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Aerodynamics

Aeronautics Courses for Beginner's Text, Images, Simulations & Videos/Movies Aeronautics Courses Text, Images, Simulations & Videos/Movies Aeronautics Tools ~ Aeronautics Flow & Compressible Flow Boundary Layer ~ Gas Dynamics Shock Tube ~ Speed of Sound, Mach Number Thermodynamics Properties of Air Viscous Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Aerodynamics Calculators, Applets, Animations & Simulations AERODYNAMICS RELATED CENTERS FOR FLUID DYNAMICS & MECHANICS CALCULATORS & APPLETS SEE FLUID DYNAMICS & MECHANICS AERONAUTICS COURSES FOR BEGINNER'S CALCULATORS, APPLETS, VIDEOS/MOVIES, ETC. BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO AERONAUTICS (QUICKTIME & FLASH) - Glenn Research Center, NASA Multimedia Aeronautics Courses, Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Applets, Animations, Simulations, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Aeronautics Courses include: "...Beginner's Guide to Aerodynamics; Beginner's Guide to Propulsion; Beginner's Guide to High Speed Aerodynamics; etc..." Beginner's Guide to Aerodynamics Chapters include: "...Space Fundamentals; Math Fundamentals; Analysis; Static Gases; The Atmosphere; Airplane Parts; Speed; Aircraft Motion; Aircraft Forces; Aeronautics; Thrust; Lift; etc..." For more information see Glenn Learning Technologies Project or the Glenn Research Center AERODYNAMICS COURSES WITH CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AERODYNAMICS FOR STUDENTS - D.J. Auld & K. Srinivas, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia Multimedia Aerodynamics Course (Text, Images & Animations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Some examples of Aerodynamics Course Chapters & Sub Chapters include: Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics "...Properties of Fluids; Fluid Statics; Control Volume Analysis, Integral Methods; Potential Flow; Dimensional Analysis; Introduction to Boundary Layers, etc..." Aerodynamics "...Properties of the Atmosphere; Flow Visualisation; Joukowski Flow Mapping & Aerofoils; 2-D Panel Method Solutions; Lifting Line Theory (3-D Wings); etc..." Gasdynamics "...Compressible Flow in 1, 2 and 3 Dimensions; Supersonic Flow Measurement; Simulation of Rarefied Gas Flow..." Aircraft Performance "...Aircraft Performance (Simple numerical predictions); Aircraft Performance (Exact analytical optimisation approach); Mission Performance based Optimisation..." For more information see Aerodynamics for Students Home Page or the School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering APPLIED AERODYNAMICS (QUICKTIME) - I. Kroo, Desktop Aeronautics, Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University Multimedia Aerodynamics Course (Text, Images, Calculators, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Applied Aerodynamics Chapters include: "...Introduction; Fluid Dynamics Fundamentals; Methods of Solution; Two-Dimensional Potential Flow; Airfoils: Part I; Compressibility in 2-D; Viscosity and 2-D Boundary Layers; Airfoils: Part II, Design; Three-Dimensional Potential Flow; 3-D Compressibility and Supersonics; Viscosity in 3-D; Wing Design; Configuration Aerodynamics and Tables and Appendices..." Examples of Aerodynamics Calculators include: Source and Vortex Flowfield Calculator "...Streamlines Past Sources and Vortices Calculator..." NACA Airfoil Geometry Calculator; Effect of Angle of Attack on Airfoil Pressures Calculator "...Relating Airfoil Geometry and Pressures Calculator..." Airfoil Geometry and Pressures Calculator "...Interactive Airfoil Analysis Calculator..." Wing analysis Program Calculator - Wing Analysis Calculator; Canard/Tail Trimmed Drag Calculator - Wing/Tail Analysis Calculator; etc. For more information see Applied Aerodynamics - A Digital Textbook; Educational Products; Desktop Aeronautics or the Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group ADVANCED TOPICS IN AERODYNAMICS - A. Filippone, School of Mechanical, Aerospace, Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. Multimedia Aerodynamics Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Simulations). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Advanced Topics in Aerodynamics Chapters include: "...Advanced Topics in Aerodynamics; Aerodynamic Drag; High-Lift Aerodynamics; Unsteady Aerodynamics; Low Speed Aerodynamics; High Speed Aerodynamics; Rotors Aerodynamics; etc..." For more information see Advanced Topics in Aerodynamics

AERODYNAMICS TOOLS, CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AERODYNAMICS TOOLKIT: VISUALIZED SOLID MECHANICS & VISUALIZED FLUID MECHANICS - M. van Rooij & H. Higuchi, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, L.C. Smith College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Hiroshi Higuchi's Home Page or the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Some examples from over "20" Aerodynamics Applets, Calculators & Simulations include Lift, Drag and Pitching Moment for NACA 2410 Wing Section Applet Streamlines, Pathlines and Streaklines Applet Fluid Flow Applets AERODYNAMICS TOOLKIT: FLUID DYNAMICS PARAMETERS, LOW SPEED AERODYNAMICS, SUPERSONIC FLOW - M. van Rooij & H. Higuchi, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, L.C. Smith College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Hiroshi Higuchi's Home Page or the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Some examples from over "20" Aerodynamics Calculators, Applets & Simulations include Mach Number Applet Dynamic Pressure Applet Drag Force Applet Supercomputer computation of unsteady flow past a circular cylinder Applet Visualized Solid Mechanics & Visualized Fluid Mechanics Applets ENGINEERING APPLETS - W.J. Devenport, R. Kapania, K. Rojiani & K. Singh, Departrment of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "...A project funded by the National Science Foundation..." Engineering Subject Categories with Calculators & Applets include: Fluid Dynamics "...Ideal flow machine Calculator; Virtual Shock Tube; Compressible Aerodynamics Calculator; Converging Diverging Nozzle Simulator Calculator; Thermodynamics of Air Calculator; Real Gas Shock Calculator; Boundary Layer Calculator + Convection Calculator; etc..." Statics "...Mohr's Circle Calculator; Beam Analysis Calculator; Resultant of Vectors Calculator..." Dynamics "...Motion on Curved Paths Calculator; Projectile Motion Calculator - Drag directly proportional to speed Calculator; Projectile Motion Calculator - Drag proportional to square of velocity Calculator..." For more information see W.J. Devenport's Home Page or the Departrment of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering AERODYNAMIC FLOW & COMPRESSIBLE FLOW CALCULATORS & APPLETS COMPRESSIBLE AERODYNAMICS CALCULATOR - W.J. Devenport, Departrment of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech Compressible Aerodynamics Calculator "...computes the standard relations for compressible flow of a perfect gas..." Compressible Aerodynamics Calculators include: Isentropic Flow Relations Calculator input values include: "...Perfect Gas, Gamma = , angles in degrees; Mach Number; T/TO; p/pO; rho/rhoO; A/A* (sub); Mach Angle in Degrees; P-M Angle in Degrees; etc..." Normal Shock Relations Calculator; Oblique Shock Relations Calculator. For more information see Engineering Applets or W.J. Devenport's Home Page COMPRESSIBLE FLOW CALCULATORS - Aerospaceweb.org VERY EXTENSIVE. Compressible Flow Calculators include: Isentropic Flow Relations Calculator; Normal Shock Relations Calculator; Oblique Shock Relations Calculator For more information see Aerospace Calculators; Aerospace Design or Aerospaceweb.org COMPRESSIBLE FLOW CALCULATORS (JAVA APPLETS) - C. Wassgren, C.M. Krousgrill & P. Carmody, Fluid Mechanics and Propulsion Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University VERY EXTENSIVE. Compressible Flow Calculators include: Isentropic Flow Calculator; Fanno Flow Calculator; Rayleigh Flow Calculator; Normal Shock Relations Calculator; Oblique Shock Relations Calculator; Expansion Fan Calculator; etc. For more information see the Applets; Carl Wassgren's Home Page; Fluid Mechanics and Propulsion Group; School of Mechanical Engineering or the College of Engineering Some examples of Compressible Flow Calculators include Rayleigh Flow Calculator Rayleigh Flow Calculator "...assumes 1D, steady, constant area, frictionless flow of a perfect gas with heat transfer..." Isentropic Flow Calculator Isentropic Flow Calculator "...assumes 1D, steady, isentropic flow of a perfect gas..." Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Fan Calculator THE IDEAL FLOW MACHINE (JAVA APPLET) - W.J. Devenport, Departrment of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Ideal Flow Machine Calculator "...is designed for students learning elementary ideal flow. The term 'Ideal flow' describes the way in which a fluid (liquid or gas) moves when the effects of compressibility and viscosity are negligible..." Ideal Flow Machine Calculator input values include: "...Free Stream, Source, Vortex, Doublet, Source Panel, Vortex Panel, etc.; Strength; Angle; Mappig Window (elementary conformal mapping techniques); etc..." For more information see Advanced Aero/Hydrodynamics; Engineering Applets or W.J. Devenport's Home Page BOUNDARY LAYER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CONVECTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BOUNDARY LAYER APPLETS - W.J. Devenport, Departrment of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, sVirginia Tech VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Boundary Layer Calculators "...The goal has been to keep the formulation, logic and programming as simple as possible so that the student can easily grasp the flow of the calculations..." Some examples from over "6" Boundary Layer Calculators include: ILBLI: "...Computes Incompressible Laminar Boundary Layers by an implicit Numerical Method..." ITBL: "...Computes Incompressible Turbulent Boundary Layers by an implicit Mnumerical Method..." WALZ: "...Computes Incompressible Laminar Boundary Layers using the Thwaites-Walz Integral Method..." MOSESHT: "...Computes Incompressible Turbulent Boundary Layers using Moses' Method extended to include Heat Transfer..." For more information see Engineering Applets; Advanced Aero/Hydrodynamics or W.J. Devenport's Home Page

GASDYNAMICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAS DYNAMICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAS DYNAMICS CALCULATOR - R. Bonazza, Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Dynamics Calculators include: Gas Dynamics Calculator INPUT values include: Select a Diven Gas "...Helium, Air, Argon, Neon, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Xenon, Sulfur Hexafluoride..." Mach Number; Pa; Initital Pressure; Driven Section; K; Initial Temperature, Driven Section; Select a Driver Gas "...Helium, Air, Argon, Neon, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Xenon, Sulfur Hexafluoride..." K; Initial Temperature; Driver Section. Gas Dynamics Calculator OUTPUT values include: For State 1, 2, 4 or 5 "...Pressure, Temperature, Density, Sound of Speed, & Velocity..." MW; Specific Heat Ratio; Initial Wave Speed; Reflected Wave Speed; etc..." Gas Dynamics TIMING ISSUES Calculator INPUT values include: "...Distance Between Pressure Transducers; Time Between Pressure Transducers; Distance Between Trigger Transducer and Window Centerline; etc..." Gas Dynamics TIMING ISSUES Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Actual Mach Number; Estimated Delay Time for Shock; Estimated Delay Time for Membrane; etc..." Gas Dynamics BOOST TANK Calculator INPUT values include: "...Volume of the Driver; Volume of the Boost Tank; Diaphragm Rupture Pressure; etc..." Gas Dynamics BOOST TANK Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Pre-boost Driver Pressure; Post-boost Driver Pressure; etc..." For more information see the Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory; Riccardo Bonazza's Home Page; Research Centers and Facilities; Department of Engineering Physics or the College of Engineering GAS DYNAMICS CALCULATORS - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Dynamics Calculators include: "...Isentropic Flow Calculator; Normal Shock Calculator; Rayleigh Flow Calculator; Fanno Flow Calculator..." For more information see Fluid Mechanics Laboratory or the College of Engineering GAS DYNAMICS - S. Bhattacharjee, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, San Diego State University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Dynamics Calculator "...not only provides standard isentropic smart table but also normal shock table, oblique shock table and expansion wave table all in one..." For more information see Thermodynamics Software - TEST-Map - The TEST Tree; Utility Applets; The Expert System for Thermodynamics or the Department of Mechanical Engineering GAS DYNAMICS TOOLBOX APPLET (CALCULATOR & GRAPH) - A. Alexeenko, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Dynamics Calculator is "...used to calculate the normal shock wave parameters and microscopic and macroscopic parameters..." Gas Dynamics Calculator includes Normal Shock Calculator & Flow Regime Calculator: Normal Shock Gas Dynamics Calculator input values includes: "...Number of Species; Species (H2O; CO2; N2; O2; etc.); Mole Fraction..." Normal Shock Gas Dynamics Calculator output values includes: "...Upstream Conditions & Downstream Conditions..." For more information see Alina Alexeenko's Home Page or Alina Alexeenko's Home Page at Purdue SHOCKWAVE CALCULATOR APPLET - W.J. Devenport, Departrment of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Shockwave Calculator Calculator "...calculates the property variations across a normal or oblique shockwave under two sets of assumptions. The first choice is the standard assumption of a calorically (and thermally) perfect gas..." "...The second option is for standard equilibrium air at densities from 1,000 amagats to 1e-7 amagats and temperatures up to 25,000 K., etc..." For more information see Engineering Applets; Advanced Aero/Hydrodynamics or W.J. Devenport's Home Page SHOCK TUBE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAS DYNAMICS CALCULATOR - R. Bonazza, Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Dynamics Calculators include: Gas Dynamics Calculator INPUT values include: Select a Diven Gas "...Helium, Air, Argon, Neon, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Xenon, Sulfur Hexafluoride..." Mach Number; Pa; Initital Pressure; Driven Section; K; Initial Temperature, Driven Section; Select a Driver Gas "...Helium, Air, Argon, Neon, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Xenon, Sulfur Hexafluoride..." K; Initial Temperature; Driver Section. Gas Dynamics Calculator OUTPUT values include: For State 1, 2, 4 or 5 "...Pressure, Temperature, Density, Sound of Speed, & Velocity..." MW; Specific Heat Ratio; Initial Wave Speed; Reflected Wave Speed; etc..." Gas Dynamics TIMING ISSUES Calculator INPUT values include: "...Distance Between Pressure Transducers; Time Between Pressure Transducers; Distance Between Trigger Transducer and Window Centerline; etc..." Gas Dynamics TIMING ISSUES Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Actual Mach Number; Estimated Delay Time for Shock; Estimated Delay Time for Membrane; etc..." Gas Dynamics BOOST TANK Calculator INPUT values include: "...Volume of the Driver; Volume of the Boost Tank; Diaphragm Rupture Pressure; etc..." Gas Dynamics BOOST TANK Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Pre-boost Driver Pressure; Post-boost Driver Pressure; etc..." For more information see the Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory; Riccardo Bonazza's Home Page; Research Centers and Facilities; Department of Engineering Physics or the College of Engineering VIRTUAL SHOCK TUBE CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - W.J. Devenport, Departrment of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech Shock Tube Calculator visualizes shock tube flows. For more information see Engineering Applets; W.J. Devenport's Home Page or the Departrment of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering

SPEED OF SOUND CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MACH NUMBER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MACH & SPEED OF SOUND CALCULATOR - Glenn Research Center, NASA Mach Number "...The ratio of the speed of the aircraft to the speed of sound in the gas determines the magnitude of many of the compressibility effects. Because of the importance of this speed ratio, aerodynamicists have designated it with a special parameter called the Mach number..." Mach Calculator & Speed of Sound Calculator input values include: "...Units (Imperial or Metric); Altitude; Speed..." For more information see Beginner's Guide to Aeronautics; Glenn Learning Technologies Project or the Glenn Research Center MACH NUMBER CALCULATOR - Authors: M. van Rooij & H. Higuchi, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Manufacturing Engineering (MAME), L.C. Smith College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University Mach Number Calculator input values include: "...Temperature; Speed of Sound; Flow/Vehicle Speed..." For more information see Fluid Dynamics or For more information see SimScience THERMODYNAMICS PROPERTIES OF AIR CALCULATORS & APPLETS EQAIR APPLET (THERMODYNAMICS OF AIR) - W.J. Devenport, Departrment of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech VERY EXTENSIVE. Thermodynamic Properties of Air Calculator "...calculates the thermodynamic properties of air given the pressure and entropy, pressure and density, specific energy and density, entropy and enthalpy..." For more information see Engineering Applets or W.J. Devenport's Home Page VISCOUS CFD CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS VISCOUS GRID SPACING CALCULATOR - W.T. (Bill) Jones, Geometry Laboratory (GEOLAB), Langley Research Center, NASA VERY EXTENSIVE. Viscous Grid Spacing Calculator "...provides a worksheet for estimating the normal spacing to be used in a viscous CFD grid. Estimates are for a turbulent flat plate in free air and are based on the Sutherland formula for viscosity..." Viscous Grid Spacing Calculators include Reynolds Number, Mach Number and Desired y+ Value Calculator "...will estimate the spacing normal to a solid surface required to yield 1 grid point in the laminar sublayer..." Mach Number, Dynamic Pressure, and Desired y+ Value Calculator "...will estimate the spacing normal to a solid surface required to yield 1 grid point in the laminar sublayer..." For more information see Geometry Laboratory (GEOLAB) or Langley Research Center

Aeronautics and Astronautics AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS ENGINEERING COURSES WITH CALCULATORS, APPLETS, SIMULATIONS SPREADSHEETS, VIDEOS/MOVIES & AUDIO/SOUND AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS ENGINEERING (QUICKTIME) - Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering Courses (Text, Images, Spreadsheets, Calculators, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE For more information see MIT OpenCourseWare or the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Some examples from over "20" Aeronautics and Astronautics "UNDERGRADUATE" Courses include: Principles of Automatic Control Principles of Automatic Control Lectures include: "...Control System Analysis and Design; Disturbances and Sensitivity; S-Plane, Poles and Zeroes; Transient Response and Stability; State Space Modeling; Solutions of State Space Differential Equations; etc..." Dynamics Dynamics Lectures include: "...Intrinsic Coordinates; Work and Energy; Conservative Forces; Relative Motion Rotating/Translating Axes; Accelerometers; etc..." Aerodynamics Aerodynamics Lectures include: "...Kinematics of a Fluid Element; Stress-Strain Relationship for a Newtonian Fluid; Compressible Viscous Equations; Equations of Aircraft Motion; Aerodynamic Center; Kutta Condition; Kutta Condition Solution; Force Calculations for Lifting Line; Trefftz Plane Analysis of Induced Drag; Solutions of the Laminar Boundary Layer Equations; Ground Effect Using Single Vortex Model; Subsonic Small Disturbance Potential Flow; Derivation of Sound Wave Properties; etc..." Aerospace Dynamics Aerospace Dynamics Lectures include: "...Momentum, Angular Momentum, and Dynamics of a System of Particles; Friction in Lagrange's Equations; Gyroscopes; Aircraft Dynamics; etc..." Some examples from over "20" Aeronautics and Astronautics "GRADUATE" Courses include: Aerodynamics of Viscous Fluids Aerodynamics of Viscous Fluids Lectures include: "...Physical Principles; Conservation Laws; Thin Shear Layer Approximation; Solution Techniques; Interacting Boundary Layer Theory; Stability and Transition; etc..." Aircraft Stability and Control Aircraft Stability and Controls Lectures include: "...Static Stability; Wing/Tail Contributions; Euler Angles; Aircraft Dynamics; Aircraft Dynamics; Aircraft Lateral Dynamics; Spiral, Roll, and Dutch Roll Modes; Aircraft Lateral Autopilots; Equations of Motion in a Nonuniform Atmosphere..." Aircraft Flight Dynamics AIRCRAFT FLIGHT DYNAMICS COURSES WITH ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIRCRAFT FLIGHT DYNAMICS - R.F. Stengel, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University Multimedia Aircraft Flight Dynamics Course with Lectures & Cases Studies (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Aircraft Flight Dynamics is "...designed to introduce students to the performance, stability, and control of aircraft ranging from micro-uninhabited air vehicles through general aviation, jet transport, and fighter aircraft to Mars planes and re-entry vehicles. Particular attention is given to mathematical models and techniques for analysis, simulation, and evaluation of flying qualities..." Aircraft Flight Dynamics Lectures include: "...Particle Dynamics and Kinematics of Rotation; Aircraft Motions; Linear Dynamic Models; Transforms and Transfer Functions; Fourth-Order Longitudinal Equations of Motion; etc... Aircraft Flight Dynamics Case Studies Lectures include: "...Analysis of Flying Qualities; Design for Control; Power Effects on Stability and Control; Human-Powered and Ultralight Aircraft; Aircraft Maneuverability and Agility; Naval Aviation; etc... Aircraft Flight Dynamics (MAE 331) Home Page; Robert F. Stengel's Home Page or the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Aircraft Design BASIC AIRCRAFT DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BASIC AIRCRAFT DESIGN CALCULATORS - D.S. Eberhardt, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington Basic Aircraft Design Calculators include: Design Tools "...Weight Estimator Calculator; Wing Area Calculator; Drag Coefficient Estimator Calculator..." Lift Tools "...Downwash Calculator; Lift Coefficient Calculator; Lift Slope Calculator..." For more information see AA 101 - Air & Space Vehicles or the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Some examples of Basic Aircraft Design Calculators include Preliminary Design Weight Estimation Calculator Preliminary Design Weight Estimation Calculator input values include: "...Range; Speed; Number of Passengers; Number of Crew; Pounds of Cargo; Airline Type (Large Transport; Commuter; Trainer; General Aviation; etc.); Propulsion Type..." Lift Coefficient Calculator Lift Coefficient Calculator input values include: "...Aircraft Weight; Cruise Altitude; Cruise Speed; etc..." INTERMEDIATE & ADANCED AIRCRAFT DESIGN CALCULATORS & APPLETS AIRCRAFT DESIGN: SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS (JAVA APPLETS) - Ilan Kroo, Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University Multimedia Aircraft Design Course with Calculators (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Aircraft Design "...addresses the system perspective in aircraft design. A fundamental understanding of each of the participating disciplines is provided, but emphasis is placed on the interactions between different disciplines resulting from changes in any portion of the design..." Examples of Aircraft Design Course Chapters & Sub Chapters include: Design Process "...Market; Design Requirements; etc...." Fuselage Layout "...Cross Section Design; Fuselage Shape; FARs Related to Fuselage Design; etc. Drag "...Parasite Drag; Skin Function Coefficient; Form Factor; Wetted Area; Induced Drag; Compressibility Drag; etc..." Airfoils "...Cp & Performance; Cp and Curvature; Airfoil Design; etc..." Wing Design "...Wing Geometry; Wing Design Parameters; Lift Distribution & Performance; Nonplanar Wings and Winglets; etc.); High-Lift Systems "...Estimation CLmax; CLmax for SSTs; etc..." Stability and Control "...Static Longitudinal Stability; Dynamic Stability; Lateral Control; etc..." Propulsion "...Engine Placement; Nacelle Design; Thrust vs. Speed and Altitude; etc..." Structure & Weights "...Structural Loads; Design Airspeed and Placards; V-n Diagrams; Structural Design; Weight Estimations; etc..."; etc. For more information see Aircraft Design: Synthesis and Analysis - AA 241A,B; Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group or the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Some examples from over "40" Aircraft Design Calculators include Drag: Supersonic Wing Drag Calculation Supersonic Wing Drag Calculator input values include: "...Mach Number; CL; AR;, ARlength; etc..." Wing Design: Wing Lift Distribution Calculator Wing Lift Distribution Calculator input values include: "...Wing Area; Aspect Ratio; Sweep; Taper; L.E. Extension; T.E. Extension; Root Incidence; etc..." APPLIED AERODYNAMICS (QUICKTIME) - I. Kroo, Desktop Aeronautics, Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University Multimedia Aerodynamics Course (Text, Images, Calculators, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Applied Aerodynamics Chapters include: "...Introduction; Fluid Dynamics Fundamentals; Methods of Solution; Two-Dimensional Potential Flow; Airfoils: Part I; Compressibility in 2-D; Viscosity and 2-D Boundary Layers; Airfoils: Part II, Design; Three-Dimensional Potential Flow; 3-D Compressibility and Supersonics; Viscosity in 3-D; Wing Design; Configuration Aerodynamics and Tables and Appendices..." Examples of Aerodynamics Calculators include: Source and Vortex Flowfield Calculator "...Streamlines Past Sources and Vortices Calculator..." NACA Airfoil Geometry Calculator; Effect of Angle of Attack on Airfoil Pressures Calculator "...Relating Airfoil Geometry and Pressures Calculator..." Airfoil Geometry and Pressures Calculator "...Interactive Airfoil Analysis Calculator..." Wing analysis Program Calculator - Wing Analysis Calculator; Canard/Tail Trimmed Drag Calculator - Wing/Tail Analysis Calculator; etc. For more information see Applied Aerodynamics - A Digital Textbook; Educational Products; Desktop Aeronautics or the Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group AIRCRAFT DESIGN SOFTWARE AVL: AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS, TRIM CALCULATION, DYNAMIC STABILITY ANALYSIS, AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION DEVELOPMENT - Authors: M. Drela & H. Youngren, Aerospace Computational Design Laboratory, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Aerodynamic Analysis Software. Examples of Aerodynamic Analysis Software include: Extended Vortex-Lattice Model "...Aerodynamic Components; Singularities; Discretization; Control Deflections; General Freestream Description; Aerodynamic outputs..." Trim Calculation; Mass Properties; Eigenmode Analysis; etc..." For more information see Mark Drela's Home Page; Aerospace Computational Design Laboratory or the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics AIRCRAFT DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIRCRAFT DESIGN FOR THE X-43A X-43A HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFT (HYPER-X - SCRAMJET) - Dryden Flight Research Center, NASA Multimedia Aircraft Design Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Graphics & Videos/Movies). For more information see Dryden Aircraft Photo Collection; Dryden Gallery or Dryden Flight Research Center

AIRCRAFT DESIGN COSTS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ADVANCED MISSIONS COST CALCULATOR - Cost Estimating and Assessment Office, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, NASA, Houston, Texas VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Advanced Missions Cost Model (AMCM) "...provides a useful method for quick turnaround, rough-order-of-magnitude estimating..." Advanced Missions Cost Calculator includes: Spacecraft "...Planetary Lander; Planetary; Manned Reentry; Communication, Weather; Physics & Astronomy; Earth Observation; Lunar Rover; etc..." Space Transport "...Unmanned Reentry; Launch Vehicle Stage; Upper Stage; Liquid Rocket Engine - Lox/Lh; Liquid Rocket Engine - Lox/RP-1; Payload Fairing; Centaur Fairing; etc..." Aircraft "...Attack; Bomber; Fighter; Fw-Transport; Patrol, Recon; Rotary Attack; Rotary Transport/Utility; Trainer; Commercial; etc..." Missile "...Air-Air; Air-Orbit; Air-Surface; Anti-Tank; ICBM; Surface-Air; Ship-Air; Surf-Surf Land Mobile; Surf-Surf Other; ICBM (Sub Launced); Rocket..." Ship "...Aircraft Carrier; Amphib Assault; Cruiser; Destroyer; Submarine; etc..." Land Vehicle "...Artillery; Automobile; Tank; Truck; APC; etc..." Examples of related Mission Cost Model Calculators include: "...Advanced Missions Cost Model Calculator; Aircraft Turbine Engine Cost Model Calculator; Airframe Cost Model Calculator; COCOMO Software Cost Model Calculator; Cost Estimating Guidelines; Cost Spreading Calculator; DSN Cost Estimating Cost Model Calculator; Mission Operations Cost Model Calculator; Space Operations Cost Model Calculator; etc..." For more information see Online Cost Models or the Cost Estimating and Assessment Office Some examples of related Mission Cost Model Calculators include: Aircraft Turbine Engine Cost Calculator Aircraft Turbine Engine Cost Calculator "...uses equations for estimating development and production costs and time of arrival for U.S. military turbojet and turbofan engines..." Aircraft Turbine Engine Cost Calculator input values include: "...Maximum Rated Thrust; Maximum Mach Number; Engine Dry Weight; Specific Fuel Consumption; Military Thrust; Sea-Level Static; etc..." Airframe Cost Calculator Airframe Cost Calculator "...was derived from a database consisting of 13 military aircraft with first flight dates ranging from 1960 to 1978: A-6, A-7, A-10, C-5, C-141, F-4, F-14, F-15, F-16, F-18, F-111, S-3A, and T-39. Empty weights for the sample aircraft range from under 10,000 lb. to over 300,000 lb., while speeds range from 400 kn. to over 1,300 kn..." Airframe Cost Calculator input values include "...Aircraft Type; Aircraft Empty Weight; Maximum Speed; etc..."

Airfoil, Flaps & Wing Analysis & Design AIRFOIL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ARIFOIL DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ARIFOIL ANALYSIS & COMPARISON CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS THE EVOLUTION OF THE AEROFOIL (SHOCKWAVE) - S.Foster and B.Whalley, Knowledge Media Institute [KMI], Open University, U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Evolution of the Aerofoil "...The Wright Brothers followed Cayley and Lilienthal in realizing that if they were to fly they would have to carry out controlled scientific experiments to design the lifting surfaces..." AIRFOIL APPLET: HESS-SMITH PANEL METHOD - M. van Rooij & H. Higuchi, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, L.C. Smith College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University Airfoil Calculator (Hess-Smith Panel Method) input values include: "...Lift Coefficient; Drag Coefficient; Moment Coefficient..." For more information see Fluid Flow; Hiroshi Higuchi's Home Page or the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering FOILSIM II (JAVA APPLET) - Glenn Research Center, NASA VERY EXTENSIVE. FoilSim II allows you to "...investigate how an aircraft wing produces lift by changing the values of different factors that affect lift..." Airfoil Calculator input values include: "...Ideal Flow or Stall Model; Units (Imperial or Metric); Flight Test, Shape, Angle; Speed; Altitude; Pressure; Temperature; Density; etc..." For more information see Beginner's Guide to Aeronautics; Glenn Learning Technologies Project or the Glenn Research Center FOILSIMU (JAVA APPLET) - Glenn Research Center, NASA VERY EXTENSIVE. "...This is a special, undergraduate, on-line version of the FoilSim Java applet..." Airfoil Calculator input values include: "...Ideal Flow or Stall Model; Units (Imperial or Metric); Flight Test, Shape, Angle; Speed; Altitude; Pressure; Temperature; Density; etc..." For more information see Beginner's Guide to Aeronautics; Glenn Learning Technologies Project or the Glenn Research Center NACA 4 & 5 DIGITS SERIES: GENERATE AIRFOILS ONLINE - J. Trapp & R. Zores, Germany VERY EXTENSIVE. Airfoil Calculator (NACA 4 Digit Series) input values include: "...Maximum Camber; Maximum Camber Position; Thickness; Number Points; Point Distribution; Point Size; etc..." For more information see Jens Trapp's Java Page; Programming or Jens Trapp's Home Page VORTEX PANEL METHOD - W.J. Devenport, Departrment of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech VERY EXTENSIVE. The Vortex Panel Method Calculator "...is a computational tool for students studying the aerodynamics of airfoil sections. The vortex-panel method is a method for computing ideal flows - flows in which the effects of compressibility..." For more information see Engineering Applets; Advanced Aero/Hydrodynamics or W.J. Devenport's Home Page AIRFOIL SOFTWARE XFOIL: SUBSONIC AIRFOIL DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM - Authors: M. Drela & H. Youngren, Aerospace Computational Design Laboratory, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. XFoil: Subsonic Airfoil Development System Calculator is "...an interactive program for the design and analysis of subsonic isolated airfoils. It consists of a collection of menu-driven routines which perform various useful functions such as: Viscous (or inviscid) analysis of an existing airfoil; Airfoil design and redesign by interactive modification of surface speed distributions; Airfoil redesign by interactive modification of geometric parameters; Blending of airfoils; etc..." For more information see Mark Drela's Home Page; Aerospace Computational Design Laboratory or the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics

AIRPLANE WING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIRPLANE WING ANALYSIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIRPLANE WING LIFT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS Wing Analysis Calculators & Applets SUPERSONIC WING (JAVA APPLET) - E. Kudriavitski VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Supersonic Wing Calculator "...explores quasi two-dimensional calculation of the supersonic flow over a wedge-shaped infinity-span wing..." Supersonic Wing Calculator (Wing Analysis Applet) input values include: Data Type (Flight, Blow); Angle Unit (Radian, Degree); Operating Ambient "...Mach Number; Specific Heat Ratio; Static Pressure; Angle of Attack..." Airloil Geometry "...Double Wedge; Chord; Angle; Relative Length; etc..." For more information see Evgeni Kudriavitski's Home Page WING ANALYSIS TOOL: PLANFORM-ANALYSIS (JAVA APPLET) - G. Ciurpita VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Wing Analysis Calculator includes: "...Analysis of Multisection Wings, Providing: Mean Aerodynamic Chord calculation; Shear and Bending-monen calculation; Lift Distribution (i.e. Lift-Roll); Lift/Drag Specific to an Airfoil (UIUC database)..." Wing Analysis Calculator input values include: Structure "...Draw; MAC; Shear; Bend; Panels..." Lift-Distribution "...Alpha; Lift; Cl; Cd; Cl & Cd; Drag; Reynolds; etc..." Airfoils "...Polars; L/D; Polars L/D..." For more information see Articles or the Central Jersey Radio Control Club WING ANALYSIS (JAVA APPLET) - Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Wing Analysis Calculator "...computes the lift and Cl distribution over a wing with sweep and twist..." For more information see Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University Wing Area Calculators & Applets WING AREA CALCULATOR - D.S. Eberhardt, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington Wing Area Calculator input values include: Trailing Edge Devices "...Hinged Flaps, Slotted Flaps, Double Slotted Flaps, No Flaps..." Leading Edge Device "...Leading Edge Slats, No Leading Edge Devices..." Aircraft Weight; Airport Altitude; Landing Speed; etc. For more information see Tools; AA 101 - Air & Space Vehicles or the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics AIRCRAFT FLAPS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIRCRAFT MANEUVERALBILITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIRCRAFT MANEUVERALBILITY: FLAPS - eSMART, Department of Mechanical Engineering & the Department of Computer Science, Univerisity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. Movies & Calculators are available at bottom of Page. Aircraft Maneuverability "...depends heavily on the movement of flaps found at the rear or trailing edge of the wings. The efficiency and reliability of operating these flaps is of critical importance..." For more information see Shape Memory Alloys or Educational Software for Micromachines And Related Technologies (eSMART) Air Transport Logistics AIR TRANSPORT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIR TRANSPORT LOGISTICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIR TRANSPORT LOGISTICS FOR MILITARY TROOP AND CARGO MOVEMENT AIR DISTANCE CALCULATOR - Langings VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Air Distance Calculator "...this form allows you to determine the distance between any two airports in our database that have coordinates. It can produce a map of the flight route and returns a link to enroute weather information. Just enter the airport identifiers in the two fields below. If you specify your airspeed, it will also calculate flight times. The map will include airports that are close to the route in fairly evenly spaced segments..." For more information see Langings Atmosphere Computations ATMOSPHERE CALCULATORS & APPLETS RELATED CENTERS FOR ATMOSPHERE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS, SIMULATIONS & VIDEOS/MOVIES SEE WEATHER, METEOROLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY: ATMOSPHERE CALCULATORS & APPLETS

Composites & Structures

Composites & Materials Databases & Courses Composite Materials Tools Laminate Theory, Fibre Reinforced Composites, Rigorous Bonds for Composites, Structural Mechanics Diffraction ~ Composite Materials Process Simulations & Analysis

Composites & Structures Calculators & Applets COMPOSITES & MATERIALS DATABASES & COURSES WITH CALCULATORS Materials Databases (Some examples from over 100 Databases) FOR MORE COMPOSITES DATABASES & COURSES SEE THE MATERIALS CENTER MATERIALS ALGORITHMS PROJECT - T. Sourmail & M. Peet, Materials Algorithms Project (MAP), Phase Transformations & Complex Properties Research Group, University of Cambridge, U.K. Multimedia Materials Teaching Modules, Calculators, etc. (Text, Images & Videos/Movies) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Materials Teaching Modules & Movies Subject Categories include: "...Superalloys; Titanium; Bainite; Martensite; Cast Iron; Allotriomorphic ferrite; Stainless Steels; etc..." Materials Modelling Calculations: Map-Online "...you can make predictions for the mechanical properties of a variety of alloys, by entering their composition and heat-treatment details. This includes online calculations of yield strength for ferritic and austenitic steels, nickel base superalloys, weld metal, etc. Other properties include creep strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, toughness..." For more information see the Materials Algorithms Project (MAP) or the Phase Transformations & Complex Properties Research Group STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS - Materials Science & Engineering Laboratories, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia NIST Standard Reference Materials Database (Text & Images). NIST Standard Reference Materials Database "...supplies industry, academia, government, and other users with over 1300 reference materials of the highest quality and metrological value..." NIST Standard Reference Materials Database includes: "...SRMs, Certificates, and Material Safety Data Sheets..." For more information see the Materials Science & Engineering Laboratories; NIST Online Databases; NIST Online Scientific Databases or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Mechanics in Solids Courses with Calculators & Applets ADVANCED MECHANICS IN SOLIDS: EN175 - Author: A.F. Bower, Mechanics of Solids and Structures, Division of Engineering, Brown University Multimedia Advanced Mechanics in Solids Lecture Notes (Text, Images & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. "...an advanced undergraduate level course on the mechanics of solids..." Advanced Mechanics in Solids Lecture Notes include: "...Introduction to FEM; Stress in a Solid; Strain in a Solid; Mechanical Behaviors of a Solid; Boundary Value Problems in Linear Elasticity; BVPs & Variational Methods in Elasticity; Variational Methods in Elasticity; Boundary Value Problems in Plasticity..." For more information see EN175: Advanced Mechanics of Solids Home Page; Allan F. Bower's Home Page; Courses or the Division of Engineering ADVANCED MECHANICS IN SOLIDS II: EN222 - Author: A.F. Bower, Mechanics of Solids and Structures, Division of Engineering, Brown University Multimedia Advanced Mechanics in Solids Course (Text, Images & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Advanced Mechanics in Solids II is a "...second of a two-semester sequence of graduate-level courses on continuum mechanics..." Advanced Mechanics in Solids Chapters include: Basic Principles "...Kinematics & Kinetics..." Constitutive Laws "...Linear Elasticity; Metal Plasticity; Nonlinear elasticity; Viscoelasticity..." Finite element solution of boundary and initial value problems "...Static linear elasticity; Dynamic linear elasticity; Small strain hypoelasticity; Finite strain elasticity; etc..." Analytical Techniques and Fundamental Principles in Linear Elasticity "...Alternative representations for 3D elastic governing equations; Fourier Transform solutions to 3D elastostatics; Fundamental Principles in linear elasticity: superposition; uniqueness; Saint Venants principle; etc..." Analytical Techniques and Fundamental Principles in Plasticity "...Slip-line fields; Limit Analysis; etc.; etc..." For more information see EN222: Advanced Mechanics of Solids II Home Page; Allan F. Bower's Home Page; Courses or the Division of Engineering Fracture Mechanics Courses with Calculators & Applets FRACTURE MECHANICS - M.N. James, Structural Integrity Research Group, School of Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Plymouth, U.K. Multimedia Fracture Mechanics Course (Text, Images, Calculators & Applets). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Fracture Mechanics "...is the field of solid mechanics that deals with the behaviour of cracked bodies subjected to stresses and strains. These can arise from primary applied loads or secondary self-equilibrating stress fields (e.g. residual stresses)...." For more information see M. Neil James' Home Page or the School of Engineering Examples of Fracture Mechanics Chapters include Fracture Mechanics Fracture Mechanics includes: Griffith Equation; Stress Intensity Factor and Fracture Toughness Testing; Fatigue Life Prediction; Stress Corrosion Cracking; Theory "...Energetics of Fracture; Crack Tip Stresses and the Origin of K; Fracture Toughness Testing; Crack Tip Plasticity; Leak-Before-Break; Triangle of Integrity; etc..." Fracture Analysis Fracture Analysis includes: "...Wire Rope Failure; Undercarriage Leg Failure; Aircraft Towbar Failure; Hail Damage; Insulator Caps; Fractography: Fatigue - Macrofeatures; Fracture - Macrofeatures; Fracture - Microfeatures (Cleavage, MVC); Fracture - Microfeatures (IG); etc..." Failure as a Design Criterion Failure as a Design Criterion includes: "...Structural Failures; Human System Interaction Failures; Failure of Design Management..." Structural Mechanics Calculators & Applets STRUCTURAL MECHANICS CALCULATORS (WEBMATHEMATICA) - Materials Sciences Corporation VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Structural Mechanics Calculators include: Stress and Strain Calculators include: "...Transformation of Stress Calculator; Transformation of Strain Calculator; Mohr's Circle for Stress Calculator; Mohr's Circle for Strain Calculator;..." Lamination Theory Calculators include: "...A, B, and D Matrices Calculator; Effective 2D Properties Calculator; Carpet Plots Calculator; Thermal Expansion Coefficients Calculator; Effective Transverse Shear Stiffness Calculator; Layer Stress and Strain Calculator; Failure Envelopes for First Ply Failure Calculator;..." Joints Calculators Sandwich Plate Analysis Calculators Critical Flaw Calculators For more information see Structural Mechanics Calculators Introduction or the Materials Sciences Corporation

COMPOSITE MATERIAL TOOLS: CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS Fibre Reinforced Composites Calculators & Applets FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES (JAVA APPLET) - A. Chateauminois, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, France In English & French/Français. VERY EXTENSIVE. Fibre Reinforced Composites Applet stimulates "...such stress transfer mechanisms in simplified mode lconfigurations and to show their effects upon the macroscopic stress/strain behaviour of the material..." Fibre Reinforced Composites Calculator input values include: Select a Fiber/Matrix Combination "...Polymer Matrix: Glass/Epoxy, Carbon/Epoxy or Boron/Epoxy; Metal Matrix: SIC/Al, SiC/Ti or W/Cu; Cermaic Matirx: SiC(Nicalo)SiC)..." Select a Stress Transfert Model "...Shear Lag; Slip/Plasticity; Mixed Model;..." For more information see Fiber Reinforced Composites Home Page; Micro-Indentation Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites or Antoine Chateauminois' Home Page MATERIAUX COMPOSITES A RENFORT FIBREUX (JAVA APPLET) - A. Chateauminois, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie, France In English & French/Français. VERY EXTENSIVE. Materiaux Composites a Renfort Fibreux "...simulates the micro-indentation test according to the shear-lag model.The user has to select a fibre of diameter 2r with a characteristic interface debonding stress td and the stiffness k of the system..." For more information see Materiaux Composites Home Page or Antoine Chateauminois' Home Page Rigorous Bonds for Composites Calculators & Applets RIGOROUS BOUNDS FOR THE EFFECTIVE PERMITTIVITY OF A COMPOSITE OF TWO DIELECTRICS - - B. Michel, Scientific Consulting, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Rigorous Bounds for the Effective Permittivity of a Composite of Two Isotropic Dielectrics "...Consider a particulate composite consisting of two isotropic dielectric media with complex relative permittivities eps_a and eps_b, respectively. Under certain conditions the composite can be homogenized, i.e., replaced by a homogeneous..." Rigorous Bounds for the Effective Permittivity of a Composite of Two Isotropic Dielectrics Calculator input values include: "...Enter the complex relative permittivities eps_a and eps_b of material a and b, respectively. The imaginary parts of the permittivities must be non-negative...Enter the filling factor f_b of medium b..." For more information see Optics Online or Bernhard Michel - Light scattering, Analysis of Optical Systems

DIFFRACTION CALCULATORS & APPLETS AN INTERACTIVE COURSE ON SYMMETRY AND ANALYSIS OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE BY DIFFRACTION (JAVA APPLETS) - W. Hardaker & G. Chapuis, Laboratoire de Cristallographie, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland Multimedia Crystal Structure by Diffraction Course (Text, Images & Applets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Laboratoire de Cristallographie Some examples from over "7" Crystal Structure by Diffraction Calculators include Fourier Transform Fourier Transform Calculator "...calculates the Fourier transform of a two dimensional density function rho(x) yielding the complex magnitude G(S). The applet is also able to calculate the inverse Fourier transform of G(S)..." Fourier Transform Calculator input values include: Cell Parameters "...Periodicity; a; b; Alpha..." Mask "...Circular or Rectangular; Width; Height; Angle..." Draw (Size); Transform; etc..." ReciprOgraph Calculator (Java3D) ReciprOgraph Calculator "...calculates the intensities of any substance diffracted by x-rays. The structure to be studied can be selected from the ICSD (Inorganic Crystal Structure Database) or can be read from a CIF file..." DiffractOgraph (Java3D) DiffractOgraph Applet "...simulates any type of diffraction pattern based on the Ewald sphere and the reciprocal lattice..." "...Once the lattice constants of the diffracting crystal and the number of possible reciprocal vectors are selected, the applet, can simulate various diffraction patterns..." Escher Web Sketch Escher Web Sketch Calculator "...allows you to draw repeating patterns. You can select the symmetry of the patterns by clicking on one of the icons in the bar above the drawing area..." DIFFRACTION - Materials Teaching Educational Resources (MATTER) Project, Material Science & Engineering, Department of Engineering, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Introduction to Diffraction Course (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Videos/Movies). Diffraction Course Chapters & Subchapters include: Introduction to Diffraction Geometry of Diffraction "...Superposition of Waves; Braggs Law; Planes in Crystals; The Reciprocal Lattice; 2-D Reciprocal Lattices; Plane Reciprocal Lattice; Lattice Vectors; Reciprocal Vector, g; Streaking Reciprocal Lattice Points; etc..." Intensity of Diffraction "...Structure Factor; Structure Factor: BCC; Structure Compound..." X-ray Diffraction "...X-ray Methods; Rotating Crystal Method; The Laue Method; The Powder Method; etc..." Electron Diffraction "...Electron Diffraction and the Reciprocal Lattice; Ratio Technique; Kikuchi Lines; etc...." For more information see the MATTER Project INTERACTIVE TUTORIAL ABOUT DIFFRACTION - Th. Proffen & R.B. Neder, Crystallography in Würzburg, Institute of Mineralogy, University of Würzburg, Germany VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Diffraction Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Applets). Diffration "...a pictorial guide to crystal structures and their Fourier transforms useful for teaching diffraction physics..." Diffraction Teaching Modules include "...Basic Examples; Reciprocal Space; Convolution Theorem; Modification of a Structure; The Crystallographic Phase Pproblem; Solving a Simple Structure; Anomalous Scattering; Powder Diffraction; Diffuse Scattering & Defect Structures; Direct Methods..." For more information see the Crystallography in Würzburg or the Institute of Mineralogy Some examples from over "20" Diffraction Calculators & Applets include 1D Crystal Builder Calculator 1D Crystal Builder Applet "...allows you to create a row of n electrons or Si and Pb atoms parallel to the x-axis..." Polygon of Atoms Calculator Polygon of Atoms Calculator "...allows the creation of a polygon of atoms and the calculation of the corresponding Fourier transform..." Ewald Sphere Applet Ewald Sphere Applet "...illustrates the different 'scans' in reciprocal space and allows you to see the path a THETA-scan and a H-scan follows..." Bragg's Law Applet Bragg's Law Applet "...imulates the interference between two waves scattered by atoms located on two parallel layers..." HK Plane Simulator Calculator HK Plane Simulator Calculator "...draws different hkl planes into a crystal structure and to compare these to the corresponding Bragg reflection..."

COMPOSITE MATERIALS PROCESS SIMULATIONS & ANALYSIS PROCESS SIMULATIONS - Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Composite Materials Process Simulations (Text, Images & Calculators). For more information see Composite Design Software; Technology or the Center for Composite Materials Some examples Composite Materials Process Simulations include Preform Properties Analysis (PPA) Preform Properties Analysis (PPA) Program "...may be constructed with any combination of continuous fiber, fiber mats, woven fabrics and cores..." Cure Cycle Design Cure Cycle Design is "...a process that converts a liquid resin into a solid by chemical reactions induced by heat (or radiation)..." Composite Properties Analysis Composite Properties Analysis Program "...predicts the thermoelastic properties (Youngs moduli, Shear moduli, Poissons ratio and coefficients of thermal expansion) for a variety of polymeric composite materials..." COMPOSITE ADVENTURE GAME (SHOCKWAVE) - Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware Multimedia Interactive Composite Game (Text, Images & Simulation). Composite Adventure Game allows you "...to manufacture a composite part..." For more information see Process Simulation; Technology or the Center for Composite Materials Control Systems CONTROL SYSTEMS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CONTROL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS - SoftIntegration, Inc. VERY VERY VERY.....EXTENSIVE. Control System Design and Analysis Calculators "...can be used for modeling, design, and analysis of continuous-time or discrete-time linear time-invariant (LTI) control systems..." Control System Design and Analysis Major Categories with over "40" Calculators include: "...Time Domain Response Analysis Calculators; Frequency Domain Analysis Calculators; Analysis and Design in State-Space Calculators; Model Reduction and Dynamics Calculators; Root Locus Design Calculators; Model Conversion Calculators; System Conversion Calculators; System Interconnection Calculators..." For more information see Web Services; Plotting and Scientific Numerical Computing; Numerical Computing or SoftIntegration, Inc. Some examples of Control System Design and Analysis Major Categories with Calculators include Time-Domain Response Analysis Calculators "...The time-domain approach is a unified method for analyzing and designing systems modeled by either modern or classical approach..." Frequency-Domain Analysis Calculators "...The frequency response is the system's response to sinusoidal inputs. The output of a linear time-invariant system to a sinusoidal input is a sinusoid of the same frequency but with..." Analysis and Design in State-Space Calculators "...The state-space method is the modern approach for control system design and analysis. The controllability and observability are important structural properties of a control system..." CONTROL SYSTEMS TOOLS: CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CONTROL SYSTEMS TOOLS - SpaceAge Control, Inc. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Control Systems Tools & Calculators are located at the bottom of page. For more information see SpaceAge Control, Inc. Some examples from over "10" Control Systems Calculators & Tools include Sinusoidal Motion Calculator Sinusoidal Motion Calculator input values include: "...Displacement (Peak-to-Peak); Velocity (Peak); Acceleration (Peak); Units; etc..." Thermal Effect Calculator Thermal Effect Calculator input values include: "...Displacement Cable Coefficient of Thermal Expansion; Displacement Cable Length; Position Transducer Range; Change in Temperature..." Potentiometer-Based Position Transducer Voltage Divider and Power Calculator Potentiometer-Based Position Transducer Voltage Divider and Power Calculator input values include: "...Transducer Displacement; Transducer Range; Power Supply Voltage; Potentiometer Power Rating; Potentiometer Resistance..."

Coordinates, Mission & Multi-Mission Tools, Heliocentric Trajectories, Astronomical Coordinates COORDINATE CALCULATORS & APPLETS MISSION & MULTI-MISSION CALCULATORS & DATABASES ASTRONOMICAL COORDINATES CALCULATORS HELIOCENTRIC TRAJECTORY CALCULATORS CONVERT EQUATORIAL TO GALACTIC COORDINATES - CALCULATOR - E.M. Murphy, FUSE - The Far Spectroscopic Explorer, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University & NASA Convert Equatorial to Galactic Coordinates input values include: "...Right Ascension; Declination; Epoch..." For more information see FUSE Planning Tools or FUSE - The Far Spectroscopic Explorer HEASARC TOOLS: CALCULATORS - NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. HEASARC Web Tools are "...designed to assist scientists in their proposal and general data analysis efforts..." HEASARC Web Tool Categories include: "...General Tools; Multi-Mission Tools & Mission Tools..." For more information see NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC) Examples of Astrophysics Calculators include Coordinate Conversion: Object location and coordinate converter nH Column Density: Determine neutral Hydrogen column density by target coordinates Multiplex Energy Converter: Energy/frequency/wavelength converter WebSpec: Simulate spectral data for missions/instruments xTime: Convert RXTE and Swift times to other time systems and formats and vice versa HEXTErock: HEXTE cluster background positions on the sky HELIOWEB - Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Multimedia Heliocentric Trajectories for Selected Spacecraft, Planets, and Comets Databases (Text & Images). Heliocentric Trajectories for Selected Spacecraft, Planets, and Comets: "...Positions are available in Solar Ecliptic (SE) and Heliographic (HG) (rotating and inertial) systems for 12 Spacecraft, 2 Planets and 8 Comets. They can be obtained at desired time period, time resolution..." For more information see Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) or the Goddard Space Flight Center PRECESSION ROUTINE CALCULATOR - E.M. Murphy, FUSE - The Far Spectroscopic Explorer, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University & NASA Precession Rountine Calculator "...will precess astronomical coordinates from one epoch to another..." Precession Rountine Calculator input values include: "...Right Ascension; Declination; Initial epoch; Final epoch; RA proper motion; DEC proper motion; Parallax; Radial velocity..." For more information see FUSE Planning Tools or FUSE - The Far Spectroscopic Explorer

Electronic Warfare, Radar & AIS Systems

Automatic Identification System Electronic Warfare & Radar Systems Courses, Glossaries, etc. with Calculators & Applets Airborne Radar Courses & Teaching Modules with Calculators & Applets Radar Antennas ~ Radar Beamwidth ~ Radar Boundary-Relative Speed Radar 'Free-Space Range' ~ Radar Horizon ~ Radar Probability of Intercept Radar Targets & Ship Movements

Electronic Warfare, Radar & AIS Systems AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (AIS) CALCALC TO DETERMINE THE MESSAGE CAPACITY OF AN AIS BASESTATION - I. Harre, Bremen, Germany VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Automatic Identification System "...how many mobile and stationary AIS systems can be received by a single shore-based 'physical AIS base station'. AIS CapCalc will provide the answer for user-defined traffic scenarios..." Automatic Identification System Calculator input values include: "...Basestation(s); Ship at anchor or moored and not moving faster than 3 knots; Ship at anchor or moored and moving faster than 3 knots; Ship 0-14 knots; Ship 0-14 knots and changing course; Ship 14-23 knots; Ship 14-23 knots and changing course; etc..." For more information see AIS (Automatic Identification System) or Ingo Harre's Home Page ELECTRONIC WARFARE CALCULATORS & APPLETS ELECTRONIC WARFARE & RADAR SYSTEMS COURSES, GLOSSARIES SPACE & ELECTRONIC WARFARE GLOSSARY - Joe Cyr VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Space & Electronic Warfare contains Acronyms, Abbreviations and Terms relating to the Military; Space & Electronic Combat; Electronic Warfare; Command & Control; Weaponry; General Warfare; Information Warfare; Special Operations; Non-lethal Weapons; Computers; Homeland Security..." For more information see Space & Electronic Warfare Lexicon ELECTRONIC WARFARE ONLINE INTERACTIVE CALCULATORS - Directorate of Science & Technology. Green Bay Professional Packet Radio (GBPPR) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Homebrew Military & Espionage Electronics or the Green Bay Professional Packet Radio (GBPPR) Some examples from over "7" Electronic Warfare Calculators include Minimum Jammer Power Calculator Minimum Jammer Power Calculator input values include: "...Power Output of the Enemy Transmitter; Elevation of the Enemy Transmitter Location; Enemy Transmitter Location-to-Target Receiver Location Distance Elevation of the Jammer Transmitter Location; Jammer Location-to-Target Receiver Location Distance; Terrain and Ground Conductivity Factor..." Urban Area Path Loss Calculator Urban Area Path Loss Calculator input values include: "...Frequency of the Transmitter; Power Output of the Transmitter; Height of the Transmitter Location; Height of the Receive Transmitter Location; Distance Between the Transmitter & Receiver Locations; Environment Type..."

AIRBORNE RADAR COURSES & TEACHING MODULES WITH CALCULATORS & APPLETS RADAR CALCULATOR - RADAR CALCULATORS INTRODUCTION TO AIRBORNE RADAR: RADAR PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS AND PROGRAMS - Authors: P. Wittenberg, T. Jeffrey, P. Lacomme, J. Jie, Z. Shengyun, Y. Zhang, W. Zhiyou & W. Xianhui Multimedia Introduction to Airborne Radar Textbook (Text, Images & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Introduction to Airborne Radar Textbook Chapters include: "...Radio Waves and Alternating Current Signals; The Ubiquitous Decibel; Choice of Radio Frequency; Pulsed Operation; The Radar Range Equation; Pulse Compression; The Doppler Effect; Sources & Spectra of Ground Return; etc..." Radar Calculators include: "...Antenna Arrays Calculator input values include: "...Phase shift (degrees) between elements; Number of elements; Antenna output (dB) relative to peak..." Array Pointing Calculator input values include: "...Radio frequency; Wavelength; Element spacing; Angle off antenna normal to target; Phase shift (degrees) between elements; Number of elements; etc..." Antenna Patterns Calculator input values include: "...Radio frequency; Wavelength; Element spacing; Start angle for plot; End angle for plot; etc..." Radar Range, Time, Frequency Calculator input values include: "...Target Range, Unambiguous Range or Range Bin Width; Pulse Width, Target Two Way Travel Time or Pulse Repetition Frequency; etc..." Phasor Addition Calculator; dB Calculator; Horizon Calculator; etc..." RADAR ANTENNA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS RADAR ANTENNA CALCULATOR (ANTCALC) - I. Harre, Bremen, Germany VERY EXTENSIVE. Radar Antenna Calculator "..."How does a particular radar antenna perform"? The Radar Antenna Calculator provided on this page helps to find answers..." Radar Antenna Calculator input values include: "...Radar Frequency; Antenna Width; Horizontal Beamwidth; Vertical Beamwidth; Antenna Gain; etc..." Also includes a table that "...shows some data representative for radar antennas used aboard ships or ashore..." For more information see Radar or Ingo Harre's Home Page RADAR BEAMWIDTH CALCULATORS & APPLETS RADAR BEAM PROPERTY CALCULATOR & APPLETS BEAMWIDTH CALCULATOR - BEAM PROPERTY CALCULATOR - Warning Decision Training Branch (WDTB), National Weather Service (NWS), NOAA VERY EXTENSIVE. Beamwidth Calculator "...When analyzing radar data, it is often helpful to know the height of the radar volume...This applet provides a simpler way to get this information. In addition to providing the user the beam center height, it also provides the beam top height, beam bottom height, and the beam width..." Beamwidth Calculator (Beam Property Calculator) input values include: "...Elevation Angle; Range; Units (English or Metric)..." For more information see Resources or the Warning Decision Training Branch RADAR BOUNDARY-RELATIVE SPEED CALCULATORS & APPLETS BOUNDARY-RELATIVE SPEED CALCULATOR - Warning Decision Training Branch (WDTB), National Weather Service (NWS), NOAA VERY EXTENSIVE. Boundary-Relative Speed Calculator "...was created to give forecasters an easy way to use the proposed schematic diagram in an operational environment..." Boundary-Relative Speed Calculator "...uses three input variables (cell speed, cell direction, and boundary speed; all speeds in m s-1) to compute the boundary-relative velocity at points all along the circular boundary..." For more information see Resources or the Warning Decision Training Branch RADAR 'FREE-SPACE RANGE' CALCULATORS & SPREADSHEETS (XLS) RADAR FREE-SPACE RANGE CALCULATOR (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - I. Harre, Bremen, Germany VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Radar Free-Space Range Calculator "...The free-space range of a radar system is the maximum range determined from the parameters of a radar system (antenna and transmitter/receiver combination)..." Radar Free-Space Range Calculator input values include: Radar Antenna "...Beamwidth (Azimuth & Elevation); Polarisation; Gain; RPM; etc..." Radar Transmitter/Receiver "...Frequency; Wavelength; Peak Power; Pulse Width; etc..." Target "...Radar Cross Section; False Alarm Rate Exponent; etc..." Also includes "...Radar Cross Section (Ship RCS Tables, IALA RCS Tables, etc.); NAVGEN Algorithm to determine 2D Position Fixing Errors; etc..." For more information see Radar or Ingo Harre's Home Page RADAR HORIZON CALCULATORS & APPLETS RADAR HORIZON CALCULATOR (HORCALC) - I. Harre, Bremen, Germany VERY EXTENSIVE. Radar Horizon Calculator is "...a calculator to determine the radar horizon and the target visibility range..." Radar Horizon Calculator input values include: "...Height of radar antenna; Target height..." For more information see Radar or Ingo Harre's Home Page RADAR PROBABILITY OF INTERCEPT CALCULATORS & APPLETS RADAR PROBABILITY OF INTERCEPT (JAVA APPLET) - V. Clarkson, School of Information Technology & Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia VERY EXTENSIVE. Radar Probability of Intercept "...The plot shows probability of intercept (PoI) between a radar scan pattern and a receiver search sequence..." For more information see Vaughan Clarkson's Home Page or the School of Information Technology & Electrical Engineering RADAR TARGETS AND SHIP MOVEMENTS CALCULATORS & APPLETS RADAR (JAVA APPLET) - C.G. Crawford, Mathematics Department, United States Naval Academy (USNA) VERY EXTENSIVE. Radar Calculator "...Suppose a target is moving back and forth, toward and away from your radar unit. The given function represents the distance as a function of time as measured by your radar..." For more information see Web Based Calculus Applications; Mathematics Department or the United States Naval Academy RELATED RATES (JAVA APPLET) - C.G. Crawford, Mathematics Department, United States Naval Academy (USNA) VERY EXTENSIVE. Related Rates Calculator "...simulates the movement of two ships, one East/West and the other North/South. A separate graph keeps track of the distance between them as a function of time..." For more information see Web Based Calculus Applications; Mathematics Department or the United States Naval Academy

Experimental Aircraft Design EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS & SPREADSHEETS (XLS) EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Experimental Aircraft Association, Inc. Multimedia Experimental Aircraft Spreadsheets & Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Experimental Aircraft Spreadsheets include: "...Seaplane Hull Sizing and Takeoff Performance Apreadsheet; Airplane Structure Worksheet Spreadsheet; Wood Design Worksheet Spreadsheet; Spreadsheet for estimating the Skin Shear Flow; Wing Aizing Spreadsheet; Spreadsheet for Tandem Wing Stability and Control (Flying Flea type aircraft); Landing Gear Design Spreadsheet; Propeller Efficiency Spreadsheet; Liquid Cooling Estimate Spreadsheet; etc..." For more information see Experimental Aircraft Association, Inc.

Flight School, Ground School,
How to Fly Airplanes, Aviation Simulations, etc.

Flight School, Ground School, How to Fly Airplanes Courses, Teaching Modules with Animations & Simulations Flight Testing ~ Flight Simulators Airport Traffic Flight Simulations ~ Aircraft Simulations Aviation, Engine Tuning, File a FlightPlan, Propeller Efficiency, Heading, Groundspeed, & Wind Correction Angle, etc. Helicoper Simulations ~ Wright Brothers Simulations

Flight School, Ground School, How to Fly Airplanes, Aviation Simulations, etc. FLIGHT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FLIGHT COURSES WITH CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FLIGHT SCHOOL COURSES WITH CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GROUNDSCHOOL COURSES WITH CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GROUND SCHOOL COURSES WITH CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HOW TO FLY AIRPLANES COURSES WITH CALCULATORS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FOR GENERAL AVIATION FLIGHT PLANS, EXAMS, AIRPORT LOCATORS, AVIATION FUEL PRICES, ETC. SEE CALCULATORS CENTER I:A-E: GENERAL AVIATION FLIGHT SCHOOL ONLINE - Author: John Brandon, Recreational Aviation Australia Inc., Mongans Bridge, Victoria, Australia Multimedia Flight School Courses & Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Animations & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Flight School Courses include: "...Flight Theory Guide; Learning to Fly Guide; Aviation Meteorology Guide; Flight Planning and Navigation Guide; VHF Radiocommunications Guide; Coping with Emergencies Guide; Airmanship and Safety Matters; Builders Guide to Aircraft Materials ..." Some examples of Flight School Courses include Groundschool - Theory of Flight Groundschool - Theory of