lectures (Text & Images). Neuropsychopharmacology "...links the frontiers of basic neuroscience to the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases. On one level, this scientific field seeks to understand how drugs can affect the central nervous system (CNS) selectively to relieve pain, heighten attention, induce sleep, reduce fever or appetite, suppress disordered movement, or prevent seizures. Notably, this is the field that seeks to understand how drugs can treat anxiety, mania, depression, or schizophrenia without altering consciousness..." Examples of "Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress" Categories include "...Introduction to Preclinical Neuropsychopharmacology; Clinical Analysis of Methods; Transitter Systems: Amino Acids, Acetylcholine, Amines; Central Norepinephrine Neurons and Behavior; Gene Targeting Approaches to Serotonin Receptors; Indoleamines: The Role of Serotonin in Clinical Disorders; Peptides; Introduction to Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology; etc..." For more information see Neuropsychopharmacology Publications or the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology Examples from over "80" "Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress" Lectures include Introduction to Preclinical Neuropsychopharmacology Cytology and Circuitry Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotransmission Molecular Biology of the Dopamine Receptor Subtypes Dopamine Receptors: Clinical Correlates Serotonin and Behavior Introduction to Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology Neuropeptide Alterations in Mood Disorders The Role of Serotonin in Schizophrenia

PHARMACOGENTICS & PHARMACOGENOMICS Pharmacogentics & Pharmacogenomics Databases, Lectures, Lessons, etc. PHARMGKB: THE PHARMACOGENETICS AND PHARMACOGENOMICS KNOWLEDGE BASE - Principal Investigator: R.B. Altman; Director: T.E. Klein; The Pharmacogenetics Research Network and Knowledge Base & is managed by Stanford University Multimedia Pharmacogentics & Pharmacogenomics Databases (Text & Images). PharmGKB "...curates information that establishes knowledge about the relationships among drugs, diseases and genes, including their variations and gene products. Our mission is to catalyze pharmacogenomics research..." For more information see the Stanford Genomic Resources Examples from over "40" "Interactive Pathways" Modules include ACE-inhibitor Pathway: Non-tissue specific cell Antiarrhythmic Drug Pathways Beta-agonist and Beta-Blocker Pathways Nicotine Metabolism Pathway Proton Pump Inhibitor Pathway: Pharmacodynamics (PD) Proton Pump Inhibitor Pathway: Pharmacokinetics (PK) Sympathetic Nerve Pathway: Neuroeffector Junction PHARMACOKINETICS & BIOPHARMACEUTICS Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS: A FIRST COURSE IN - D. Bourne, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Multimedia Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics Course (Text, Images & Calculators). Examples of "Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics" Course Chapters include "...One Compartment I.V. Bolus; Analysis of Urine Data; Intravenous Infusion; Routes of Drug Administration; Pharmacokinetics of Oral Administration; Bioavailability Studies; Physiological Factors Affecting Oral Absorption; Physical-Chemical Factors Affecting Oral Absorption; Multiple IV Bolus Dose Administration; Multiple Oral Dose Administration; Routes of Excretion; etc..." For more information see David Bourne's Home Page; David Bourne's Home Page at the College of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences or the College of Pharmacy PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS (PHAR 7632/7633)- D. Bourne, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Multimedia Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics Course (Text, Images & Calculators). Examples of "Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics" Course Chapters include "...Formulation factors affecting oral absorption; Multiple IV bolus dose administration; Multiple oral dose administration; Drug metabolism; Drug distribution; Multi-compartmental pharmacokinetic models; Non-linear pharmacokinetic models; Clinical applications of pharmacokinetics; Optimal sampling; etc..." For more information see David Bourne's Home Page; David Bourne's Home Page at the College of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences or the College of Pharmacy PHARMACOMETRICS Pharmacometrics Courses & Lectures PHARMACOMETRICS - American College of Clinical Pharmacology Multimedia Pharmacometrics Course (Text & Images). Pharmacometrics "...is the science which deals with quantitative description of disease, drug effects and variability..." American College of Clinical Pharmacology's ("ACCP") Pharmacometrics Learning Resource Website "...is provided for informational and educational purposes only. All information is provided "as is" without any warranties of any kind. ACCP makes every reasonable effort to provide accurate and complete information on the site..." Examples of "Pharmacometrics Course" Chapters & Subchapters include Theory "...Terms & Definitions; Population Analysis; Estimation Methods; Good Modeling Practices (GMP)..." Modeling Beginner's Tutorial "...Beginner's Tutorial is a complete step-by step approach to population modeling is provided for beginners for three different case studies using three different softwares..." Code Library; "...Code Library guide you to obtain generic NONMEM, S-Plus or R codes for basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models..." References; etc..." For more information see the American College of Clinical Pharmacology PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS Pharmacotherapeutics Neurology Pharmacotherapeutics Lectures, Lessons, etc. NEUROLOGY PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS: PHA 4220 - P.M. Woster, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Wayne State University Multimedia Neurology Pharmacotherapeutics Lessons (Text & Images). For more information see The Woster Module Medchem Page; Patrick M. Woster'S Home Page; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences or the College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions Examples of "Neurology Pharmacotherapeutics" Lessons include Chemistry of General Anesthetics Chemistry of Local Anesthetics Chemistry of Opioid Analgesics

RADIOPHARMACY & RADIOPHARMACOLOGY Radiopharmacy & Radiopharmacology Related Centers FOR RADIOLOGY ATLASES, CASES, COURSES, DATABASES, JOURNALS, TEXTBOOKS, LESSONS, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE RADIOLOGY CENTER Dosimetry Databases & Calculators ADULT DOSE ESTIMATE TABLES & PEDIATRIC DOSE ESTIMATE TABLES - Radiation Internal Dose Information Center (RIDIC) and by CDE Dosimetry Services, Inc. Multimedia Nuclear Medicine Dose Tables (Text & Images). The Radiation Internal Dose Information Center (RIDIC) has been "...dedicated to providing physicians, as well as other nuclear medicine professionals, regulators, manufacturers, and nuclear pharmacy workers with the most up-to-date information on internal dose estimates..." For more information see CDE Dosimetry Services, Inc. MEDICAL PROCEDURE RADIATION DOSE CALCULATOR AND CONSENT LANGUAGE GENERATOR - M. Stabin, Vanderbilt University & RADAR Medical Procedure Radiation Dose Calculator and Consent Language Generator "...gives radiation dose estimates for certain radiographic and nuclear medicine procedures, based on literature reported values. Individual organ doses and total body effective doses are given for these specified..." Medical Procedure Radiation Dose Calculator INPUT Values include: Radiographic Procedures "...DEXA DPX-L: Spine, Femur or Whole Body Scan; Chest X-ray; Skull Radiographic; CT Head Scan; Abdominal X-ray..." Nuclear Medicine Scans "...H-3 Glucose; C-14 Urea, Normal; C-14 Urea, Heliobacter Positive; Co-57 Cyanocobalamin, IV No Carrier; Cr-51 Sodium Chromate RBC's etc..." For more information see RADAR RADIATION DOSE TO THE BREAST FROM MAMMOGRAPHY - CALCULATOR - R.E. Reiman, General Secretary, DUMC Radiation Safety Committee, Duke University Medical Center, and hosted by the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO), Duke University Radiation Dose to the Breast from Mammography Calculator (Radiation Dose Calculator) "...is intended to be a convenient reference for estimating radiation dose to glandular breast tissue from mammography, under the stated conditions..." Radiation Dose to the Breast From Mammography Calculator INPUT Values include: "...kVp; Filtration Half-Value Layer; Thickness of Compressed Breast Tissue; Glandular Fraction; Skin Entrance Exposure; Target/Filtration Combination (Molybdenum/Molybdenum, Molybdenum/Rhodium or Rhodium/Rhodium)..." For more information see Web Utilities for Radiation Safety, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radiation Safety or the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO) RADIATION DOSE TO THE SKIN FROM VARIOUS BETA EMITTERS CALCULATOR - R.E. Reiman, General Secretary, DUMC Radiation Safety Committee, Duke University Medical Center, and hosted by the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO), Duke University Radiation Dose to the Skin From Various Beta Emitters Calculator (Radiation Dose Calculator) "...is intended to be a convenient reference in the event of skin contamination with radioactive materials..." Radiation Dose to the Skin From Various Beta Emitters Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select Radionuclide (Carbon 14, Flourine 18, Phosphorus 32, Sulfur 35, Iodine 31, Cobalt 60 or Cesium 137); Select Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (None, Exam Glove, Chemical Glove, Heavyweight Glove or Heavy Duty Glove); Radioactivity Concentration; Volume Spilled; Time Spill Contacted Skin or Clothing..." For more information see Web Utilities for Radiation Safety, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radiation Safety or the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO) RADIATION EFFECTIVE DOSE FROM CT SCANS CALCULATOR - R.E. Reiman, General Secretary, DUMC Radiation Safety Committee, Duke University Medical Center, and hosted by the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO), Duke University Radiation Effective Dose From CT Scans Calculator (Radiation Dose Calculator) "...is intended to be a convenient reference for estimating radiation effective dose to from CT, under the stated conditions..." Radiation Effective Dose From CT Scans Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Patients Mass; Type of CT Examination (Abdominal CT or Chest CT)..." For more information see Web Utilities for Radiation Safety, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radiation Safety or the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO)

VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY Veterinary Related Centers FOR VETERINARY ATLASES, CASES, COURSES, DATABASES, JOURNALS, TEXTBOOKS, LESSONS, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE VETERINARY CENTER Examples of Veterinary Pharmacology Courses CASE STUDIES IN CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY - M.I. Kotlikoff & R. Simpler, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Cases (Text & Images). Examples of "Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Case Studies" include "...Cardiac Cases & Acid-Base Cases..." For more information see CAL Project or the School of Veterinary Medicine VETERINARY CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (VM8784) - J.R. Wilcke, Clinical Pharmacology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Multimedia Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Course (Text & Images). Examples of "Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology" Course Chapters & Subchapters include Pharmacokinetics "...General Principles of Clinical Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacokinetic Models; Pharmacokinetic Constants; Therapeutic Drug monitoring: Aminoglycosides, Digoxin, etc..." Antimicrobials "...Therapeutics; Prophylaxis; Detailed Susceptibilities; Antimicrobial Tables; etc..." Glucocorticoids "...Physiologic Control of Secretion; Pharmacodynamics; Systemic Effects of Glucocorticoid; Glucocorticoids as Drugs; Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy; etc..." Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) "...General Principles; Mechanism(s) of Action; Pharmacokinetics; Dosing; Toxicity; etc..." Cardiovascular Therapeutics "...Congestive Heart Failure; Positive Inotropes; Vasodilators; Diuretics; etc..." Gastrointestinal Therapeutics "...Induction of Emesis; Control of Emesis; Central-acting antiemetics; etc.." Respiratory System; Labs; etc. For more information see Veterinary Pharmacology; Courses or the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine

PHARMACOLOGY STATISTICS Statistics Related Centers FOR MORE THAN "100" DRUG CALCULATORS SEE THE CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER: MEDICAL & HEALTH CALCULATORS: DRUGS & PHARMACOLOGY FOR MORE THAN "400" STATISTICAL COURSES & CALCULATORS SEE THE CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER: STATISTICS CALCULATORS CENTER Pharmacology Statistics Calculators, Courses, Lectures, Lessons, etc. Examples of Statistics Courses VASSARSTATS: STATISTICAL COMPUTATION - R. Lowry, Department of Psychology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. Multimedia Statistics Course (Text, Images, Calculators & Java Applets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. VassarStats: Statistical Computation "...This site is dedicated to the free dissemination of knowledge on the world-wide web..." VassarStats Statistics Calculators include: Utilities Calculators Statistical Tables Calculator; Randomizer Calculator; Simple Graph Maker Calculator; etc..." Clinical Research Calculators Probabilities Calculators "...Randomness and the Appearance of Pattern Calculator; Pascal (Negative Binomial) Probabilities Calculator; Backward Probability Template Calculator; etc..." Distribution Calculators "...Binomial Distributions Calculator; Poisson Distributions Calculator; Chi-Square Distributions Calculator; t-Distributions Calculator; Distributions of r Calculator; F-Distributions Calculator; etc..." Frequency Data Calculators "...F-Distributions Calculator; Kolmogorov-Smirnov One-Sample Test Calculator; etc..." Proportions Calculators The Confidence Interval of a Proportion Calculator; Significance of the Difference Between Two Correlated Proportions Calculator; etc..." Ordinal Data Calculators Rank Order Correlation Calculator; Mann-Whitney Test Calculator; Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test Calculator; etc..." Correlation & Regression Calculators t-Tests & Procedures Calculators t-Tests for the Significance of the Difference between the Means of Two Samples Calculator; t-Test for Independent or Correlated Samples Calculator; etc..." ANOVA Calculators; ANCOVA Calculators; etc..." For more information see Richard Lowry's Home Page or the Department of Psychology Examples of Calculators CALCULATORS FOR PHARMACOKINETICS & BIOPHARMACEUTICS - D.W.A. Bourne, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma For more information see A First Course in Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics; David W.A. Bourne's Home Page or the College of Pharmacy Some examples from over "30" Pharmacokinetics Calculators & Applets and Biopharmaceutics Calculators & Applets include IV Bolus One Compartment Linear Model Calculator IV Bolus One Compartment Linear Model Calculator INPUT Values include: "...IV Bolus Dose; Apparent Volume of Distribution; Elimination Rate Constant; Time since IV Dose..." Cp Average Calculator Cp Average Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Drug Name; Required Cbar; Required F; Dose; V; kel; tau..." Intravenous Administration: Two compartment Microconstants to Macroconstants Calculator Intravenous Administration: Two compartment Microconstants to Macroconstants Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Dose; V1; kel; k21; k12..." Dosing Approaches: Saturable Elimination Determine Km and Vm Calculator Dosing Approaches: Saturable Elimination Determine Km and Vm Calculator INPUT Values include: "...First Dose Rate; First Average Cp; Second Dose Rate; Second Average Cp..." Saturable Elimination Average Concentration Calculator Saturable Elimination Average Concentration Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Dose Rate; Km; Vm..." GRAPHPAD QUICKCALCS - H.J. Motulsky, GraphPad Software, Inc. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see GraphPad Software GraphPad Software "...has been dedicated to creating software exclusively for the international scientific community. Created by scientists for scientists, our intuitive programs provide researchers worldwide with the tools they need to simplify data analysis, statistics and graphing..." Some examples from over "25" Calculators include McNemar's Test to Analyze a Matched Case-control Study Calculator McNemar's Test to Analyze a Matched Case-control Study Calculator "...is used to compare paired proportions. It can be used to analyze retrospective case-control studies..." Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Calculator - How Effective is a Clinical Treatment? Number Needed to Treat Calculator (NNT Calculator) INPUT Values include: "...Number of Patients in Control Group; Number of Patients in Experimental Group; Desired Confidence Level..." Post Test Calculator After Two-way (or other) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Post Test Calculator After Two-way (or other) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) "...performs any post tests between pairs of cells that you select. But note that this calculator does not perform the ANOVA calculations - you must use another program for that..." Randomly Assign Subjects to Treatment Groups Calculator andomly Assign Subjects to Treatment Groups Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Subjects; Number of Groups; Number of Repeat Times..." Compute ECanything from EC50 Calculator Compute ECanything from EC50 Calculator INPUT Values include: "...EC50; Hill Slope Factor; Desired EC (80, 90, etc.)..."

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