Martindale's Radiology Center: Medical Imaging Encyclopaedias, Bone Densitometry, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Medicine, Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), X-ray, Ultrasound, Sonography & Echocardiography, Databases, Courses, Cases, Lectures, Lessons, Videos, etc.

MARTINDALE'S

THE "VIRTUAL" ~ MEDICAL CENTER

RADIOLOGY CENTER

RADIOLOGY BY SUBJECT:

MEDICAL IMAGING ENCYCLOPAEDIAS, BONE DENSITOMETRY,

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT), NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR),

MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY (MRA), MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI),

NUCLEAR MEDICINE, POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET),

SINGLE EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT),

X-RAY, ULTRASOUND, SONOGRAPHY & ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

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Home Page ~ Radiology Center

RADIOLOGY BY SUBJECT
(Atlases, Cases, Courses, Databases, Lectures, Videos )

Bone Densitometry ~ Computed Tomography (CT) ~ Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Nuclear Medicine ~ Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Ultrasound Sonography, Echocardiography ~ X-ray

Radiology Journals

Radiology Cases (All Inclusive)

Medical Radiology (Medical Students & Residents)

Radiology by Subject
Bone Densitometry, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Nuclear Medicine, Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
Ultrasound Sonography/Echocardiography, X-ray

Radiology by Medical Category
Clinical Medicine - Radiology, Archaeological Radiology, Paleoradiology
Cardiothoracic Radiology/Thoracic Radiology, Gastrointestinal Radiology
Gynecological Radiology, Mammography, Obstetric Radiology
Interventional Radiology, Medical Physics, Neuroradiology, Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology
Pediatric Radiology, Skeletal & Musculoskeletal Radiology, Teleradiology
Trauma, Uroradiology, Veterinary Radiology

Radiology Resources, Equipment, Products

BONE DENSITOMETRY

Bone Densitometry Lectures & Lessons

BONE DENSITOMETRY - S. Ott, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington Multimedia Bone Densitometry Lectures & Lessons (Text, Images & Animations).
Examples of "Bone Densitometry" Categories & Subcategories include
Techniques
"...Dual Energy Xray Absorptiometry (DEXA);
Ultrasound;
Quantitative Computed Tomography; etc.
T and Z scores;
Bone density losses with aging;
Fracture Risk Calculator;
How to read a DEXA printout, step-by-step;
Clinical indications for BMD; etc..."
For more information see Osteoporosis & Bone Physiology; Susan Ott's Home Page; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Nutrition or the Department of Medicine

Also see

Osteoporosis & Bone Physiology Image Gallery

Osteoporosis & Bone Physiology Animations

BONE CURRICULUM - American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR), and hosted by: S. Ott, Osteoporosis & Bone Physiology, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington Multimedia Bone Curriculum Lectures (Text & Images).
Examples of "Bone Curriculum" Subject Categories include
"...Structure;
Bone cells;
Bone growth and remodeling;
Collagen and bone matrix;
Hormones that affect bone;
Diseases of bone; etc..."
For more information see the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) or S. Ott's Osteoporosis & Bone Physiology Page

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)

Computed Tomography Atlases, Cases & Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

CT IS US (REALPLAYER) - E.K. Fishman, The Advanced Medical Imaging Laboratory (AMIL), The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Multimedia Computed Tomography (CT) Atlases, Computed Tomography (CT) Cases, Computed Tomography (CT) Courses, Computed Tomography (CT) Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). For more information see The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science

Computed Tomography (CT): Radiation Effective Dose from CT Scans

RADIATION EFFECTIVE DOSE FROM CT SCANS CALCULATOR - R.E. Reiman, General Secretary, DUMC Radiation Safety Committee, Duke University Medical Center, and hosted by the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO), Duke University
Radiation Effective Dose From CT Scans Calculator (Radiation Dose Calculator)
"...is intended to be a convenient reference for estimating radiation effective dose to from CT, under the stated conditions..."
Radiation Effective Dose From CT Scans Calculator INPUT Values include:
"...Patients Mass; Type of CT Examination (Abdominal CT or Chest CT)..."
For more information see Web Utilities for Radiation Safety, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radiation Safety or the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO)

MAGNETIC RESONANCE - NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Courses with Text, Images & Simulations

NMR COURSE (FLASH) - F. Sauriol, NMR Facility, Department of Chemistry, Queens University, Ontario, Canada Multimedia Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Course (Text, Images, Simulations, Animations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)" Course Chapters include
"...Basic Concepts;
Pulse Tools;
2DJ-NMR;
2D: Homonuclear;
3D-NMR experiments; etc..."
Examples of "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)" Animations include
"...An Animation that reviews various aspect of NMR;
An Animation that reviews more specifically Scalar Couplings;
Animation on the APT pulse sequence; Animation on 3D HNCA;
Animation on the INEPT pulse sequence; Carbon13 couplings; Spin-Echo; etc..."
For more information see Advanced NMR Course; The NMR Facility at Queen's University; Facility Information - NMR; Research Facilities - Facility Information or the Department of Chemistry

Examples of "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)" Course Chapter Lessons include

The APT Experiment

Precession and the magnetic field in NMR

NMR parameters

THE BASICS OF NMR - J.P. Hornak, Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY Multimedia Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Course (Text, Images, Animations & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
The Basic of NMR
"...is a phenomenon which occurs when the nuclei of certain atoms are immersed in a static magnetic field and exposed to a second oscillating magnetic field. Some nuclei experience this phenomenon, and others do not, dependent upon whether they possess a property called spin..."
Examples of "The Basic of NMR" Course Chapters include
"...Introduction;
The Mathematics of NMR;
Spin Physics;
NMR Spectroscopy;
Fourier Transforms;
Pulse Sequences,
NMR Hardware;
Practical Considerations;
Carbon-13 NMR;
2-D Techniques;
Advanced Spectroscopic Techniques; etc..."
For more information see the Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Examples of "The Basic of NMR" Course Chapters include

Chapter 5: Fourier Transforms

Chapter 7: NMR Hardware

Chapter 10: 2-D Techniques

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Lectures & Lessons

NMR-COLLABORATIVE TRAINING PROJECT (NMR-CTP) - A. Grushow & A. Brandolini, NMR Facility, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry & Physics, Rider University Multimedia Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Lessoons (Text & Images).
NMR-Collaborative Training Project
"...Through the use of this tutorial, we hope that you will come to understand many of the practical aspects of NMR experiments, from preparing a sample to analyzing the resulting spectrum..."
For more information see Rider University NMR Facility; Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry & Physics or the Rider University

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Tools & Calculators

FOR NMR PERIODIC TABLES SEE THE "PERIODIC TABLES: NME PERIODIC TABLES"

FOR NMR SIMULATIONS & CALCULATORS SEE THE "CALCULATORS ONLINE CENTER: PART I:I-N - MEDICAL: RADIOLOGY" OR THE "CALCULATORS ONLINE CENTER: CHEMISTRY - NMR"

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Courses - MRI Courses with Text, Images, Simulations & Audio/Sound

THE BASICS OF MRI - J.P. Hornak, Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY Multimedia Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Course (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Available in English, Italian & Russian.
The Basics of MRI
"...is an imaging technique used primarily in medical settings to produce high quality images of the inside of the human body. MRI is based on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a spectroscopic technique used by scientists to obtain microscopic chemical and physical information about molecules. The technique was called magnetic resonance imaging rather than nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) because of the negative connotations associated with the word..."
Examples of "The Basics of MRI" Course Chapters include
"...Introduction;
The Mathematics of NMR;
Spin Physics;
NMR Spectroscopy;
Fourier Transforms;
Imaging Techniques;
Fourier Transform Imaging Principles;
Basic Imaging Techniques;
Imaging Hardware;
Advanced Imaging Techniques; etc..."
For more information see Class Material or the Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

Examples of "The Basics of MRI" Course Chapters include

Chapter 2: The Mathematics of NMR

Chapter 3: Spin Physics

Chapter 12: Advanced Imaging Techniques

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Nuclear Medicine Cases - Nuclear Medicine Teaching Files

Nuclear Medicine Cases

NUCLEAR MEDICINE CASES - NUCLEAR MEDICINE TEACHING FILES - Society of Nuclear Medicine Multimedia Nuclear Medicine Cases, Nuclear Medicine Teaching Files (Text & Images). For more information see Education or the Society of Nuclear Medicine

NUCLEAR MEDICINE CASES - J. Wallis, M. Miller, T. Miller, T.H. Vreeland, H. Royal, S. Owens and K.S. Sampathkumaran, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis Multimedia Nuclear Medicine Cases (Text & Images).
Nuclear Medicine Cases
"...The goal of the teaching file is to provide practice for nuclear medicine residents and physicians in the interpretation of nuclear medicine studies. Images are provided initially without the diagnoses, so that physicians can form their own opinion about the cases. The diagnoses are then available via a hypertext link, along with a full case discussion..."
Includes over "250" "Nuclear Medicine" Cases & Teaching File Cases which can be viewed via:
"...Nuclear Medicine Cases as Unknowns (Without Diagnoses);
Nuclear Medicine Cases with Diagnoses;
Search Teaching File Nuclear Medicine Cases;
View a Random Nuclear Medicine Case as an Unknown; etc..."
For more information see Division of Nuclear Medicine

Nuclear Medicine Online Exams for Physicians, SNM Technologists, Pharmacists

ONLINE VOICE EXAMS FOR SNM TECHNOLOGIESTS; ONLINE AMA/PRA (CME) EXAMS FOR PHYSICIANS; ONLINE ACPE EXAMS FOR PHARMACISTS; ONLINE CAMPEP FOR PHYSICISTS - Society of Nuclear Medicine Multimedia Nuclear Medicine Exams (Text & Images).
Nuclear Medicine Exams
"...The exams are derived from JNM and JNMT continuing education articles..."
For more information see Education or the Society of Nuclear Medicine

Nuclear Medicine Dose Calculators

RADIATION DOSE TO THE BREAST FROM MAMMOGRAPHY - CALCULATOR - R.E. Reiman, General Secretary, DUMC Radiation Safety Committee, Duke University Medical Center, and hosted by the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO), Duke University
Radiation Dose to the Breast from Mammography Calculator (Radiation Dose Calculator)
"...is intended to be a convenient reference for estimating radiation dose to glandular breast tissue from mammography, under the stated conditions..."
Radiation Dose to the Breast From Mammography Calculator INPUT Values include:
"...kVp; Filtration Half-Value Layer; Thickness of Compressed Breast Tissue;
Glandular Fraction; Skin Entrance Exposure;
Target/Filtration Combination
(Molybdenum/Molybdenum, Molybdenum/Rhodium or Rhodium/Rhodium)..."

For more information see Web Utilities for Radiation Safety, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radiation Safety or the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO)

RADIATION DOSE TO THE SKIN FROM VARIOUS BETA EMITTERS CALCULATOR - R.E. Reiman, General Secretary, DUMC Radiation Safety Committee, Duke University Medical Center, and hosted by the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO), Duke University
Radiation Dose to the Skin From Various Beta Emitters Calculator (Radiation Dose Calculator)
"...is intended to be a convenient reference in the event of skin contamination with radioactive materials..."
Radiation Dose to the Skin From Various Beta Emitters Calculator INPUT Values include:
"...Select Radionuclide
(Carbon 14, Flourine 18, Phosphorus 32, Sulfur 35,
Iodine 31, Cobalt 60 or Cesium 137);
Select Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
(None, Exam Glove, Chemical Glove, Heavyweight Glove or Heavy Duty Glove);
Radioactivity Concentration; Volume Spilled; Time Spill Contacted Skin or Clothing..."
For more information see Web Utilities for Radiation Safety, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radiation Safety or the Occupational & Environmental Safety Office (OESO)

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)

Positron Emission Tomography Cases - PET Cases - PET/CT Cases

PET & PET/CT CLINICAL CASE STUDIES - PETNET Solutions, Siemens Inc. Multimedia Positron Emission Tomography (PET) (Text & Images).
Examples of "Positron Emission Tomography (PET)" Case Categories include
"...Alzheimer's Disease Cases;
Breast Cancer Cases;
Colorectal Cancer Cases;
Epilepsy Cases;
Esophageal Cancer Cases;
Head and Neck Cancer Cases;
Heart Disease Cases;
Kidney and Bladder Cancer Cases;
Lung Cancer Cases;
Lymphoma Cases;
Melanoma Cases;
Ovarian Cancer Cases;
Pancreatic Cancer Cases;
Thyroid Cancer Cases; etc..."
Examples of "Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT" Case Categories include
Breast Cancer Cases;
Cervical Cancer Cases;
Colorectal Cancer Cases;
Esophageal Cancer Cases;
Head and Neck Cancer Cases;
Heart Disease Cases;
Ovarian Cancer Cases;
Pancreatic Cancer Cases; etc..."
For more information see Physicians or PETNET Solutions

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Atlases, Cases, Courses, Lectures, etc.

18FDG-PET AND PET/CT IMAGE ATLAS - C.D. Rajadhyaksha, J.A. Parker, L. Barbaras & V.H. Gerbaudo, Joint Program in Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Multimedia Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Atlas, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Cases, Positron Emission Tomography (PET)s Lessons, etc. (Text, Images & Videos/Movies).
Normal and Benign Pathologic Findings in ¹⁸FDG-PET and PET/CT: An Interactive Web Based Image Atlas Subject Categories include:
Basics of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET;
Basics of Pet-CT;
Normal Distribution;
Benign Pathologic Variants;
Pitfalls & Artifacts;
Cases
Examples of "Normal Distribution Cases" Categories include
"...Brain;
Heart;
Skeletal muscle;
Larnyx;
Genito-urinary tract;
Bone Marrow;
Thyroid - normal, goiter, benign nodules; etc..."
Examples of "Benign Pathologic Variants Cases" Categories
"...Wound Healing;
Skeletal;
Radiation;
Sarcoidosis;
Ventral Hernia;
Rectal Hemorrhoids; etc..."

For more information see Joint Program in Nuclear Medicine or the Department of Radiology

ULTRASOUND, SONOGRAPHY & ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

Echocardiography, Ultrasound & Sonography

Ultrasound Lectures with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

ISUOG OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY ULTRASOUND VIDEO LECTURES - International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) Multimedia Obstetrics & Gynecology Ultrasound Video Lectures (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). For more information see Online Learning or the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG)

Ultrasound Cases

ULTRASOUND CASES - Author: T.Geertsma, Department of Radiology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei in Ede, The Netherlands and ALOKA Holding Europe AG in Zug, Switzerland Multimedia Ultrasound Cases & Case of the Month (Text & Images).
Includes over "3,500" Ultrasound Cases.
Examples of 'Ultrasound Cases" Subject Categories include
"...Ultrasound Abdomen Cases;
Ultrasound Urinary Tract Cases and Male Reproductive System Cases;
Ultrasound Gynaecology Cases;
Ultrasound Head and Neck Cases;
Ultrasound Breast Cases;
Ultrasound Musculoskeletal: Joints and Tendons Cases;
Ultrasound Musculoskeletal: Bone, Muscle, Nerves and other Soft Tissues Cases;
Ultrasound Thorax Cases;
Ultrasound Pediatric Cases;
Ultrasound Peripheral Vessels Cases; etc..."

ULTRASOUND CASES - Sonoworld Multimedia Ultrasound Cases (CME Available) & Ultrasound Textbook (Text & Images).
Examples of 'Ultrasound Cases" Subject Categories include
"...Ultrasound Abdomen Cases;
Ultrasound Retroperitoneum Cases;
Ultrasound Pelvis Cases;
Ultrasound Obstetrics Cases;
Ultrasound Vascular/Cardiac Cases;
Ultrasound Musculoskeletal/Small parts Cases;
Ultrasound Brain/Spine Cases; etc..."

Echocardiography Atlases, Cases, Courses with Text, Images & Videos/Movies

ECHO BY WEB - DIGITAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY - P. Barbie, Italy Multimedia Echocardiography Atlas, Echocardiography Cases, Echocardiography Course, Echocardiography Lessons, etc. (Text, Images & Videos/Movies).
Examples of "Digital Echocardiography" Atlases include
"... Transthoracic Normal Atlas;
Transesophageal Normal Atlas;
Transthoracic Pathology Atlas;
Transesophageal Pathology Atlas; etc..."

Ultrasound Clinical Practice Guidelines & Standards

ULTRASOUND CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES - American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) Multimedia Ultrasound Clinical Practice Guidelines (Text & Images). For more information see the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM)

Ultrasound Color & Grayscale Images

ULTRASOUND COLOR AND GRAYSCALE IMAGES - Gonzalo E. Diaz Murillo, Diagnostic Ultrasound Multimedia Ultrasound Color & Grayscale Image Database (Text & Images). For more information see the Diagnostic Ultrasound

Ultrasound Lessons

DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND - Gonzalo E. Diaz Murillo, Diagnostic Ultrasound Multimedia Ultrasound Lessonss (Text & Images). For more information see the Diagnostic Ultrasound

X-RAY

X-ray Atlases, Cases & Courses

X-RAY CLINICAL CASES, X-RAY IMAGE GALLERY & X-RAY LESSONS - GE Healthcare, General Electric Company Multimedia X-ray Lessons, X-ray Cases & X-ray Image Callery, etc. (Text & Images).
Examples include
"...Introduction to Digital X-ray;
X-ray Dose Concept and Reduction Measures;
Digital Radiography Image Gallery; etc..."
For more information see GE Healthcare or the General Electric Company

Radiology Center

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