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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CENTER: A-L

(Calculators, Applets, Spreadsheets,
and where Applicable includes: Courses, Manuals,
Handbooks, Simulations, Animations, Videos, etc.)


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Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains
over "24,475" Calculators & Spreadsheets,
over "4,200" Courses, Lectures, Manuals, Handbooks,
& "1,000's" of Movies, Videos, Simulations & Animations


MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CENTER: A-L


Ballistics, Archery, Guns, Rifles, etc.


Bearings, Rolling Bearings, Plain Bearings, etc.


Bolts, Nuts & Fasterners ~ Calipers


Compressors ~ Corrosion


Design and Manufacturing ~ Drills & Bits ~ Elevators/Escalators


Gas Combustion, Gas Ignition, Natural Gas Compressibility, Gas Mixtures, etc.


Generators ~ Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)


Horology, Watchmaking & Clockmaking ~ Hydraulics ~ Laser Drilling


Linkage/Mechanism Design & Analysis


Lubricants, Tribology, Particle Transport, Deposition & Removal


Mechanical Engineering By Subject: M-R

Mechanical Engineering By Subject: S-Z


Engineering Center


Calculators On-Line Center








Ballistics, Archery, Guns, Rifles, etc.



Archery - Arrow Mechanics & Ballistics (All Inclusive)


Arrow Penetration ~ Arrow & Shaft Selectors, Arrow Video Vault, Crossbows, etc. ~ Kenetic Energy


Gun, Rifle, Shotgun, etc. Ballistics (All Inclusive)


Ballistics Coefficient ~ Bullet Penetration ~ Handloading


Recoil ~ Scopes


Shotgun Recoil Energy, Impulse & Velocity


Trapshooting & Skeet


Gunsmith Tools & Supplies



    Ballistics, Archery, Guns, Rifles, etc. Lectures, Calculators, Spreadsheets, Simulations, etc.


      ARCHERY: ARCHERY MECHANICS, BALLISTICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, GUIDES, HANDBOOKS, TEXTBOOKS, ETC.



      ARCHERY: ARROW PENETRATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, LECTURES, LESSONS, SIMULATIONS, ETC.

        ARROW PENETRATION CALCULATOR - Bow Mechanics and Arrow Flight, J. Tapley VERY EXTENSIVE.
        The four major factors that influence penetration are
          "...Kinetic Energy, Broadhead Type, Friction, and Arrow Construction/Flight. Each work in concert, and one can sometimes influence one or more of the others..."
          "...Kinetic Energy, which is commonly abbreviated as 'KE,' is the determining factor when it comes to penetration. The other factors play a part, certainly, but no where near to the extent that KE does. If you have enough KE, you can almost (but not quite) forget about the other factors..."
        Arrow Penetration Calculator INPUT Values include:
          "...How much do your arrows weigh in grains;
          How fast (in feet per second) are your arrows..."
        For more information see Bowsite.com





      ARROW & SHAFT SELECTORS, CROSSBOWS, ETC.



      ARCHERY: KENETIC ENERGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS


      GUN, RIFLE, SHOTGUN, ETC. BALLISTICS CALCULATORS, FORMULAS, TOOLS, GUIDES, ETC.

        GUN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS,

        RIFLE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        SHOTGUN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        JBM SMALL ARMS BALLISTICS CALCULATORS - J.B. Millard, Las Cruces, New Mexico VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Examples of "JBM Small Arms Ballistics" Calculators include
          "...Ballistic Coefficients (Time) Calculator;
          Ballistic Coefficients (Velocity) Calculator;
          Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator;
          Drag Function Conversion Calculator;
          Maximum Distance Calculator;
          Modified Point Mass Trajectory Calculator;
          Bower Factor Calculator;
          Recoil Calculator; etc..."
        For more information see Brad Millard's Home Page

          Examples from over "10" "JBM Small Arms Ballistics" Calculators include

            Ballistic Coefficients (Velocity) Calculator
            Ballistic Coefficients Calculator
              "...finds the ballistic coefficient of a bullet fired over a known distance..."
            Ballistic Coefficients Calculator INPUT Values include:
              "...Near Velocity; Far Velocity; Distance; Drag Function;
              Temperature; Pressure; Relative Humidity; Altitude; ..."

            Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator
            Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator
              "...provides the bullet drag and stability (not Greenhill's formula) based on bullet dimensions..."
            Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator INPUT Values include:
              "...Caliber; Nose Length; Meplat Diameter; Ogive Radius;
              Nose Type; Boattail Length; Base Diameter; Total Length;
              Rotating Band Diameter; Weight; etc..."

            Trajectory Calculator
            Trajectory Calculator
              "...Calculate a trajectory from bullet, velocity, firearm and atmospheric parameters..."
            Trajectory Calculator INPUT Values include:
              "...Select bullet or enter Ballistic Coefficient and Bullet Weight;
              Caliber; Muzzle Velocity; Chronograph Distance; Sight Height;
              Sight Offset; Zero Height; Zero Offset; Azimuth; Elevation;
              LOS Angle; Cant Angle; Wind Speed; Wind Angle;
              Target Speed; Target Angle; etc..."



        BALLISTIC FORMULAS & TOOLS IN JAVA: ENGLISH & METRIC - Welcome to Alligators, Z. Jakhua VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Welcome to Alligators

          Examples of Ballistic Calculators include:

        BALLISTICIAN'S CORNER - CALCULATORS - Beartooth Bullets VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Ballistician's Corner
          "...A comprehensive collection of interactive, online ballistics calculators! Exterior Ballistics, Recoil Calculator, Wound Channel Calculator, Stopping Power Calculators (mutiple), Round Ball Weight Calculator, Powder Calculators, and more! A one-stop resource for your technical ballistic data needs..."
        Ballistics Calculators include:
          "...Permanent Wound Channel Calculator;
          Relative Penetration Calculator;
          Thornily Relative Stopping Power Calculator;
          Taylor Knock Out Power Calculator;
          Foot-Pounds Energy Calculator;
          Recoil Calculator;
          Ballistic Coefficient (BC) Calculator;
          External Ballistics Calculator;
          Loads per Pound of Powder Calculator;
          Sectional Density Calculator;
          Cost per Load/Box Calculator; etc..."
        For more information see Beartooth Bullets

          Some examples from over "14" Ballistics Calculators include

            Relative Penetration Calculator
            Relative Penetration Calculator
              "...Generates the relative penetration index for any given bullet. Calculates based on bullet weight and Meplat or fronal area of the bullet..."

            Thornily Stopping Power Calculator
            Thornily Stopping Power Calculator
              "...calculates via a relative stopping power quotient the amount of gun and load necessary..."

            Foot-Pounds Energy Calculator
            Foot-Pounds Energy Calculator
              "...Figure foot-pounds energy of a load..."

            Recoil Calculator
            Recoil Calculator
              "...figures the velocity in fps of how fast the gun comes back at you, as well as how many foot-pounds are traveling with it..."



        BALLISTIC CALCULATOR - Handloads.com VERY EXTENSIVE.
          Ballistic Calculator INPUT Values include:
            "...Velocity; Bullet Weight; Sight in at; Ball Coefficient;
            Sight Height: Intervals; Maximum Range;
            Muzzle Elevation; Degrees; Temperature; Altitude;
            Wind Miles per Hour; Wind Direction..."
          Ballistic Calculator OUTPUT values include:
            "...Range; Remaining Velocity; Total Drop;
            Point of Impact in Relation to Aiming Point; Time of Flight;
            Remaining Energy in Foot Pounds; Wind Drift;..."
        For more information see Handloads.com



        BALLISTIC SIMULATOR - S. Russell, A. Hulse & G. Bothun, University of Oregon
        Ballistic Simulator is designed to
          "...measure the relation between muzzle velocity (which determines projectile energy), gravitational potential and the effects of frictional drag caused by wind speed blowing opposite to the direction the projectile is moving in..."
        For more information see the Virtual Laboratory




      BALLISTICS COEFFICIENT CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.



      BULLET PENETRATION CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.

        BULLET PENETRATION CALCULATOR - Beartooth Bullets VERY EXTENSIVE
        Bullet Penetration Calculator
          "...generates a relative penetration index for any given bullet. It derives it's information based on the bullet's weight and frontal area of the nose. The index number generated does not represent inches of penetration, but rather provides a very precise tool for comparing the penetration potential of any two non-expanding bullets. To utilize this tool for expanding bullets, you must first determine the anticipated diameter of the bullet after expansion..."
        For more information see Ballistician's Corner - Calculators or Beartooth Bullets





      HANDLOADING CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.



      RECOIL CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.



      SCOPE CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.

        BORE SCOPE OFFSET CALCULATOR - R.W. Wilson
        Using the Bore Scope Offset Calculator
          "...At the desired borescope sighting distance, align the bore of the rifle with the center of a target. Now adjust the scope such that it is aimed at a point "X" inches below the center of the target..."
        Bore Scope Offset Calculator INPUT Values include:
          "...Scope Height; Bullet Mass; Bullet Ballistic Coefficient;
          Muzzle Velocity; Distance at which you want the Gun Zeroed;
          Distance at which you are Bore Sighting the Gun;..."
        For more information see the My Shareware or R.W. Wilson's Home Page





      SHOTGUN RECOIL ENERGY CALCULATORS, GUIDES, DATABASES, ETC.



      TRAPSHOOTING CALCULATORS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), DATABASES, GUIDES, HANDBOOKS, ETC.

        SKEET SHOOTING CALCULATORS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), DATABASES, GUIDES, HANDBOOKS, ETC.

        TRAPSHOOTING RELOADING COST CALCULATORS - Trapshooters.com VERY VERY EXTENSIVE.
        Trapshooting Reloading Cost Calculators include:
          Trapshooting Reloading Cost Calculator INPUT Values include:
            "...Powder Cost; Pounds; How many grains in your Reload;
            Primer Cost; How many Primers; Wad Costs; How many Wads;
            Shot Cost; How Many Pounds; How Many Ounces in your Reload;
            Hull Costs; How many Hulls; etc..."
          Trapshooting Reloading Cost Calculator Advanced;
          Trapshooting Reloading Cost Calculator With Sample Data;
          Trapshooting Reloading Cost Calculator Advanced With Sample Data;..."
        For more information see Trapshooters.com





      GUNSMITH TOOLS & SUPPLIES VIDEOS

        GUNSMITH TOOLS & SUPPLIES VIDEOS - Brownells, Inc. Multimedia Gunsmith Tools & Supplies Video Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Includes over "200" Videos.
        Examples of Major Categories include
          "...Measuring Tools Videos;
          Barrel Blanks & Tools Videos;
          General Gunsmith Tools Videos;
          Sight & Scope Installation Tools Videos;
          Stock Work & Finishings Videos;
          Shotgun Tools Videos;
          Rifle Tools Videos; etc..."
        For more information see Brownells, Inc.







    Bearings, Rolling Bearings, Plain Bearings, etc.


      BEARING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, SIMULATIONS, GUIDES, TECHNICAL REPORTS, ETC.

        BEARING CALCULATOR - Beemer Precision, Inc. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE.
        Bearing Calculator INPUT Values include:
          "...Bearing ID; OD; Housing Bore; Press Fit; Close In; ID After Install; Shaft Diameter; Clearance; OAL Length, etc..."
        For more information see Beemer Precision, Inc.



        BEARINGS (CALCULATORS) - SKF, Göteborg, Sweden Multimedia Technical Reports, Lessons, Guides, etc. for Rolling Bearings, Bearing Units, Bearing Housings, Plain Bearings, Industrial Shaft Seals, Hydraulic Seals, etc. (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Available in English, French, German, Japanese, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish & Russian.
        Click on "Knowledge Centre", then "Engineering Tools", then "Bearings Calc"
        Rolling Bearings
          "...To design a rolling bearing arrangement it is necessary:
            to select a suitable bearing type;
            to determine a suitable bearing size.
          Several other aspects have to be considered, such as:
            a suitable form and design of other components of the arrangement:
            appropriate fits and bearing internal clearance or preload;
            holding devices;
            adequate seals..."
        Rolling Bearings Calculators include
          "...Bearing Life Calculator;
          Equivalent Bearing Loads and Basic Rating Life Calculator;
          Minimum Load Calculator;
          Viscosity Calculator;
          Dynamic Axial Load Carrying Capacity of Cylindrical Roller Bearings Calculator;
          Frictional Moment - Power Loss Calculator;
          Bearing Frequencies Calculator;
          CARB, Axial Displacement - Misalignment Calculator;
          CARB, Axial Displacement - Clearance Calculator;
          CARB, Space at the Sides of the Bearing Calculator;
          Shaft tolerances and resultant fits Calculator;
          SKF Bearing Select Calculator; etc..."
        Plain Bearings include:
          Spherical plain bearings and rod ends;
          Composite dry sliding bearings and FW bushings..."
        Plain Bearings Calculators include
          "...Spherical Plain Bearings and Rod Ends - Basic Rating Service Life Calculator;
          Frictional Moment Calculator;
          Composite Dry Sliding Bearings - Basic Rating Service Life Calculator; etc..."
        For more information see SKF





    Bolts, Nuts, Screws & Fasterners


      BOLTS SCIENCE COURSES, LESSONS, ETC.

        BOLT SCIENCE - Bolt Science Limited, Lancashire, U.K. Multimedia Bolt Science Technical Reports, Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Examples of "Bolt Science" Technical Reports, Lessons, etc. include
          "...Nuts & Bolts Glossary;
          Tutorial on the theory of Bolted Joints;
          Methods of Tightening Bolts;
          Bolt Tightening and Quality Control;
          Strength of Threaded Fasteners;
          Bolted Joints containing Gaskets;
          Short Bolting - Ensuring sufficient thread engagement; etc..."
        For more information see Bolt Science



      BOLTS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        NUTS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        SCREWS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        BOLT WEIGHT CALCULATOR - Portland Bolt & Manufacturing Company Multimedia Technical Reports, Guides, Calculators, etc. (Text & Images).
        Bolt Weight Calculator INPUT Values include
          "...Bolt Type; Diameter; Length; etc..."
        Examples of Portland Bolt & Manufacturing Company Technical Reports include
          "...Fastener Identification Markings and Bolt Strength Requirements;
          ASTM A563 Nut Compatibility Chart;
          Standard Thread Pitches Chart;
          AASHTO to ASTM Conversions;
          Bolt Glossary; etc..."
        For more information see Portland Bolt & Manufacturing Company or the Portland Bolt & Manufacturing Company

        NUT AND BOLT STRESS CALCULATORS - R. Maltby, BlotPlanet.com VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
          "...Occasionally, our calculator produces dimension values that differ from those in the ASME table in that the last digit is off by one. For instance, the minimum major diameter of a UNC 0.25-20 bolt is 0.2407 inches according to our calculator, but 0.2408 inches according to the ASME table and books such as Machinery's Handbook that copy the ASME table. Assuming one considers the formulas described in the ASME standard to be correct, our calculator produces the correct result rounded to the nearest ten-thousandth of an inch..."
        Common Bolts Types Calculators include:
          "...UNC Bolt Calculator;
          UNF Bolt Calculator;
          UNEF Bolt Calculator;
          4UN Bolt Calculator;
          6UN Bolt Calculator;
          8UN Bolt Calculator;
          12UN Bolt Calculator;
          16UN Bolt Calculator;
          28UN Bolt Calculator; etc..."
        Bolt & Nut Stress INPUT Values for each Bolt type includes:
          "...Size; Class of Fit (Bolt - Nut);
          Tensile Strength of Bolt Material;
          Tensile Strength of Nut Material;
          Desired Tensile Stress in Bolt;
          Nut Factor; etc..."



        BOLT STRESS CALCULATION TOOL - CALCULATOR - P. Turula VERY EXTENSIVE.
        Bolt Stress Calculator INPUT Values include:
          "...Level of Output Detail;
          Metric or U.S.;
          Nominal Diameter;
          Pitch;
          Nut Factor;
          Bolt Force;
          Bolt Torque Factor..."
        For more information see Peter Turula's Home Page





      TORQUE CALCULATORS & APPLETS: FOR BOLTS, NUTS & FASTENERS



    Control & Measurement


      CONTROL SYSTEMS COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC.



      CONTROL & MEASUREMENT CALCULATORS, COURSES, LECTURES, TECHNICAL REPORTS, DATABASES, ETC.

        CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS CALCULATORS & APPLETS

        MEASUREMENT & CONTROL COURSES, LECTURES, DATABASES, ETC.

        MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNICAL REFERENCE - Omega Engineering Inc. Multimedia Measurement and Control of: Temperature; Pressure, Strain & Force; Flow & Level; pH & Conductivity; Electric Heaters and Data Aquisition Lessons, Glossaries, Databases, Calculators, etc. (Text, Images, Animations & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
        Examples of "Measurement and Control" Lessons, Databases & Calculators include
          Transactions in Measurement & Control Series:
            "...Non-Contact Temperature Measurement; Data Acquistion;
            Force Related Measurements; etc...."
          Temperature:
            "...Introduction to Thermocouples; Thermocouple Wire;
            Wire Color Codes and Limits of Error;
            Introduction to Temperature Controllers;
            Introduction to Temperature Measurement; etc..."
          Pressure, Strain and Force:
            "...Introduction to Accelerometers; Introduction to Load Cells;
            Introduction to Pressure Transducers; etc..."
          Flow and Level:
            "...Introduction to Rotameters; Introduction to Flow Meters;
            Liquid Flowmeters; etc..."
          Data Acquisition:
            "...Data Acquisition Knowledge Base;
            Introduction to Data Acquisition Systems;
            Introduction to Data Logging Systems; etc..."
        For more information see Omega Engineering Inc.





      CONTROL SYSTEMS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        CONTROL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS - SoftIntegration, Inc. VERY VERY VERY.....EXTENSIVE.
        Control System Design and Analysis Calculators
          "...can be used for modeling, design, and analysis of continuous-time or discrete-time linear time-invariant (LTI) control systems..."
        Control System Design and Analysis Major Categories with over "40" Calculators include:
          "...Time Domain Response Analysis Calculators;
          Frequency Domain Analysis Calculators;
          Analysis and Design in State-Space Calculators;
          Model Reduction and Dynamics Calculators;
          Root Locus Design Calculators;
          Model Conversion Calculators;
          System Conversion Calculators;
          System Interconnection Calculators..."
        For more information see Web Services; Plotting and Scientific Numerical Computing; Numerical Computing or SoftIntegration, Inc.

          Some examples of Control System Design and Analysis Major Categories with Calculators include

            Time-Domain Response Analysis Calculators
            "...The time-domain approach is a unified method for analyzing and designing systems modeled by either modern or classical approach..."

            Frequency-Domain Analysis Calculators
            "...The frequency response is the system's response to sinusoidal inputs. The output of a linear time-invariant system to a sinusoidal input is a sinusoid of the same frequency but with..."

            Analysis and Design in State-Space Calculators
            "...The state-space method is the modern approach for control system design and analysis. The controllability and observability are important structural properties of a control system..."









Gas Mixtures, Gas Dynamics, etc.



Gas Conversion, Gas Physical Data, Material Compatability, etc.


Combustion Dynamics


Gas Dynamics


Gas Explosions ~ Gas Mixtures ~ Gas Saturation in Water


Infra-Red Gas Radiation


Natural Gas Ignition ~ Thermal Gas-Phase Chemical Reactions


Thermochemical: Gas-Phase Molecules









Heating,
Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)



HVAC Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc.


Fresh Air Heating & Cooling Loads


Sheet Metal & Combustion Air Requirements


Air Conditioning & AC Coils ~ Colling Towers, Hydronics, etc.


Heating/BTU ~ Psychrometric ~ Ventilation Systems





      VENTILATION SYSTEMS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        Building Ventilation

        BUILDING VENTILATION CALCULATOR - Alpine Air
        Building Ventilation Calculator INPUT Values include:
          "...Building Dimensions (Length; Width & Height);
          Minutes Per Air Change..."
        Recommended Air Changes - Area to be Ventilated Chart includes:
          "...Assembly Halls; Auditoriums; Banks; Barns; Bowling Alleys;
          Churches; Clubs; Factories; Dining Rooms; Bars; Beauty Parlors;
          Dairies; Dry Cleaners; Bakeries; Boiler Rooms; Laundries;
          Attic Ventilation; etc..."
        For more information see Alpine Air



        CONVECTIVE FLOW DUE TO STACK EFFECT - CALCULATOR - Chuck Wright Consulting, LLC.
        Convective Flow
          "...One way to ventilate a building that is hotter or colder on the inside than outside is to use what is known as 'stack effect'..."
          "...If there is an opening high in the building and another low in the building, a natural flow will be caused. If the air in the building is warmer than the outside, this warmer air will float out the top opening, being replaced with cooler air from outside..."
        Flow Rate Calculator INPUT Values include:
          "...Building Area;
          Height difference between the top and bottom openings;
          Indoor Temperature;
          Outdoor Temperature..."
        For more information see Calculators or Chuck Wright's Home Page



        Attic Ventilation

        ATTIC VENTILATION CALCULATOR - Tamlyn
        Attic Ventilation Calculator INPUT Values include
          "...Roof Pitch that is closest to Yours;
          Width of Home;
          Length of Home;
          Attic Size..."
        For more information see Tamlyn





    Laser Drilling


      LASER DRILLING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        ORIFICE SIZING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

        ORIFICE SIZING CALCULATOR - LASER DRILLING (FOR GAS DRILLING TO FLOW RATE) - Lenox Laser, Glen Arm, MD VERY VERY EXTENSIVE.
        Orifice Sizing Calculator INPUT Values include:
          Inlet Pressure
            "...PSIA; PSIG; Inches Mercury Absolute; Inches Water Absolute;
            Bar; Torr; Atmosphere or Kilopascals..."
          Outlet Pressure
            "...PSIA; PSIG; Inches Mercury Absolute; Inches Water Absolute;
            Bar; Torr; Atmosphere or Kilopascals..."
          Gas Type
            "...Air; Acetylene; Ammonia; Argon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Monoxide;
            Ethylene; Helium; Hexahydrocholric Acid; Hydrochloric Acid;
            Hydrogen; Methane; etc..."
          Temperature
            "...Farenheit; Celcius; Kelvin..."
          Flow Rate
            "...Standard Cubic Centimeters per Second, Minute or Hour;
            Standard Cubic Feet per Second, Minute or Hour;
            Standard Gallons per Second, Minute or Hour; etc..."
          Hole Units
            "...Microns or Inches..."
        For more information see Lenox Laser






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