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US/Pacific: Tuesday, February 9, 2010 Sydney, Australia: Wednesday, February 10, 2010 File Download Time Calculator Author, E-Mail, Privacy Policy & Disclaimer Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains over "23,785" Calculators & Spreadsheets, over "3,710" Courses, Lectures, Manuals, Handbooks, & "1,000's" of Movies, Videos, Simulations & Animations

CHEMISTRY: E-L (Course, Lectures, Databases, Animations, Simulations, Calculators, Applets, Spreadsheets, 3D Modeling, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound, etc.) Electrochemistry ~ Electrophoresis Emission, Absorption & Color Mixing Enthalpy, Gibbs Energy ~ Equilibrium ~ Evaporation Extremely Hazardous Substance, Contamination & Chemical Accidents Ferrous & Non-Ferrous Materials ~ Filtration & Separation ~ Flow Cytometry Fluid Mixing ~ Food Chemistry ~ Fume Hoods Gas Laws (Ideal, Boyle's, Avagadro's, van der Waals etc.) Gas Mixtuers, Gas Dynamics, Natural Gas, etc. ~ Geochemistry ~ Glassblowing H2 ~ H2O2 ~ H2O - Water Chemistry Helium ~ Heterocyclic Chemistry ~ Hydrocarbon Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry ~ Ketones ~ Kinetics & Chemical Kinetics Chemistry Graphing & Plotter Calculators Chemistry Center Calculators On-Line Center

Electrochemistry ELECTROCHEMISTRY COURSES, LECTURES, TECHNICAL REPORTS, ETC. FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY - D.F. Thomas, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph Multimedia Fundamentals of Electrochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Fundamentals of Electrochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry Fundamentals; Electrochemical Instrumentation; Voltammetric Methods; Impedance Methods; Synthetic Organic Electrochemistry; Industrial Applications: Hydrothermal Electrochemistry; Industrial Applications: Fuel Cells and Batteries; Surface Analysis: Microscopy and Spectroscopy; etc..." For more information see Courses; Dan Thomas' Home Page or the Department of Chemistry ELECTROCHEMISTRY (REAL PLAYER) - A.B. Bocarsly (Department of Chemistry & the Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Princeton University), Hosted by: Center for Chemical Innovation (CCI) Solar, California Institute of Technology Multimedia Electrochemistry Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Electrochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Potential Controlled Experiments; Tafer/Butler-Volmer Kinetics; Fuel Cells; Diffusion Controlled Current/Potential; Potential Jump Experiments; Chronocoulometry; Cyclic Voltammetry; Marcus Theory & Surface Modified Electrodes; Semiconductor Electrochemistry; Microelectrodes and UME's; Marcus Theory Heterogeneous ET; etc..." For more information see Andrew B. Bocarsly's Home Page; CCI Solar Education or the Center for Chemical Innovation (CCI) Solar ELECTROCHEMISTRY - Gamry Instruments Multimedia Application Notes on Electrochemistry (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Electrochemistry" Lessons include "...Basics of EIS; Rapid Electrochemical Assessment of Paint (REAP); Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Theory: A Primer; Potentiostat Primer; Getting Started with Electrochemical Corrosion Measurement; etc..." For more information see Gamry Instruments ELECTROCHEMISTRY ENCYCLOPEDIA - Edited by Zoltan Nagy; Hosted by the Ernest B. Yeager Center for Electrochemical Sciences (YCES), Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Multimedia Electrochemistry Encyclopedia - Technical Publications & Lessons (Text, Images & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Electrochemistry Encyclopedia "...contains popular-science style articles describing many aspects of electrochemistry. New articles are added at irregular intervals, and all articles are periodically updated as recent developments occur in the field..." Electrochemistry Encyclopedia Subject Categories include "... Anodizing; Brine electrolysis; Dielectrics; Electroactive Polymers; Electrochemical Capacitors; Electrochemical Engineering; Electrochemical Machining; Electrochemical Nose; Electrochemistry of Corrosion; Electroplating; Extracting Metals from Sulfide Ores; Magnetic Effects in Electrochemistry; Nonrechargeable Batteries; etc..." For more information see the Electrochemistry Encyclopedia Home Page; Ernest B. Yeager Center for Electrochemical Sciences (YCES) or the Department of Chemical Engineering ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY CALCULATORS & APPLETS ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY (EOS) - R.S. Rodger, Research Solutions & Resources VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Electrochemistry Resources or Research Solutions & Resources Examples of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Calculators include Inductance of a Straight Wire Calculator Inductance of a Straight Wire Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Wire Diameter; Wire Length; Permeability..." Capacitance and Coating Properties Calculator Capacitance and Coating Properties Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Find Coating (Dielectric Constant, Thickness, Capacitance); Coating Information (Dielectric Constant, Thickness, Capacitance)..." VOLTAMMETRIC CALCULATORS & APPLETS QUASI-REVERSIBLE VOLTAMMETRIC RESPONSE OF ELECTRODES COATED WITH ELECTROACTIVE MONOLAYER FILMS (JAVA APPLET) - M. Ohtani, Kanazawa College of Art, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan VERY EXTENSIVE. Quasi-reversible Voltammetric Response of Electrodes Coated with Electroactive Monolayer Films Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Relative dielectric constant at 0; Relative dielectric constant at d; Thickness of oriented solvent molecule layer or a distance from redox center to solution phase; Formal potential of a redox couple; etc..." For more information see Publications or Masayuki Ohtani's Home Page Electrophoresis ELECTROPHORESIS COURSES, HANDBOOKS, LESSONS, ETC. INTRODUCTION TO CAPILARY ELECTROPHORESIS PRIMER - Beckman Coulter, Inc. Multimedia Introduction to Capilary Electrophoresis Handbook - PDF (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Capilary Electrophoresis "...is a family of related techniques that employ narrow-bore (20-200 µm i.d.) capillaries to perform high efficiency separations of both large and small molecules. These separations are facilitated by the use of high voltages, which may generate electroosmotic and electrophoretic flow of buffer solutions and ionic species, respectively, within the capillary..." Examples of "Introduction to Capilary Electrophoresis" Handbook Sections include "...Capillary electrophoresis; Electrophoresis Terminology; Electroosmosis; Capillary diameter and Joule heating; Effects of voltage and temperature; etc..." For more information see Capillary Electrophoresis Literature and Publications; Introduction to Capillary Electrophoresis; Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) or Beckman Coulter, Inc. CAPILARY ELECTROPHORESIS COURSES, LECTURES, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, ETC. CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS PRIMER - MicroSolv Technology Corporation Multimedia Capillary Electrophoresis Primer (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Electrophoresis "...gets its name from the process whereby the movement of ions is produced under the influence of an applied voltage across a field that the ions exist..." "...The term, "High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis", HPCE is an umbrella for many sub-techniques such as: Capillary Iso-Electric Focusing; Micellar Electro-Kinetic Chromatography; Capillary Gel Electrophoresis; Capillary Isotachophoresis; etc..." Examples of "Capillary Electrophoresis Primer" Modules include "...Basic Theory; Improving Efficiency for your HPCE Methods; Achieving Precision in your HPCE Methods; Analytical Validation Glossary; etc..." For more information see MicroSolv Technology Corporation CAPILARY ELECTROPHORESIS CALCULATOR - Beckman Coulter, Inc. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Capilary Electrophoresis Calculator INPUT Values include: "...System Type; Capillary Dimensions; Temperature; Pressure; Time;..." Capilary Electrophoresis Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...Hydrodynamic Injection; Capillary Volume; Capillary Volume to Window; Injection Plug Length; Plug Percentage Length to Window; Capillary Volumes Replaced; Seconds to replace 1 volume; Injection Pressure-seconds; Relative Viscosity..." For more information see Introduction to Capillary Electrophoresis; Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) or Beckman Coulter, Inc. ELECTROPHORESIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ELECTROPHORESIS (JAVA APPLET) - Java programming: K.I. Tchourioukanov; Author: M.W. Davidson, Molecular Expressions: Exploring the World of Optics & Mircroscopy, Florida State University Electrophoresis Applet "...explores how macromolecules are separated according to size when direct current is applied to the ends of an electrophoresis gel..." For more information see Electricity & Magnetism Interactive Java Tutorials or Molecular Expressions: Exploring the World of Optics & Mircroscopy Some examples of other related Electrophoresis Calculators & Applets include Resistance at the Molecular Level Mitosis CHEMISTRY BASED SIMULATIONS: MOVIES & ANIMATIONS (FLASH, QUICKTIME & REALPLAYER) - T.G. Chasteen, Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Texas Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Demonstrations & Experiments (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments "...These animations support the teaching of concepts in chemistry in freshman through graduate level courses..." Examples of "Chemistry Based Simulations" Categoires include "...Electrophoresis Videos & Animations; Gas Chromatography Videos & Animations; Chromatography Videos & Animations; Chemiluminescence Videos & Animations; Mass Spectrometry Videos & Animations; X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Videos & Animations; HPLC Videos & Animations; Spectrophotometers Videos & Animations; etc..." For more information see Analytical Environmental Chemistry or Department of Chemistry \xamples of Electrophoresis Videos & Animations include Capillary Electrophoresis Injection Evaluation Videos & Animations Gel Electrophoresis Videos & Animations Capillary Electrophoresis Videos & Animations Modes of Capillary Electrophoresis Videos & Animations ELECTROPHORESIS SIMULATION OF DNA - CALCULATORS & APPLETS ELECTROPHORESIS SIMULATION OF DNA (JAVA APPLET) - P.A. Craig & D. Mix, Department of Chemistry, Rochester Institute of Technology VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Electrophoresis Simulation Site or Paul A. Craig's Home Page GEL ELECTROPHORESIS SIMULATION (JAVA APPLET) - R. Russell, MSU's Virtual University, Michigan State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Gel Electrophoresis Simulation "...is used to analyze DNA or proteins. After using enzymes to cut the long DNA or protein strands, the DNA or protein. sample is placed in a "well" along the top of the jello-like gel. Next, current is applied to the gel..." For more information see Randy Russell's Interactive Portfolio; Randy Russell's Home Page or MSU's Virtual University DNA DISCOVERY MODULES (SHOCKWAVE) - The MyDNA Project, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Examples DNA Discovery Modules include Module 2: Sorting DNA Molecules Module 3: Comparing Different Samples of DNA - Comparing DNA Samples on Agarose Gels ELECTROPHORESIS SIMULATION OF PROTEINS ELECTROPHORESIS SIMULATION OF PROTEINS (JAVA APPLET) - P.A. Craig & D. Mix, Department of Chemistry, Rochester Institute of Technology VERY EXTENSIVE. Electrophoresis Applet "...simulates the process of electrophoesis on proteins. After separation the applet will plot the result and determine the experimental molecular weight of the unknowns..." For more information see Electrophoresis Simulation Site or Paul A. Craig's Home Page FRAGMENT SIZE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FRAGMENT SIZE CALCULATOR (GEL SYSTEM) - Northwestern University Medical School Fragment Size Calculator "...calculates unknown sizes for any gel system that has a logarithmic relationship between molecular weight and migration..." For more information see Basic Sciences GEL ELECTROPHORESIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GEL ELECTROPHORESIS SIMULATION (JAVA APPLET) - Original Author: J.Cowan, Revised and modified by W. Christian, Department of Physics, Davidson College, North Carolina For more information see Physlets; WebPhysics or the Department of Physics SODIUM DODECY1 SULFATE POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS CALCULATOR (SDS PAGE CALCULATOR) - Chang Bioscience, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Gel Electrophoresis Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Gel percentage; 30% Polyacrylamide; 10% Ammonium persulfate; 10% SD; etc..." For more information see Bioinformatics Tools and Resources for Biomedical Scientists and Students or Chang Bioscience, Inc.

Emission, Absorption, and Color Mixing EMISSION, ABSORPTION & COLOR MIXING RELATED CENTERS FOR MORE EMISSION, ABSORPTION & COLOR MIXING CALCULATORS & APPLETS SEE THE ENGINEERING CENTER: OPTICS EMISSION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ABSORPTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, LESSONS, ETC. LIGHT & ENERGY: INTERACTIVE (JAVA APPLETS) - ChemConnections, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Chemistry Lessons (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). For more information see Tools or the ChemConnections COLOR CALCULATORS & APPLETS WHY THINGS HAVE COLOR (JAVA APPLET) - The Chemistry Collective & the Department of Chemistry, Carneigie Mellon University VERY EXTENSIVE. Why Things Have Color "...demonstrates how an abstract concept can be made accessible in an introductory course by putting it in the proper context. Here, the particle- in-a-box model of quantum mechanics is placed in a context of light absorption by materials..." For more information see Applets; The Chemistry Collective or the Department of Chemistry Enthalpy & Gibbs Energy ENTHALPY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GIBBS FREE ENERGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ENTHALPY AND GIBBS FREE ENERGY CALCULATOR - Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill & The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Enthalpy Calculator and Gibbs Free Energy Calculator "...The purpose of this calculator is to calculate the value of the enthalphy of a reaction (delta H) or the Gibbs free energy of a reaction (delta G)..." Enthalpy Calculator and Gibbs Free Energy Calculator INPUT Values include: Enthalpy "...Reactant A, B & C (O, O3, H, OH, HO2, H2O, N, N2, NO, etc.); Product A, B & C (O, O3, H, OH, HO2, H2O, N, N2, NO, etc.);..." Gibbs Free Energy "...Reactant A, B & C (O, O3, H, OH, HO2, H2O, N, N2, NO, etc.); Product A, B & C (O, O3, H, OH, HO2, H2O, N, N2, NO, etc.);..." For more information see UNC-Chapel Hill Chemistry Fundamentals Program or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. Equilibrium - Chemical Equilibrium CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA CALCULATORS & APPLETS CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATORS & APPLETS CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA (JAVA APPLETS) - D.N. Blauch, Department of Chemistry, Davidson College VERY EXTENSIVE. Chemical Equilibria Calculators & Simulations include: "...Chemical Equilibria Calculator; Equilibrium Constant Calculator; Reaction Calculator; Le Chatelier's Principle Calculator: Adding and Removing Reactants and/or Products etc..." Le Chatelier's Principle Calculator: Temperature Changes; etc..." For more information see Chemistry Experiments and Exercises; David N. Blauch or the Department of Chemistry CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATOR - D.S. Dandy, Materials Processing Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Colorado State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Chemical Equilibrium Calculator Calculates "...the chemical equilibrium state of an ideal gas mixture, subject to necessary constraints on two intrinsic variables. Depending on the constraint chosen, the calculation invokes STANJAN to minimize the derived property—Gibbs energy, Helmholz energy, internal energy, enthalpy—or maximize entropy for the user-supplied gas mixture..." For more information see Gas Mixture Calculators or the Materials Processing Program EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATOR: HI TEMP THERMO CALCULATOR - Author: T.M. Besmann, Oak Ridge National Laboratory VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Equilibrium Calculations: Hi Temp Thermo Calculator "...predict equilibria in condensed-phase systems that included stoichiometric phases, solid solutions, glasses, and liquids, and for which the gas-phase can also be included. (Gas-phase equilibria with no condensed-phases present can also be computed in FactSage.) The condensed-phase data files also include standard gas-phase species which will be included in any calculation..." For more information see Equilibrium Calculations: Hi Temp Thermo Calculator Home Page or the Thermochemistry Database for High-Temp Materiasl Synthesis CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT DO NOT GO TO COMPLETION: CALCULATORS & APPLETS EQUILIBRIUM (JAVA APPLET) - The Chemistry Collective & the Department of Chemistry, Carneigie Mellon University VERY EXTENSIVE. Equilibrium Calculator "...is similar to the limiting reagent applet, but applies to chemical reactions that do not go to completion..." For more information see Applets; The Chemistry Collective or the Department of Chemistry EQULIBRIUM CONSTANTS FROM MOLECULAR STRUCTURE: CALCULATORS & APPLETS EQULIBRIUM CONSTANTS FROM MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (JAVA APPLET) - T.W. Shattuck, Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, Maine VERY EXTENSIVE. Equilibrium Constants from Molecular Structure Calculator "...uses statistical mechanics to calculate the equilibrium constant for a simple bimolecular chemical reaction involving diatomic molecules and atoms..." Equilibrium Constants from Molecular Structure Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Formula; Be; Symmetry Number; Ground State Degenerace; Dissociation E; etc. for A, + B, > C & + D..." Be Calculator INPUT Values include "...formula; Be; etc..." For more information see Physical Chemistry or the Department of Chemistry

Evaporation EVAPORATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS TOXIC CHEMICALS EVAPORATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AREAL LOCATIONS OF HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES (ALOHA) - Office of Response and Restoration, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) "...is a computer program that uses information you provide it, along with physical property data from its extensive chemical library, to predict how a hazardous gas cloud might disperse in the atmosphere after an accidental chemical release. ALOHA can predict rates of chemical release from broken gas pipes, leaking tanks, and evaporating puddles, and can model the dispersion of both neutrally-buoyant and heavier-than-air gases..." For more information see the Office of Response and Restoration Extremely Hazardous Substance, Contamination & Chemical Accidents HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE & TOXIC MATERIAL RELATED CENTERS FOR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE & TOXIC MATERIAL DATABASES SEE THE PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER CONTAMINATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SITE CONTAMINATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CONTAMINATED SITES: METHOD 3 CALCULATOR - Contaminated Sites Program, Department of Environmental Conservation, Alaska VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Contaminated Sites: Method 3 Calculator "...was developed to provide flexibility in determining alternative cleanup levels for soil and groundwater... provides methods of determining site-specific alternative cleanup levels for three soil exposure pathways: inhalation, ingestion, and migration to groundwater..." For more information see Contaminated Sites Program or the Department of Environmental Conservation HAZARD RISK CALCULATOR (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal/EPA) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Hazard Risk Calculator Spreadsheet is "...provided as a tool to assist in calculating the Hazard Index and Risk Index based on soil concentrations and/or soil gas concentrations using the California Human Health Screening Levels..." For more information see Screening Values; Brownfields Home Page or the California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal/EPA) DOSE COMPLIANCE CONCENTRATIONS CALCULATORS & APPLETS DOSE COMPLIANCE CONCENTRATIONS FOR RADIONUCLIDES CALCULATOR - Office of Superfund, EPS and Oak Ridge National Laboratory VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Dose Compliance Concentrations for Radionuclides "...Dose conversion factors (DCFs), or "dose coefficients", for a given radionuclide represent the dose equivalent per unit intake (i.e., ingestion or inhalation) or external exposure of that radionuclide. These DCFs are used to convert a radionuclide concentration in soil, air, water, or foodstuffs to a radiation dose..." Dose Compliance Concentrations for Radionuclides Calculator INPUT Values include: Landuses "...Residential Soil; Outdoor or Indoor Worker Soil; Agricultural Soil; Tapwater; Ingestion of Fish..." Units; ICRP Rule Option (30 or 60); Target Dose Limit; Radionuclides..." For more information see Dose Compliance Concentrations for Radionuclides Home Page; Risk Assessment or the Superfund HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CERCLA/EPCRA REPORTABLE QUANTITIES: RQ CALCULATOR - J. DiCerbo, A. Leslie, K. Erskine & F. Baes, Environmental Policy and Guidance, RCRA/CERCLA Division (EH-413), Department of Energy VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. CERCLA/EPCRA Reportable Quantities RQ Calculator "...simplifies the calculation of whether a release exceeds a chemical's reportable quantity. The program will calculate the amount of the regulated substance released, compare the resulting value to the chemical's RQ, and advise the user as to whether or not a notification must be made..." Reportable Quantities Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Substance released; Evaluate a Release; Find the RQ for a Hazardous or Extremely Hazardous Substance; Who to Contact and DOE Guidance..." Reportable Quantities Calculator also includes: "...CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act; EPCRA: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act; etc..." For more information see DOE Environmental Policy & Guidance or the DOE Office of Environmental, Safety and Health EVAPORATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS TOXIC CHEMICALS EVAPORATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AREAL LOCATIONS OF HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES (ALOHA) - Office of Response and Restoration, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) "...is a computer program that uses information you provide it, along with physical property data from its extensive chemical library, to predict how a hazardous gas cloud might disperse in the atmosphere after an accidental chemical release. ALOHA can predict rates of chemical release from broken gas pipes, leaking tanks, and evaporating puddles, and can model the dispersion of both neutrally-buoyant and heavier-than-air gases..." For more information see the Office of Response and Restoration

Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Materials FERROUS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS NON-FERROUS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MATERIAL HARDNESS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BRINELL, KNOOP, MOHS, ROCKWELL, SHORE SCLEROSCOPE, TENSILE STRENGTH & VICKERS ROCKWELL HARDNESS CONVERSION CALCULATOR - Brown Metals Rockwell Hardness Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Material Type (Austenitic & Non-Austenitic); Hardness Scale (15T; 30T; 15N; 30N)..." For more information see Brown Metals BRINELL'S HARDNESS CALCULATOR - Interactive Nano-Visualization in Science & Engineering Education (IN-VSEE), Arizona State University VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Carbon; IN-VSEE Modules; Interactive Nano-Visualization in Science & Engineering Education (IN-VSEE) Examples of other Hardness Calculators include Knoop Hardness Calculator Knoop Hardness Calculator INPUT Values include: "...P (Kilograms); I (mm)..." Vickers Hardness Calculator Vickers Hardness Calculator INPUT Values include: "...P (Kilograms); d1 (mm)..." HARDNESS TEST CALCULATORS - eFunda, Inc. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Hardness Calculators include: "...Vickers Hardness Calculator; Various Brinell Hardness Calculator; Knoop Hardness Calculator; Mohs Hardness Calculator; Rockwell Hardness Calculators; etc..." For more information see Calculators or Engineering Fundamentals HARDNESS TESTING CALCULATORS - G. England, Independent Metallurgist and Consultant to the Thermal Spray Coating Industry, Surrey, England VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Thermal Spray Coatings Some examples of Hardness Testing Calculators include Rockwell Superficial Hardness Calculator Rockwell Superficial Hardness Test Method "...consists of indenting the test material with a diamond cone (N scale) or hardened steel ball indenter. The indenter is forced into the test material under a preliminary minor load..." Brinell Hardness Calculator Brinell Hardness Test Method "...consists of indenting the test material with a 10 mm diameter hardened steel or carbide ball subjected to a load of 3000 kg. For softer materials the load can be reduced to..." Microhardness Calculator Microhardness Test Method "...usually refers to static indentations made with loads not exceeding 1 kgf. The indenter is either the Vickers diamond pyramid or the Knoop elongated diamond pyramid. The procedure for testing is very similar to that of the standard Vickers hardness test, except..." METAL WEIGHT CALCULATORS & APPLETS MASS3J: MASS & VOLUME CALCULATOR - J. Dempsey, Dempsey's Forge, Gladys, VA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Mass3J is "...a practical calculator for determining weights and mass properties. Input units include Inches, centimeters and millimeters. Reports include a list of materials, their density and the calculated weight as well as mass properties...." Mass3J Calculators include: "...Cylinders Weight Calculator; Cylinders Properties Calculator; Rectangulars Calculator; Right Triangular Prism Calculator; Polygonal Prisms Calculator; Cone Layout Calculator; Oval Layout Calculator; Punching Force Calculator; etc..." For more information see Anvilfire: Blacksmithing and Metalworking Reference for Blacksmiths METALS WEIGHT CALCULATOR: ALLOY, NO. OF PIECES, SHAPE, DIAMETER, LENGTH - AlloyTech, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Metal Weight Calculator Alloy's include: "...Aluminum; Steel; Stainless; Nickel;, Magnesium; Beryllium; Titanium; Cast Iron; Brazz; Zinc; Copper; Lead; Silver; etc..." For more information see Utilities & Calculators or AlloyTech, Inc. PRIME METAL WEIGHT CALCULATOR: ALLOY, NO. OF PIECES, SHAPE, DIAMETER, LENGTH - Admiral Metals VERY EXTENSIVE. Metal Weight Calculator Alloy's include: "...Aluminum; Steel; Stainless; Nickel;, Magnesium; Beryllium; Titanium; Cast Iron; Brazz; Zinc; Copper; Lead; Silver; etc..." For more information see Tools or Admiral Metals SHEET METAL BENDING CALCULATORS & APPLETS SHEET METAL BENDING CALCULATOR - S. Trudel VERY EXTENSIVE. Sheet Metal Bending Calculator "...An added feature of this program is the calculation of the outside radius. In most instances the outside radius can be set as the sum of the thickness and the inside radius..." Sheet Metal Bending Calculators include: Radius Calculations for easy Developed Length and the Minimum Bend Radius INPUT Values include "...Thickness of the Sheet Metal; Material Constant; Percent Elongation for this Material ..." Developed Length and the Outside Radius Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Thickness of the Sheet Metal; Material Constant; Inside Radius; Angle Bent in Degrees..." For more information see SolidWorks SPECIALTY STEEL & FORGE ALLOY CALCULATORS & APPLETS STEEL WEIGHT CALCULATOR: SPECIALTY STEEL & FORGE ALLOY - Specialty Steel & Forge VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Steel Weight Calculator "...allows you to determine the approximate weight of your raw material using the density factor for the metal family selected and the dimensions..." Steel Weight Calculator INPUT Values include: Imput Thickness/Diameter, Width, & Length for Alloy "...Aluminum, Stainless Steel, Hastelloy, Inconel, Titanium, Tungsten, Molybdenum, Magnewium & Titanium..." Shape "...Round, Flats, Sheet, Plate, Strip, Hexagons, Octagons, Pipe, Rings, Discs, Squares, Tubing, Step Shafts & Wire..." Units; Number of Pieces; etc. For more information see Specialty Steel & Forge Filtration & Separation - Particle Technology FILTRATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SEPARATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FOR MORE RELATED CALCULATORS SEE ENGINEERING CALCULATORS: WATER/WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERING FILTRATION AND SEPARATION - R. Holdich, Filtration and Separation.com, Loughborough University, & Midland Information Technology and Publishing, Nottingham, U.K. Multimedia Filtration & Separation Course, Technical Reports, Calculators, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Filtration & Separation "...to enhance knowledge and understanding of filtration and separation technology..." For more information see Midland Information Technology and Publishing Examples from over "10" Filtration & Separation Calculators include Solid-Liquid Separation Equipment Selection and Elimination Procedure Calculator Solid-Liquid Separation Equipment Selection and Elimination Procedure Calculator INPUT Values include: Slurry "...Specific Resistance of the Filter Cake; Feed Solids Concentration; Feed Liquid Vapour Pressure; Scale of Operation; etc..." Process "...Primary Objective of the Separation; Chemicals be Added to Enhance the Separation; etc..." Filtration Calculators Filtration Calculators include: Constant Pressure Filtration Calculator Constant Rate Filtration Calculator Data Analysis Calculators Filtering Centrifuge Calculator Filtering Centrifuge Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Rotational Speed; Centrifuge Radius; Inner Liquid Radial Position; Slurry Concentration; Liquid Density; etc..." Sedimentation Calculators Sedimentation Calculators include: Particle Settling Calculator Continuous Thickening Calculator ENGINEERING ASPECTS IN SOLID-LIQUID SEPERATION - J. Halberthal Multimedia Solid-Liquid Seperation Lessons (Text, Images, Animations & Simulations). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Solid-Liquid Separation "...is a major unit operation that exists in almost every flowscheme related to the chemical process industries, ore beneficiation, pharmaceutics, food or water and waste treatment..." Examples of "Engineering Aspects in Solid-Liquid Seperation" Sections include Vacuum Filters Examples of "Vacuum Filters" Lessons include "...Drum Filters; Disc Filters; Horizontal Belt Filters; Tilting Pan & Table Filterss..." Pressure Filters Examples of "Pressure Filters" Lessons include "...Filterpress; Horizontal Plate Filters; Vertical Leaf Filters; Automatic Filters; etc..." Thickeners Examples of "Thickeners Models" include "...Conventional Thickeners; Lamella Thickeners; etc..." GRANULAR MEDIUM CALCULATORS & APPLETS WHAT IS A GRANULAR MEDIUM - S. Dartevelle, Granular Volcano Group Multimedia Granular Medium Course (Text, Images, Animations & Simulations). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Granular Flows "...are economically important phenomena, e.g., in pharmaceutical industry, corn flow in a silo, coal and flour in a bin,..." For more information see the Granular Volcano Group Examples of "Granular Medium Flow" Course Chapters include An Overview of Granular Theories A Review of Plastic-Frictional Theory Part. 1: Introduction, Mohr-Coulomb, and von Mises Stresses A Review of Plastic-Frictional Theory Part. 2: Plastic Potential Theory

Flow Cytometry FLOW CYTOMETRY COURSES, LECTURES, CALCULATORS, APPLETS, SIMULATIONS, ETC. Flow Cytometry Courses, Lectures, etc. INTRODUCTION TO FLOW CYTOMETRY (FLASH) - BD Biosciences Multimedia Introduction to Flow Cytometry Course (Text, Images, & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Flow cytometry "...is a technology that simultaneously measures and then analyzes multiple physical characteristics of single particles, usually cells, as they flow in a fluid stream through a beam of light. The properties measured include a particle's relative size, relative granularity or internal complexity, and relative fluorescence intensity..." Examples of "Introduction to Flow Cytometry" Course Chapters include "...Fluidics; Optics; Electronics; Optical Measurement; Data Analysis; Applications; etc..." For more information see Self Paced Training; Customer Training; Support or BD Biosciences INTRODUCTION TO FLOW CYTOMETRY (FLASH) - Invitrogen Corporation Multimedia Introduction to Flow Cytometry Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Flow Cytometry" Course Video Lessons include "...Hydordynamic Focusing; Forward Scatter; Forward Scatter Detector; Scatter Plot; 2D Scatter Plot of Blood; Fluorescence Detection; Emission Filter Typers; etc..." For more information see Flow Cytometry or Invitrogen INTRODUCTION TO FLOW CYTOMETRY (FLASH) - J. Paul Robinson, Cytometry Laboratories, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University Multimedia Indroduction Flow Cytometry Courses (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Indroduction Flow Cytometry" Video Courses include "...Introduction to Cytometry I Video Course; Introduction to Cytometry II Video Course..." For more information see the Cytometry Laboratories; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering or the College of Engineering FLOW CYTOMETRY SERIES - J. Paul Robinson, Cytometry Laboratories, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University Multimedia Flow Cytometry Courses - Flash, PPT & PDF (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from one of the "Flow Cytometry" Course Chapters include "...Introduction to Flow Cytometry; Fluorescence Quantitation; Flow Cytometry Theory; Light and Matter; Light and Fluorescence; Optical Systems; Detectors; Flow Systems and Hydrodynamics; etc..." For more information see the Cytometry Laboratories; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering or the College of Engineering Fluid Mixing FLUID MIXING COURSES, LECTURES, LESSONS, ANIMATIONS, SIMULATIONS, ETC. THE COLORFUL FLUID MIXING GALLERY (QUICKTIME) - A. Bakker Multimedia Computational Fluid Mixing Lessons (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY..EXTENSIVE. The Colorful Fluid Mixing Gallery "...The purpose of this site is to provide a gallery of colorful fluid mixing pictures, photos, videos, and an online book on mixing. This material has been created over the years, mostly through computer modeling, but also from experimental data. The main focus is mixing in industrial equipment, as used in the chemical and process industries..." Examples of "Computational Fluid Mixing" Lessons include "...Chemical Reaction Simulation; Fermenter; Helical Ribbon Impeller; Paper Pulp Mixing; HEV Static Mixer; Kenics Static Mixer; Asymmetric Blade Impeller; etc..." MODELING OF TURBULENCE IN STIRRED VESSELS USING LARGE EDDY SIMULATION (PDF) - A. Bakker Multimedia Computational Fluid Mixing - PDF, 19 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Modeling Of Turbulence In Stirred Vessels Using Large Eddy Simulation "...Prediction of mixing of multi-component fluids is important in many chemical process applications. Although laminar mixing is a complicated process per se, there is a far greater challenge in predicting the mixing in turbulent flows because of the intrinsic, chaotic nature of turbulent flows. In turbulent flows, large-scale eddies with coherent structures are mainly responsible for the mixing of passive scalars..." For more information see The Colorful Fluid Mixing Gallery FLOW MODELING SOLUTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL MIXING - Fluent Inc., ANSYS, Inc. Multimedia Flow Modeling Solutions for Industrial Mixing Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Fluent Inc. Food Chemistry FOOD CHEMISTRY RELATED CENTERS FOR MORE FOOD CHEMISTRY COURSES, DATABASES, ETC. SEE THE NUTRITION CENTER SOME EXAMPLES OF FOOD CHEMISTRY COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. FOOD CHEMISTRY (FDSC400) - John Coupland, Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Penn State University Multimedia Food Chemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Food Chemistry" Course Lectures include "...Kinetics; Water; Proteins; Dispersed Systems; Carbohydrates; Lipids; etc..." For more information see Food Chemistry Home Page or the Department of Food Science Examples of Spreadsheets include DVLO Potentials Calculator DVLO Theory "...can predict the interaction potential between droplets in an emulsion. The main adjustable parameters in the equation are the surface potential (related to the charge density on the surface of the droplet – increase by either adsorbing more protein or increasing the charge on the each protein,..." ADVANCED FOOD CHEMISTRY (FST 605) - L.E. Rodriguez-Saona, Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, Ohio State University Multimedia Advanced Food Chemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Advanced Food Chemistry" Course Lectures include "...Chemical Kinetics; Protein Structure; Protein Functionality; Denaturation; Protein Processing; Enzyme Kinetics; Carbohyrdates; Maillard; Lipid Oxidation; etc..." For more information see Food Chemistry Home Page; Food Chemistry Courses or the Department of Food Science & Technology FOOD CHEMISTRY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SPREADSHEETS (XLS) ESTIMATING THE PROBABILITY OF HIGH MICROBIAL COUNTS (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - M. Peleg, Department of Food Science, College of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA VERY EXTENSIVE. Microbial Counts Calculator "...estimates the probability of an unusually high microbial count from a past time series of fluctuating counts assuming the data in that series have a normal or lognormal distribution..." For more information see Micha Peleg's Home Page or the Department of Food Science MODELING MICROBIAL INACTIVATION, SURVIAL AND GROWTH (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - M. Peleg, Department of Food Science, College of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Microbial Inactivation, Survival and Growth Calculators include "...Real-time generation of microbial cells' survival curves during pasteurizaton; Real-time generation of bacterial spores' survival curves during sterilization; Real-time generation of microbial survival curves during disinfection with a volatile chemical agent; Generation of non-isothermal microbial growth curves having a long lag period (model A); Generation of non-isothermal microbial growth curves having a short lag period (model B)...." For more information see Micha Peleg's Home Page or the Department of Food Science Fume Hoods FUME HOOD CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FUME HOOD ENERGY CALCULATORS & APPLETS LABORATORY FUME HOOD ENERGY CALCULATOR - M. Siminovitch & E. Page, Lighting Systems Research Group, Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBL) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Fume Hood Energy Calculator - Fume Hood Calculator "..."...estimates annual fume hood energy use and costs for user-specified climates and assumptions about operation and equipment efficiencies..." For more information see Advanced Web-based Energy Analysis Tools & Energy Information; Environmental Energy Technologies Division or the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBL) Gas Laws (Ideal, Boyle's, Avagadro's, van der Waals, etc.) IDEAL GAS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COMPUTING THE EQUATION OF STATE FOR A GAS - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. Equation of State for a Gas Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Pressure; Density; Gas Constant; Temperature..." For more information see Interactive Media & Simulations or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. GAS LAWS (JAVA APPLETS) - D.N. Blauch, Department of Chemistry, Davidson College VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Laws Calculators & Lessons include "...Boyle's Law Calculator; Charles's Law Calculator; Avogadro's Law Calculator; Ideal Gas Law and the Gas Constant Calculator; Dalton's Law Calculator..." For more information see Chemistry Experiments and Exercises; David N. Blauch or the Department of Chemistry GASEOUS EXUATION OF STATE CALCULATOR - REAL AND IDEAL GAS LAW CALCULATOR - F.A. Senese, Department of Chemistry, Frostburg State University, Maryland VERY EXTENSIVE. Gaseous Equation of State Calculator "...Solve the ideal gas, van der Waals, and Dieterici equations of state for pressure, volume, temperature, or moles in a variety of convenient units..." Gaseous Equation of State Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Pressure; Volume; Temperature; Mole; Gas (Custom, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, H2, N2, O2, etc.) Gaseous Equation of State Calculator ouput values include: "...Solve the: Ideal Gas, van der Waals Gas; Dieterici Gas..." For more information see the Toolbox; General Chemistry Online; Department of Chemistry; Frederick A. Senese's Home Page or Frostburg State University IDEAL GAS CALCULATOR - Chemicool Ideal Gas Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Pressure; Volume; Number of Moles; Temperature..." For more information see Chemicool

Gas Mixtures, Gas Dynamics, etc.

Gas Conversions ~ Combustion Dynamics Gas Dynamics Gas Explosions ~ Gas Mixtures ~ Gas Saturation in Water Infra-Red Gas Radiation Natural Gas Compressibility Natural Gas Ignition ~ Thermal Gas-Phase Chemical Reactions Thermochemical: Gas-Phase Molecules

Gas Mixtures, Gas Dynamics, etc. Calculators & Applets GAS CONVERSION CALCULATORS & APPLETS GAS CALCULATOR - Linde Gas Division, Linde Group, Linde AG VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Calculator INPUT Values include Gas "...Oxygen; Nitrogen; Argon; Helium; Carbon Monoxide; Carbon Dioxide; Hydrogen; Methane; Acetylene; Propane..." and ONE of the Following: "...Norm cubic meter; Litre Liquid at 1,013 bar or Kilogram..." For more information see Products; Linde Gas Division or Linde AG COMBUSTION DYNAMICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COMBUSTION DYNAMICS (JAVA APPLETS) - S. Bhattacharjee, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, San Diego State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Combustion Dynamics "...Combustion is an exothermic violent reaction between fuels and oxidizers..." For more information see Thermodynamics Software - TEST-Map - The TEST Tree; Utility Applets; The Expert System for Thermodynamics; Thermofluids.net: The Expert System for Thermodynamics or the Department of Mechanical Engineering GAS DYNAMICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAS DYNAMICS CALCULATOR - R. Bonazza, Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Dynamics Calculators include: Gas Dynamics Calculator INPUT Values include: Select a Diven Gas "...Helium, Air, Argon, Neon, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Xenon, Sulfur Hexafluoride..." Mach Number; Pa; Initital Pressure; Driven Section; K; Initial Temperature, Driven Section; Select a Driver Gas "...Helium, Air, Argon, Neon, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Xenon, Sulfur Hexafluoride..." K; Initial Temperature; Driver Section. Gas Dynamics Calculator OUTPUT Values include: For State 1, 2, 4 or 5 "...Pressure, Temperature, Density, Sound of Speed, & Velocity..." MW; Specific Heat Ratio; Initial Wave Speed; Reflected Wave Speed; etc..." Gas Dynamics TIMING ISSUES Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Distance Between Pressure Transducers; Time Between Pressure Transducers; Distance Between Trigger Transducer and Window Centerline; etc..." Gas Dynamics TIMING ISSUES Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...Actual Mach Number; Estimated Delay Time for Shock; Estimated Delay Time for Membrane; etc..." Gas Dynamics BOOST TANK Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Volume of the Driver; Volume of the Boost Tank; Diaphragm Rupture Pressure; etc..." Gas Dynamics BOOST TANK Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...Pre-boost Driver Pressure; Post-boost Driver Pressure; etc..." For more information see the Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory; Riccardo Bonazza's Home Page; Research Centers and Facilities; Department of Engineering Physics or the College of Engineering GAS DYNAMICS CALCULATORS - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Dynamics Calculators include "...Isentropic Flow Calculator; Normal Shock Calculator; Rayleigh Flow Calculator; Fanno Flow Calculator..." For more information see Fluid Mechanics Laboratory or the College of Engineering GAS DYNAMICS TOOLBOX APPLET (CALCULATOR & GRAPH) - A. Alexeenko, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Dynamics Calculator is "...used to calculate the normal shock wave parameters and microscopic and macroscopic parameters..." Gas Dynamics Calculator includes Normal Shock Calculator & Flow Regime Calculator: Normal Shock Gas Dynamics Calculator INPUT Values includes: "...Number of Species; Species (H2O; CO2; N2; O2; etc.); Mole Fraction..." Normal Shock Gas Dynamics Calculator output values includes: "...Upstream Conditions & Downstream Conditions..." For more information see Alina Alexeenko's Home Page or Alina Alexeenko's Home Page at Purdue GAS EXPLOSIONS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAS EXPLOSIONS - Department of Physicsl Chemistry, National Institute Of Materials and Chemical Research (NIMC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan Multimedia Gas Explosions Database (Text & Images). In English & Japanese. Gas Explosion Database "...contains the systematically edited data for explosion hazards of gaseous materials; edited data consist of both original ones of NIMC and common ones..." Gas Explosion Hazards OUTPUT Values for each Chemical includes Chemical Formula; CAS; NIOSH; Molecular Weight; Specific Gravity; Boiling Point; Evapolation Heat; Heat of Combustion; Stoichiometric Mixture; Explosion Limit in Air Mixture; Ignition Temperature; Flashing Temperature; Maximum Burning Velocity; Adiabatic Flame Temperature in Stoichiometric Mixture; Ignition Energy of Stoichiometric Mixture; Minimum Ignition Energy; Quenching Distance of Stoichiometric Mixture; Minimum Quenching Distance; Relative Detonation Hazard; TLV-TWA; Mixing Hazard; Pyrolysate Gas; etc..." For more information see National Institute Of Materials and Chemical Research (NIMC); Research Information Data Base or the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) GAS MIXTURES CALCULATORS & APPLETS GAS MIXTURES TOOLS - D.S. Dandy, Materials Processing Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Colorado State University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Mixture Calculators "...compute a number of thermodynamic, thermophysical, and chemical kinetic properties associated with gas mixtures..." Gas Mixture Calculators include: "...Transport Property Evaluation Calculator; Chemical Equilibrium Calculator; Dimensionless Groups Calculator; Homogeneous Chemical Kinetics Calculator..." For more information see Materials Processing Program Examples of Gas Mixture Calculators include Transport Property Evaluation Transport Property Evaluation Calculator "...will calculate transport properties for gas mixtures of two or more species. Binary and mixture properties are computed for binary mixtures..." Chemical Equilibrium Calculation Chemical Equilibrium Calculator "...will calculate the chemical equilibrium state of an ideal gas mixture, subject to necessary constraints on two intrinsic variables. Depending on the constraint chosen, the calculation invokes STANJAN to minimize the derived property�Gibbs energy, Helmholz energy, internal energy, enthalpy�or maximize entropy for the user-supplied gas mixture..." GAS SATURATION IN WATER CALCULATORS & APPLETS GAS SATURATION IN WATER CALCULATORS - H. Bührer,Switzerland VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gases in the Gas Saturation in Water Calculators include: "...Hydrogen; Deuterium; Helium; Neon; Argon; Krypton; Xenon; 222Rn; Oxygen; Nitrogen; N2O; NO; CO; CO2; SO2; Chlorine; Cl2O; ClO2; Ethane; Propane; Butane; H2Se; H2S; CH4; etc..." For more information see Heinrich Bührer's Home Page Examples of Gas Saturation in Water Calculators include Oxygen Saturation Calculator Oxygen Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Oxygen; Altitude; Saturation Percentage..." Nitrogen Saturation Calculator Nitrogen Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Nitrogen; Altitude; Saturation Percentage..." Gas Saturation Calculator Gas Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Percentage of Gas (Hydrogen, Argon, etc.); Altitude; Saturation Percentage..."

INFRA-RED GAS RADIATION CALCULATORS & APPLETS INFRARED GAS RADIATION CALCULATORS & APPLETS INFRA-RED BAND RADIATION (JAVA APPLET) - S. Bhattacharjee, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, San Diego State University Infra-Red Band Radiation Calculator Calculates "...the total and band radiation from a column of CO2, CO or H2O using the wide-band exponential model..." For more information see Thermodynamics Software - TEST-Map - The TEST Tree; Utility Applets; The Expert System for Thermodynamics; Thermofluids.net: The Expert System for Thermodynamics or the Department of Mechanical Engineering NATURAL GAS COMPRESSIBILITY CALCULATORS & APPLETS NATURAL GAS COMPRESSIBILITY - The Gas Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Natural Gas Compressibility Calculator is "...an evaluation of natural gas compressibility factors and density (using AGA-8)..." Natural Gas Compressibility Calculator output values include: Compressibility Factor; Density; Mole Fractions for "...Methan; Nitrogen; Carbon dioxide; Ethane; Hydrogen sulfide; Hydrogen; Carbon monoxide; Oxygen; etc..." For more information see The Gas Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine NATURAL GAS IGNITION CALCULATORS & APPLETS REACTION RATE COEFFICIENTS - GRI-MECH - B. Serauskas, M. Frenklach, T. Bowman, G. Smith & B. Gardiner, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Reaction Rate Coefficients is "...an optimized detailed chemical reaction mechanism capable of the best representation of natural gas flames and ignition..." "...The reactions can be searched by REACTION NUMBERS, SPECIES NAMES, or KEYS..." For more information see the GRI MECH or the Department of Mechanical Engineering GRI-MECH - B. Serauskas, M. Frenklach, T. Bowman, G. Smith & B. Gardiner, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Natural Gas Ignition Calculator "...In general, the Natural Gas and Air menus can be thought of as two input streams; for example, you may enter the principal composition of the mixture as one of the streams and use the other to introduce additives..." For more information see GRI MECH or Department of Mechanical Engineering THERMAL GAS-PHASE CHEMICAL REACTIONS CALCULATORS & APPLETS CHEMICAL KINETICS DATABASE - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Chemical Kinetics Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Chemical Kinetics Database "...includes essentially all reported kinetics results for thermal gas-phase chemical reactions. The database is designed to be searched for kinetics data based on the specific reactants involved, for reactions resulting in specified products, for all the reactions of a particular species, or for various combinations of these..." Chemical Kinetics Database "...contains in excess of 38,000 separate reaction records for over 11,700 distinct reactant pairs..." For more information see NIST Online Scientific Databases or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) THERMOCHEMICAL CALCULATORS & APPLETS: GAS-PHASE MOLECULES COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY COMPARISON AND BENCHMARK DATABASE (CCCBDB) - CALCULATED DATA - Computational Chemistry Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Thermochemical Database (Text, Images, Calculations, etc...). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database contains "...experimental and computational thermochemical data for a selected set of 631 gas-phase molecules. Tools for comparing experimental and computational ideal-gas thermochemical properties..." Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Calculated Data includes: Geometric Calculated Data "...Cartesians, bond lengths and angles; Rotation and Moments of Inertia; Bond orders from AIM analysis; Point Group for a given molecule at different levels of theory; etc..." Vibrations Calculated Data "...Vibrational frequencies; Vibrational frequencies, intensities and reduced masses; Compare reduced masses for a given vibrational mode; Bad Vibrational Frequency calculations; etc..." Entropies Calculated Data Entropies and Integrated Heat Capacities at any temperature using calculated data; etc..." Energetics Calculated Data Energies in hartrees; Barriers to Internal Rotation; Nuclear repulsion Energies; etc..." Electrostatics Calculated Data Atomic charges; Electric dipole moments; Polarizabilities; etc..." Compare Calculations "...Compare calculated bond lengths bond lengths; Compare calculated vibrational intensities vibrations; Compare energy difference of a single point calculation; Calculated properties for several species; etc..." For more information see Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmarks Database; Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL); NIST Online Databases or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Geochemistry GEOCHEMISTRY RELATED CENTERS FOR MORE GEOCHEMISTRY COURSES, LECTURES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE GEOSCIENCE CENTER FOR MARINE GEOCHEMISTRY & OCEANOGRAPHY COURSES, LECTURES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE OCEANOGRAPHY GEOCHEMISTRY COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Undergraduate Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, etc. FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOCHEMISTRY - K.H. Rubin, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii Multimedia Fundamentals of Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Fundamentals of Geochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Thermodynamics and Chemical Reactions, Solubility, Mineral Solubility as Geo-Thermometer/Barometer; Weathering and Soil Formation; hydrologic cycle; Marine Chemistry and Chemical Cycles; Marine Sediments; Crust and Mantle evolution; etc..." For more information see Fundamentals of Geochemistry Home Page; Teaching; Kenneth H Rubin's Home Page or the Department of Geology and Geophysics INTRODUCTION TO GEOCHEMISTRY - Greg Druschel, Department of Geology, University of Vermont Multimedia Introduction to Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "26" "Introduction to Geochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Thermodynamics; Mineral Equilibrium; Acid-base Geochemistry; Carbonate Chemistry; Redox Geochemistry; Geomicrobiology; Chemistry of Natural Waters; Groundwater Geochemistry; Igneous Petrochemistry; Ore Geochemistry; Sorption; etc..." For more information see Courses; Greg Druschel's Home Page or the Department of Geology PRINCIPLES OF GEOCHEMISTRY - S.A. Wood, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Idaho Multimedia Principles of Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Principles of Geochemistry" Course Chapters include "...The Atmosphere and its Relationship to the Crust and the Hydrosphere; The Terrestrial Environment; Weathering; Radiogenic Isotopes and Geochronology; etc..." For more information see Principles of Geochemistry Home Page; Courses; Scott A. Wood's Home Page or the Department of Geological Sciences GEOCHEMISTRY OF NATURAL WATERS (REAL PLAYER) - S.A. Wood, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Idaho Multimedia Geochemistry of Natural Waters Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Natural Waters" Course Video Lectures include "...Mineral Weathering and Mineral Surface Processes Video Lecture; Mineral Weathering and Mineral Surface Processes Video Lecture; Redox Reactions and Processes Video Lecture; Structures, Properties, and Occurrence of Organic Compounds in Natural Waters Video Lecture; Biotransformation of Organic Compounds; etc..." For more information see Geochemistry of Natural Waters Home Page; Geology 578 Home Page; Courses; Scott A. Wood's Home Page or the Department of Geological Sciences CLAY MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY: GEOL4550/6550 - P.A. Schroeder, Department of Geology, University of Georgia Multimedia Clay Science Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Clay Science" Course Lectures include "...Theoretical X-ray powder diffraction; X-ray diffraction data processing; Hydrous layered silicates; Ionic radii and structural formula calculations; Associated mineral phases and their XRD identification; XRD identification of discrete clay minerals; Mixed-layer clays and their XRD identification; Quantitative XRD analysis of mineral mixtures; Reicprocal lattice, Electron diffraction; The geochemistry of clays; Equilibrium adsorption and ion exchange; Weathering reactions; etc..." For more information see Paul A. Schroeder's Home Page or the Department of Geology Isotope Geochemistry INTRODUCTION TO ISOTOPE CHEMISTRY - B. Jenkins, K. Casciotti & K. Sims, Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Multimedia Introduction to Isotope Chemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Introduction to Isotope Chemistry "...The objective of this course is to develop a quantitative and thorough understanding of isotope geochemistry, its systematics and its application to the study of earth systems and the oceans..." Examples of "Introduction to Isotope Chemistry" Course Lectures include Foundations and Origins "...Fundamentals: nuclear structure, nuclear stability, radioactive decay, and isotopes; Nucleosynthesis: the abundance of the elements and isotopes, where, when, and how they were made; Istopic constraints on the timing and mode of formation of the earth, its atmosphere and ocean..." Isotope Chemistry and Physics "...Basic physical chemistry of isotopes; Mass dependent and mass independent effects; Multicomponent mixing; etc..." Measurement Techniques "...Ion Traps Tutorial; SIMS Tutorial; Mass Analyzers Tutorial; etc..." Case Studies; etc. For more information see Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Department; Departments or the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution TRACE ELEMENT AND ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY - Cin-Ty A. Lee, Department of Earth Science, Rice Univeristy Multimedia Trace Element and Isotope Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). Trace Element and Isotope Geochemistry "...This course will introduce basic principles of trace-element and isotope geochemistry. The course will cover basic atomic and nuclear structure, radiaoactive decay equations, trace-element partitioning, stable isotope fractionations, and measurement techniques..." Examples of "Trace Element and Isotope Geochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Distribution and re-distribution of elements during chemical, petrological processes; Simple box models of melting, mixing; Implications for interpretation of mid-ocean ridge melting; Fractional crystallization; Interpretation of igneous rocks; Chemical differentiation of the Earth; Mantle geochemistry; Stable isotopes; Stable isotope in climate, paleo-oceanography; Stable isotope biogeochemistry; etc..." For more information see Cin-Ty A. Lee's Home Page or the Department of Earth Science Graduate Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, etc. GEOKEM: GEOCHEMISTRY OF IGNEOUS ROCKS - B.M. Gunn, Mew Zealand Multimedia Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks Lectures, Technical Reports, Databases, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks (GEOKEM)" Subject Categories include "...Oceanic Ridge Basalts (ORBs); Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc..." ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY - W.M. White, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University Multimedia Isotope Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Isotope Geochemistry" Course Sections & Lectures include Geochronology "...Basics of Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry; Geochronology I: The K-Ca-Ar system; Geochronology II: The K-Ar and Rb-Sr systems; Cosmogenic Isotopes in Geochronology; Fission Track Dating; etc..." Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry "...Isotope Cosmochemistry; The Mantle; Mantle Plumes; Subcontinental Lithosphere; The Continental Crust; Noble Gases and Evolution of the Atmosphere..." Stable Isotope Geochemistry "...Stable Isotope Theory: Equilibrium Fractionations; Kinetic Fractionations and the Hydrologic System; Biological Fractionations of Stable Isotopes; Hydrothermal Activity, Metamorphism and Ore Deposits; The Carbon Cycle, Isotopes, and Climate; etc..." For more information see Isotope Geochemistry (EAS 656) Home Page; Isotope Geochemistry (EAS 656) Home Page or the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences GEOCHEMISTRY DATABASES & GEOCHEMICAL MODELLING GEOCHEMICAL EARTH REFERENCE MODEL (GERM) - GERM, EarthRef.org Multimedia Geochemical Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geochemical Database includes: Geochemistry of the Earth Database "...contains summary data on the geochemistry of all reservoirs in the Earth..." Rocks and Minerals Database "...contains partition coefficient data for all types of rocks and minerals and for every element..." Other Reservoir Databases include: "...Halley Comet Tail; Coarse Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles; Interplanetary Dust Particles; etc..." For more information see EarthRef Databases; EarthRef.org GEOCHEMISTRY OF ROCKS OF THE OCEANS AND CONTINENTS (GEOROC) - Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für Chemie, Mainz, Germany Multimedia Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans & Continents Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans & Continents Database "...a global geochemical database containing published chemical and isotopic data as well as extensive "metadata" for rocks, minerals and melt/fluid inclusions..." For more information see Geochemistry Division or the Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für Chemie GEOKEM: GEOCHEMISTRY OF IGNEOUS ROCKS - B.M. Gunn, Mew Zealand Multimedia Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks Lectures, Technical Reports, Databases, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks (GEOKEM)" Subject Categories include "...Oceanic Ridge Basalts (ORBs); Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc..." GEOCHEMISTRY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS Cosmogenic Isotopes Calculators CRONUS-EARTH ONLINE CALCULATORS - COSMOGENIC ISOTOPES CALCULATORS - Greg Balco, Cosmogenic Isotope Laboratory, Quanternary Research Center & the Analytical Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Washington VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmogenic Isotopes Calculators include Beryllium-10/Aluminium-26 Exposure Age Calculator: "...calculating an exposure age when erosion rate is known independently..." Beryllium-10/Aluminium-26 Surface Erosion Rate Calculator: "...calculating the surface erosion rate under the assumption that the erosion rate has been constant long enough for several meters of rock to have been removed..." Geometric Shielding Calculator: "...For correcting the production rate at a site that is partially shielded from the cosmic-ray flux, either by the surrounding topography or by a nominally infinite dipping..." For more information see the Cosmogenic Isotope Laboratory; Quaternary Research Center; Analytical Geochemistry Research Group or the Department of Earth and Space Sciences Radioactivity of Minerals Calculators FOR MORE RADIATION, RADIOACTIVITY CALCULATORS, DATABASES, ETC. SEE RADIATION - RADIOACTIVITY RADIOACTIVITY OF MINERALS - Mineralogy Database, D. Barthelmy Multimedia Radioactivity of Minerals Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Radioactivity of Minerals Database includes for each Mineral "...Estimated Radioactive Strength (ERS); Calculated Activity: Becquerel/kilogram; Calculated Activity: Curie/gram; Estimate Activity: GR(api); Estimate Activity: mRem/hr per gram..." For more information see Mineralogy Database Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems FOR MORE URANIUM CALCULATORS, DATABASES, ETC. SEE RADIATION - RADIOACTIVITY USERCALC: URANIUM SERIES CALCULATOR FOR MAGMA MIGRATION PROBLEMS - Mark Spiegelman, Division of Seismology, Geology, and Tectonophysics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), The Earth Institute, Columbia University, & a Joint Appointment with the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems "...calculates the concentrations and activity ratios for the two parallel Uranium Series decay chains 238U->230Th->226Ra and 235U->231Pa in a one dimensional upwelling and melting column..." The purpose of the site is to provide a tool that can spur additional collaborations between geophysicists and geochemists as well as drive more rapid exploration/evolution of U-series models..." Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems includes "...1-D Column Models Calculator; Contour Plots Calculator; Spreadsheet Calculator..." For more information see Mark Spiegelman's Home Page; Division of Seismology, Geology, and Tectonophysics or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) Glassblowing GLASSBLOWING COURSES, LECTURES, VIDEOS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, ETC. SCIENTIFIC GLASSBLOWING BASICS - J. Walas, East Carolina University Glassblowing Services, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina Multimedia Glassblowing Course (Text, Images & Demonstrations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Scientific Glassblowing Course "...The intent of this basic course of instruction is not to make you an accomplished professional glassblower. It is designed to give you experience in performing a series of basic glassblowing seals that can be used in the fabrication and repair of simple to complex glass apparatus and glass systems..." Examples of "Glassblowing" Course Subject Categories include "...Equipment, Material, Tools and Terminology; Glassblowers Bench; Oxygen and Fuel Gas Systems; Burners and Torches; Cutting Glass; Fire Polishing Annealing; Butt Seals; Bends; Repairs; Ring Seals; Vacuum Seals; etc..." For more information see East Carolina University Glassblowing Services GLASSBLOWING DATA & TABLES - J. Walas, East Carolina University Glassblowing Services, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina Multimedia Glassblowing Data & Tables (Text & Images). Examples of "Glassblowing Data & Tables" Subject Categories include "...Ceramic to Borosilicate; Cylindrical Volumes; Glass to Metal; Glass Frit; Physical Properties; Quartz to Tungsten; etc..." For more information see East Carolina University Glassblowing Services THE GLASSWARE GALLERY - R. Toreki, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, and hosted by Interactive Learning Paradigms Incorporated (ILPI) Multimedia Glassware Lessons (Text, Images & Demonstrations). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Glassware Gallery "...In the Glassware Gallery you will find drawings and descriptions of the glassware and equipment that you might encounter in a synthetic Inorganic (or Organic) laboratory..." Glassware Subject Categories include "...Ball Mills; Bubblers; Cannulas; Fritted Funnels; Schlenk Flasks; Furnaces (tube and box); Gas Regulators; Glove Boxes; Heating Sources; Joints; Mortars and Pestles; etc..." For more information see Chemistry 450G Home Page; Chemistry Course Listings or the Department of Chemistry GLASSBLOWING PHOTOS & VIDEOS (QUICKTIME) - Glassblower Multimedia Glassblowing Lessons (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Glassblowing Photos & Videos includes Over "100" Videos on Glassblowing Techniques; Photographic Glossary of the Glassblower "... Air Hose; Annealer; Batch; Bench; Bench Rollers; Blocks; Blowpipe; Diamond Marver; Diamond Shears; Dichroic; Ferritti; Frax; etc..." Glassblowing Tools; etc. For more information see Glassblower Graphing GRAPHING/PLOTTING CALCULATORS & APPLETS RELATED CENTERS FOR GRAPHING CALCULATORS & APPLETS SEE GRAPHING, GRAPHERS, PLOTTERS, PLOTTING CALCULATORS H2 Molecule H2 CALCULATORS & APPLETS CALCULATION ON THE H2 MOLECULE USING A SUBMINIMAL FSGO BASIS SET - D. Mosley, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Belgium H2 Molecule Calculator "...Here, we study the H2 molecule using a single FSGO (Floating Spherical Gaussian Orbitals)...you can specify the internuclear distance, an initial guess for the orbital exponent, and the displacement of the orbital from..." For more information see Chemical Java and JavaScript Index or the Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Belgium H2O2 H2O2 CALCULATORS & APPLETS H2O2 CALCULATOR - Southland Environmental, H2O2.com VERY EXTENSIVE. H2O2 Calculator "...This section is designed to assist prospective users of Hydrogen Peroxide with developing preliminary estimates of their H2O2 requirements..." H2O2 Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Reactant (Hydrogen Sulfide, Neutral pH; Hydrogen Sulfide, Alkaline pH; Thiosulfate, Neutral-acid pH; etc.); Reactant Concentration; Waste Flow..." For more information see H2O2.com

Water Chemistry - H₂ O

Water Chemistry Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, etc. USGS Water Applications Software Alkalinity Boiling Point ~ Fugacity of Pure Water ~ Gas Saturation in Water Liquid Tank Heating ~ Properties of Water & Steam Speed of Sound in Pure Water Sea Water ~ Trilinear Plots for Water Chemistry Water Vapor Pressure

Water Chemistry Courses, Textbooks, Calculators, Spreadsheets (xls), etc. H2O Calculators, Applets, Animations, Simulations, Spreadsheets (xls), etc. WATER CHEMISTRY COURSES, WATER CHEMISTRY TEXTBOOKS, WATER CHEMISTRY LECTURES, ETC AQUATIC CHEMISTRY COURSES, AQUATIC CHEMISTRY TEXTBOOKS, AQUATIC CHEMISTRY LECTURES, ETC. FOR MORE WATER CHEMISTRY INCLUDING RAINFALL, DRAINAGE, EROSION, ET, GROUND WATER, WATER RUNOFF DATABASES, CALCULATORS, COURSES, ETC. SEE AGRICULTURE: SECTION I: WATER FOR MORE WATER CHEMISTRY CALCULATORS, DATABASES, COURSES, ETC. RELATED TO ENGINEERING INCLUDING WATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENT, GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING, CIVIL ENGINEERING (HYDROLOGY, GROUNDWATER, ETC.), ETC. SEE THE ENGINEERING CENTER WATER STRUCTURE AND SCIENCE - Martin Chaplin, Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Built Environment, London South Bank University Multimedia Water Structure and Science Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Water Structure and Science "...Water is the most studied material on Earth but it is remarkable to find that its behavior and function are so poorly understood (or even ignored), not only by people in general, but also by scientists working with it everyday. The small size of its molecule belies the complexity of its actions and its singular capabilities. Liquid water's unique properties and chameleonic nature seem to fit ideally into the requirements for life as can no other molecule..." Examples of "Water Structure and Science" Course Chapters & Subchapters include The Water Molecule "...The structure of the water molecule; Hydrogen bonding in water; The Phase Diagram of water; Water at interfaces; Properties of water and heavy water; etc..." Water Clustering in Liquid Water "...Introduction to water clustering; Evidence for icosahedral water clusters; etc..." Hydration Protein hydration and denaturation; Nucleic acid hydration; Sugar hydration; Polysaccharide hydration; Ion hydration; Kosmotropes and chaotropes; etc..." For more information see Martin Chaplin's Home Page or the Department of Applied Science HOW TO COLLECT AND SEE THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY THAT FIXES IRON AND MAGANESE IN THE NATURALY ENVIRONMENT - Author: J. Watson and hosted by the U.S. Geological Survery, Department of Interior Multimedia Water Chemistry Lessons (Text & Images). How to Collect & See the Microbial Community That Fixes Iron & Maganese in the Natural Environment "...Collecting the bacteria and viewing them through a microscope is one way to tell important differences in the water chemistry from one site to the next..." How to Collect & See the Microbial Community That Fixes Iron & Maganese in the Natural Environment Subject Categories include "...Collection Techniques; How To Collect Slimy Flocculates; How To Collect Oil-Like Films; How To Collect Bacteria that will Attach to Slides; Viewing Tehniques through a Microscope; Tools Needed; etc..." For more information see The Learning Web, U.S. Geological Survery USGS WATER APPICATIONS SOFTWARE USGS WATER APPICATIONS SOFTWARE - U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia USGS Water Applications Software (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. USGS Water Applications Software Subject Categories include "...General Use Water Software; Water Quality and Chemistry Software; Ground Water Software; Statistics & Graphics Software; Surface Water Software..." For more information see the USGS Water Recources of the United States or the U.S. Geological Survey ALKALINITY CALCULATORS & APPLETS ALKALINITY CALCULATOR - S. Rounds, Water Resources of Oregon, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Alkalinity Calculator "...will analyze the titration curve and calculate the alkalinity or acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of your sample using one or more of several different methods, including: Inflection point method; Fixed endpoint method; Theoretical carbonate titration curve method 1 & 2; Gran function plot method; Calculation of alkalinity, hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate..." For more information see Water Resources of Oregon, USGS ALKALINITY CALCULATOR (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, NC State University and North Carolina A&T State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Alkalinity Calculator "...allows growers to calculate the amount of acid to inject to neutralize alkalinty in irrigation water. Users can select either an endpoint pH or endpoint alkalinity concentration. The spreadsheet gives..." For more information see Commercial Floriculture Software; Floriculture; Horticulture or the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service GRAN PLOT SPREADSHEET: MEASURING ALKALINITY (GRAN PLOT TECHNIQUE) (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Water Industry Operators Association (WIOA), Shepparton, Victoria, Australia Gran Plot Measuring Alkalinity using the Gran Plot Technique Calculator. For more information see Operator Resources or the Water Industry Operators Association (WIOA) BOILING POINT CALCULATORS & APPLETS HOW DO BOILING POINTS CHANGE WITH PRESSURE? (JAVA APPLET) - J.M. Goodman, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University Boiling Point Calculator (The Variation of Boiling Point with Pressure Calculator) INPUT Values include: "...Initial Pressure; Initial Temperature; New Pressure; etc..." For more information see Magnus: Chemical Calculations in Java; Tools; Goodman Group; Jonathan M. Goodman's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry FUGACITY CALCULATORS & APPLETS FUGACITY CALCULATOR: THE PITZER AND STERNER EQUATION OF STATE FOR WATER - T. Withers, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Newton Horace Winchell School of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota Fugacity Calculator determines "...the molar volume and fugacity of pure water from the Pitzer and Sterner (1994) equation of state. The Dekker method is employed to solve numerically for volume as a function of pressure and temperature..." For more information see Tony Withers Home Page or the Department of Geology and Geophysics GAS SATURATION IN WATER CALCULATORS & APPLETS GAS SATURATION IN WATER CALCULATORS - H. Bührer,Switzerland VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gases in the Gas Saturation in Water Calculators include: "...Hydrogen; Deuterium; Helium; Neon; Argon; Krypton; Xenon; 222Rn; Oxygen; Nitrogen; N2O; NO; CO; CO2; SO2; Chlorine; Cl2O; ClO2; Ethane; Propane; Butane; H2Se; H2S; CH4; etc..." For more information see Heinrich Bührer's Home Page Examples of Gas Saturation in Water Calculators include Oxygen Saturation Calculator Oxygen Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Oxygen; Altitude; Saturation Percentage..." Nitrogen Saturation Calculator Nitrogen Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Nitrogen; Altitude; Saturation Percentage..." Gas Saturation Calculator Gas Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Percentage of Gas (Hydrogen, Argon, etc.); Altitude; Saturation Percentage..." LIQUID TANK HEATING CALCULATORS & APPLETS KW LIQUID TANK HEATING - CALCULATOR - Thermal Equipment Sales Co. Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Liquid Tank Heating Calculator Determines "...kW required to raise the temperature of any Liquid,..." Liquid Tank Heating Calculator INPUT Values include: Tank Type "...Rectangular Tank; Cylindrical Tank or Cone Shaped Tank); Tank Height, Width & Depth..." Type of Liquid "...Water; Acetic Acid; Alcohol; Benzine; Brine; Freon 12; Clycerine; Mercury; Nalk; Nitric Acid; Oil - Cottonseed, Machine, Olive; Petroleum; Potassium; etc..." Start-up Temperature; Design Temperature; etc. For more information see Online Calculators or Thermal Equipment Sales Co. Inc. PROPERTIES OF WATER AND STEAM CALCULATORS & APPLETS PROPERTIES OF WATER AND STEAM (WEBMATHEMATICA) - B.G. Higgins, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Properties of Water and Steam Calculator "...allows you to determine the thermodynamic properties of steam. It uses the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam..." Properties of Water & Steam Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Pressure..." Properties of Water & Steam Properties Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...Enthalpy; Internal Energy; Entropy; Specific Volume; Density; Isobaric Heat Capacity; etc..." For more information see webMathematica in Chemical Engineering; Brian G. Higgins' Home Page or the Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM (WEBMATHEMATICA) - B.G. Higgins, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Steam Calculator "...allows you to determine the thermodynamic properties of saturated steam. It uses the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam..." Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Steam Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Saturation Temperature (T) or Saturation Pressure (P); Units (SI or English)..." Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Steam Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...Steam Saturation Curve (P vs. T); Steam Property; Value; Units..." For more information see webMathematica in Chemical Engineering; Brian G. Higgins' Home Page or the Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID SYSTEMS (JAVA APPLETS) - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems Calculator INPUT Values include: Species of Interest "...Water; Nitrogen; Hydrogen; Parahydrogen; Deuterium; Oxygen, Fluorine; Carbon monoxide; Carbon dioxide; Dinitrogen Monoxide; Deuterium oxide; Methanol; Methane; Ethane; Ethene; Propane; Propene; Propyne; Cyclopropane; Butane; etc..." Units "...Temperature; Pressure; Denstiy; Energy; Velocity; Viscosity; Surface Tension..." Type of Data "...Isothermal Properties; Isobaric Properties; Isochoric Properties; Saturation Properties..." Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems Calculator OUTPUT values include: Fluid Data; Auxiliary Data "...Internal Energy; Entropy; Critical Temperature; Critical Pressure; Critical Density; Acentric Factor; Normal Boiling Point; Dipole Moment..." etc. For more information see Chemistry WebBook; NIST WebBook; NIST Online Scientific Databases or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

PURE WATER CALCULATORS & APPLETS SPEED OF SOUND IN PURE WATER CALCULATORS & APPLETS SPEED OF SOUND IN PURE WATER - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Speed of Sound in Pure Water Calculators include: (1) Bilaniuk and Wong Equations for Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature only Calculator; (2) Marczak Equation for Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature only Calculator; (3) Lubbers and Graaff's Simplified Equations for Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature only Calculator; (4) Belogol'skii, Sekoyan et al Equations for Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature and Pressure Calculator For more information see Acoustics Technical Guides; Acoustics; Science & Technology or the National Physical Laboratory SEA WATER CALCULATORS & APPLETS A SEA WATER EQUATION OF STATE CALCULATOR - R. Chapman, Ocean Remote Sensing Group, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Sea Water Equation of State Calculator "...will allow you to compute the UNESCO International Equation of State (IES 80) as described in Fofonoff..." Sea Water Equation of State Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Depth; Pressure; Temperature; Conductivity; Salinity; Density..." For more information see Ocean Remote Sensing Group OCEANIC CALCULATOR - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Oceanic Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Salinity; Pressure..." Oceanic Calculator OUTPUT values include: Salinity Chemical Properties "...Boron; Bromine; Calcium; etc..." Physicsl Properties "...Activity of Water; Boiling Point; Freezing Point; Specific Alkalinity; etc..." Temperature & Salinity Chemical Properties "...Dissolved Argon; Dissolved Carbon Dioxide; Dissolved Methane; etc..." Physical Properties "...Enthalpy; Heat Capacity; Osmotic Pressure; etc..." Temperature, Salinity & Pressure Chemical Properties "...Borate pK; Carbonate pK1; Calcite pKsp; etc..." Physical Properties "...Adiabatic Gradient; Adiabatic Temperature; Specific Heat; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc.; Pat Wilde's Home Page #2 or Pat Wilde's Home Page #1 OCEANIC CALCULATOR II: CONSERVATIVE, NUTRIENT AND REDOX RELATED ELEMENTS IN SEA WATER - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Oceanic Calculator II INPUT Values include: "...Salinity; Phosphate; Silicate; Oxygen..." Oceanic Calculator II OUTPUT values include amounts in Sea Water for the following: "...Lithium; Sodium; Potassium; Rubidium; Cesium; Beryllium; Magnesium; Calcium; Strontium; Barium; Zirconium; Titanium; Vanadium; Molybendum; Chromium; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc.; Pat Wilde's Home Page #2 or Pat Wilde's Home Page #1 OCEANIC CALCULATOR III: OCEANIC VELOCITY FROM STATION DATA CALCULATOR - HELLAND-HANSEN EQUATION - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. "...'Mean' velocity with depth between two hydrographic stations making the depth of no motion assumption and applying the Helland-Hansen equation..." Oceanic Calculator III INPUT Values include: "...Latitude f; f*1e=4; Separtation A-B..." Oceanic Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Station A values; Station B Values; Depth; dp; Mean d; Md*dp; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc.; Pat Wilde's Home Page #2 or Pat Wilde's Home Page #1 OCEANIC VERTICAL REDOX CALCULATOR - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Oceanic Vertical Redox "...Dissolved Oxygen with depth for Glacial, Inter-Glacial, and Non-Glacial climates. Surface and Deep water D.O and temperature as well as pycnocline thickness variable..." Oceanic Vertical Redox Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Desired Values of Dissolved Oxygen in mL/L for the Mixed Layer (Surface) and for the Deep Layer; Depth; Climate: Glacial; Pre-Post Glacial or Non Glacial; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc.; Pat Wilde's Home Page #2 or Pat Wilde's Home Page #1 OCEANOGRAPHIC UTILITIES - M. Tomczak, Earth Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Oceanographic Calculators & Graphing Applets include: Density from Temperature, Salinity and Pressure Calculator; Sound speed from Temperature, Salinity and Pressure Calculator; Potential Temperature from In-situ Temperature and Pressure Calculator; Freezing Point of Seawater Calculator; Salinity from Conductivity Ratio Calculator; Salinity from Conductivity, Temperature and Pressure Calculator; Coriolis Frequency Calculator; Distance between Two Positions Calculator; Potential Temperature, Potential Density and Brunt-Väisälä Frequency Calculator with Graphs; Geostrophic Current and Volume Transport Calculator with Graphs; Ocean Currents Calculator with Graphs; Wind and Calculating Wind Stress Data Calculator with Graphs; Co-oscillation Tides and Seiches in Narrow Gulfs and Basins Calculator with Graphs; Designing a Station Plan for an Oceanographic Research Voyage Calculator with Graphs; For more information see An Introduction to Physical Oceanography or Matthias Tomczak's Website Some examples from over "15" Oceanographic Calculators & Graphing Applets include Sound Speed Calculator Sound Speed Calculator "...solves the Equation of State of Seawater..." Freezing Point Calculator Freezing Point Calculator "...determines the freezing point of seawater..." Graphing Utility for Geostrophic Currents Graphing Utility for Geostrophic Currents "...calculates and plots the geostrophic current and volume transport between two hydrographic (CTD) stations, relative to the deepest observation..." Graphing Utility for Ocean Currents Graphing Utility for Ocean Currents "...plots self-generated or imported ocean current data in a variety of graphic representations..." PROPERTIES OF SEAWATER CALCULATOR - D. Kelley, Physical Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada For more information see Some Properties of Seawater or Dan Kelley's Home Page Other Examples Seawater Calculators include UNESCO equation of state (density in terms of Salinity, Temperature and Pressure) Water properties (in-situ density, and potential temperature) CALCULATION OF ABSORPTION OF SOUND IN SEAWATER - CALCULATOR - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Absorption of Sound in Seawater Calculator "...The absorption of sound in seawater forms part of the total transmission loss of sound from a source to a receiver. It depends on the seawater properties, such as temperature, salinity and acidity as well as the frequency of the sound. The details of the underlying physics of absorption are quite complex. Note that the absorption causes only part of the transmission loss. Usually, the major contribution to transmission loss is the spreading of the acoustic wave as it propagates away from the source..." Absorption of Sound in Seawater Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Frequency; Temperature; Depth; Salinity; Acidity..." For more information see Acoustics Technical Guides; Acoustics; Science & Technology or the National Physical Laboratory SPEED OF SOUND IN SEA-WATER - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculators include: "...4 Interactive Versions for Speed of Sound; 2 Interactive Versions for Pressure or Depth..." For more information see Acoustics Technical Guides; Acoustics; Science & Technology or the National Physical Laboratory Some examples of Speed of Sound in Sea-Water or Pressure or Depth Calculators include Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: The International Standard Algorithm (UNESCO equation): Chen and Millero Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Del Grosso's equation: Wong and Zhu (An alternative equation to the UNESCO algorithm) Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Mackenzie Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Coppens Presure to Depth in Sea-Water Calculator: Leroy and Parthiot TRILINEAR PLOTS FOR WATER CHEMISTRY CALCULATORS & APPLETS TRILINEAR PLOT: TRILINEAR PLOTS FOR WATER CHEMISTRY (JAVA APPLET) - Albatross Consulting Pty. Ltd., Victoria, Australia Trilinear Plots for Water Chemistry "...is useful for creating the kind of trilinear plots used in hydrological analysis. Data can be entered in PPM or MEq, and..." For more information see Albatross Consulting WATER VAPOR PRESSURE/OXYGEN SOLUBILITY CALCULATORS & APPLETS WATER VAPOR PRESSURE - OXYGEN SOLUBILITY CALCULATOR - F.A. Senese, Department of Chemistry, Frostburg State University, Maryland For more information see Toolbox; General Chemistry Online; Department of Chemistry; Frederick A. Senese's Home Page or Frostburg State University

Helium HELIUM CALCULATORS & APPLETS DOUBLE-ZETA CALCULATION OF THE GROUND (1s)2 OF THE HELIUM ATOM (JAVA SCRIPT) - D. Mosley, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Belgium VERY EXTENSIVE. Helium Calculator "...we illustrate the use of JavaScript in a simple quantum chemical application, the SCF-LCAO calculation of the ground (1s)2 state of the helium atom in a double zeta basis of Slater-type orbitals, which illustrates, nevertheless, the full conceptual complexity of an SCF calculation..." For more information see Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Belgium HELIUM 3 CALCULATORS & APPLETS HELIUM 3 CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - T. Haard, Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Helium 3 Calculator is "...based on the complete thermodynamic information in zero magnetic field calculated from D.S. Greywall..." Helium 3 Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Pressure Fixed or Range; Field Fixed or Range; etc..." For more information see Low Temperature Lab THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF NORMAL LIQUID HELIUM 3 (JAVA APPLET) - M. Kollar, Theoretical Physics III, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Germany VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Thermodynamic Properties of Normal Liquid Helium 3 Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Pressure; Volume; etc..." For more information see Helium3Kalkulator Heterocyclic Chemistry HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. SHORT COURSE ON HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY - A.R. Katritzky, Organic Division, Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida Multimedia Short Course on Heterocyclic Chemistry - PDF, 40 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Short Course on Heterocyclic Chemistry" Subject Categories include "...Introduction; Reactivity of Heteroaromatic Compounds; Electrophilic Attack at Ring Nitrogen; Electrophilic Attack at Ring Carbon Atoms; etc..." For more information see Benzotriazole Chemistry; Katritzky Group or the Department of Chemistry HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY - Phil Baran, Department of Chemistry, California Campus, The Scripps Research Institute Multimedia Heterocyclic Chemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "23" "Heterocyclic Chemistry" Course Lectures include "...Pyrroles; Pyrroles, Furans & Thiophenes; Indoles; Pyridines; Pyryliums & Pyrones; Benzodiazepines; Heterocyclic Potpourri; etc..." For more information see The Baran Laboratory; Department of Chemistry or the The Scripps Research Institute Hydrocarbon Chemistry HYDROCARBON CHEMISTRY COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. HYDROCARBON CHEMISTRY - SECOND EDITION - Authors: George A. Olah and Árpád Molnár, Publisher: Wiley Interscience, New York, 2003; Hosted by Google Books Multimedia Hydrocarbon Chemistry Textbook - 843 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Hydrocarbon Chemistry" Textbook Chapters, Subchapters & Sub-subchapters include General Aspects "...Hydrocarbon Sources and Separation; Petroleum Refining and Upgrading; Hydrocarbon Synthesis; etc..." Hydrocarbon from Petroleum and Natural Gas "...Cracking; Reforming; Dehydrogenation with Olefin Production; Aromatics Production; etc..." Isomerization "...Metal-Catalyzed Isomerization; Pericyclic Rearrangements; etc..." Alkylation Acid-Catalyzed Alkylation Alkylation of Alkanes with Alkenes; Alkylation of Alkenes with Alkynes; Alkylation of Aromatics; Base-Catalyzed Alkylation; Alkylation through Organometallics; etc..." Addition "...Hydration; HX addition; etc..." Oxidation - Oxygenation; Heterosubsitution; Methathesis; Oligomerization and Polymerization; etc..." For more information see George A. Olah's Home Page; Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute; College of Chemistry or University of Southern California (USC) Inorganic Chemistry INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COURSES, TEXTBOOKS & LECTURES INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - R.D. Hancock, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, North Carolina Multimedia Inorganic Chemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "20" "Inorganic Chemistry" Course Lectures include "...Lecture 4: Molecular Orbital Theory of Diatomic Molecules; Lecture 12: Hard and Soft Acids and Bases; Lecture 17: Jahn-Teller Distortion and Coordination Number Four; etc..." For more information see Inorganic Chemistry Home Page; Courses; R.D. Hancock's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry INTERMEDIATE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Bill Euler, Department of Chemistry, Rhode Island University Multimedia Intermediate Inorganic Chemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "25" "Intermediate Inorganic Chemistry" Course Lectures include "...Hydrogenic Wavefunctions; Lewis Structures; Molecular Orbital Diagrams for homonuclear diatomics, heteronuclear diatomics & polyatomic molecules; Born Haber Cycles; Metallic Bonding; Thermodynamic Aspects of Lewis Acid/Base Reactions; Physical Techniques Used in Inorganic Chemistry; Introduction to Transition Metal Chemistry; Nomenclature of Transition Metal Compounds; Valence Bond Theory for Transition Metal Complexes; etc..." For more information see Inorganic Chemistry 401 Home Page or the Department of Chemistry INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS & EXPERIMENTS VIRTUAL CHEMISTRY (FLASH & QUICKTIME) - Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, U.K. Multimedia Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Chemistry Lecture Demonstrations & Chemistry Laboratory Video Demonstrations & Experiments Subject Categories include: LiveChem "...An online video library of transition metal salt reaction. Nearly 300 videos for students to watch and learn from. Fully interactive Flash environment, etc..." Interactive Organic Mechanisms Video Demonstrations "...helps chemistry students get to grips with drawing curly arrows as a form of mechanism representation, and give practice in the form of simple example mechanisms..." Metal Ions in Solution Video Demonstrations "...The aim of this experiment is to teach you something of the aqueous chemistry of common metal ions belonging..." Named Organic Mechanism Video Demonstrations "...An interactive arrow pushing website which allows students to do some named organic reactions step by step, etc..." Nickel(II) Complexes Video Demonstrations; Simple Inorganic Solids Video Demonstrations; VSEPR Video Demonstrations; Symmetry Video Demonstrations; etc..." For more information see the Department of Chemistry Ketones SYNTHESIS OF KETONES CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS THE SYNTHESIS OF KETONES (SHOCKWAVE) - Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, U.K. Multimedia Synthesis of Ketones Lessons (Text, Images, Animations & Simulations). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Synthesis of Ketones "...is an interactive tutorial on b-ketoesters, the mechanism of formation and the use in producing ketones..." Examples of "Synthesis of Ketones" Lessons include "...Claisen Reaction; Dieckmann Reaction; Reversibility; Decarboxylation; Retrosynthesis; Reagents; etc..." For more information see the Virtual Chemistry or the Department of Chemistry

Kinetics & Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Kinetics Courses & Lectures Chemical Kinetics Databases & Software Chemical Kinetics Kinetics Plot/Graphing ~ Kinetics Simulators Kinetic Theory Kinetic Resolution ~ Kinetics Sequential Reactions Arrhenius Equation ~ Eyring Equation ~ Michaelis-Menten Equation Radiolabeling Kinetics

Kinetics & Chemical Kinetics Calculators & Applets CHEMICAL KINETICS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS & LECTURES APPLIED CHEMICAL KINETICS - M.T. Swihart, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Buffalo, New York Multimedia Applied Chemical Kinetics Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "25" "Applied Chemical Kinetics" Course Lectures include "...Matrix notation for reactions and rate equations; Classical matrix methods for systems of 1st order reactions; Numerical Methods for Integrating Rate Equations; Potential Energy Surfaces; Transition State Theory; Reactions in Liquids; Batch and Semi-Batch Reactors; Residence Time Distributions and Modeling Non-Ideal Reactors; Fixed-Bed Catalytic Reactors; etc..." For more information see Applied Chemical Kinetics (Chemical Engineering 561) Home Page; Teaching; Mark T. Swihart's Home Page; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering or the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences CHEMICAL KINETICS DATABASES & SOFTWARE Chemical Kinetics Software CHEMICAL KINETICS SIMULATION - Authors: W.D. Hinsberg & F.A. Houle, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California Multimedia Chemical Kinetics Simulation (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Click on "Download a copy of Chemical Kinetics Simulator" located on the right side of the page. Chemical Kinetics Simulation "...provides the bench scientist with an easy-to-use, rapid, interactive method for the accurate simulation of chemical reactions. CKS is completely self-contained, and requires no programming or extensive user training..." For more information see the Computational Chemistry & Biology; Science & Technology or the IBM Almaden Research Center Chemical Kinetics Databases CHEMICAL KINETICS DATABASE - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Chemical Kinetics Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Chemical Kinetics Database "...includes essentially all reported kinetics results for thermal gas-phase chemical reactions. The database is designed to be searched for kinetics data based on the specific reactants involved, for reactions resulting in specified products, for all the reactions of a particular species, or for various combinations of these..." Chemical Kinetics Database "...contains in excess of 38,000 separate reaction records for over 11,700 distinct reactant pairs..." For more information see NIST Online Scientific Databases or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) CHEMICAL KINETICS DATABASE ON OXYGENATED VOC'S GAS-PHASE REACTIONS - Institut de Combustion Aérothermique Réactivité et Environment (ICARE), CNRS, Orléans, France Multimedia Chemical Kinetics Database on Oxygenated VOC's Gas Phase Reactions (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Chemical Kinetics Database on Oxygenated VOC's Gas Phase Reactions includes "...Saturated Oxygenates Compounds; Unsaturated Oxygenates Compounds; Nitrogen Containing Oxygenates Compounds; etc..." For more information see Institut de Combustion Aérothermique Réactivité et Environment (ICARE) EVALUATED KINETIC DATA - IUPAC Subcommittee for Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Multimedia Kinetic Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Evaluated Kinetic Data "...provides kinetic and photochemical data evaluated by the IUPAC Subcommittee for Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation..." Evaluated Kinetic Databases include Data sheets for gas-phase reactions of Ox, HOx, NOx, SOx, organic, halogenated inorganic and halogenated organic species; Data sheets for photolysis reactions of Ox, HOx, NOx, SOx and organic species; Data sheets for hetereogeneous reactions on solids; Data sheets for hetereogeneous reactions on liquids..." For more information see International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) NDRL/NIST SOLUTION KINETICS DATABASE - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Solutions Kinetics Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. NDRL/NIST Solution Kinetics Database "...presently contains 23,675 distinct records with a total of 29,141 rate constants..." "...Enter the reactant(s), product(s), and/or solvent(s) in the fields below. Compounds may be entered by formula, name, or CAS number..." For more information see Chemical Kinetics Database on the Web; NIST Physics Laboratory Physical Reference Data or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) RCDC KINETICS DATABASE & COMPLICATIONS OF CHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA - Author: K.P. Madden, NDRL Radiation Chemistry Data Center, Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, Notre Dame University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. RCDC Kinetics Databases & Compilations of Chemical Property Databases are "...data largely resulting from the techniques of pulse radiolysis and flash photolysis and related methods which have produced a large body of kinetic data for chemical reactions occurring in less than about 10-3 seconds..." Examples of Transient Species Databases include: "...Hydroxyl Radical; Hydrogen Atom; Hydrated Electron; Oxide Radical Anion; Singlet Oxygen Rates; Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields; Reduction Potentials; Aliphatic Carbon-Centered Radicals; Inorganic Radicals; Transients from Metal Ions and Complexes; etc..." For more information see NDRL Radiation Chemistry Data Center CHEMICAL KINETICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHEMICAL KINETICS (JAVA APPLETS) - Mathematics and its Applications in Engineering and Science, Department of Mathematical Sciences, The School of Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Multimedia Kenetics Lessons with Java Applets (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Transport Phenomena; Modules Grouped by General Applied Topics; Project Links; Mathematical Sciences or Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) KINETICS PLOTINT & GRAPHING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS KINETICS PLOT (JAVA APPLET) - P.B. Reid, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College Kinetics Calculator "...will plot the data and provide a least-squares linear fit..." Kinetics Calculator includes "...Plot C vs. Time; Plot In(C) vs. Time or Plot 1/C vs. Time; C = Concentration..." For more information see Chemistry Applets; General Information; ChemLab: The Chemistry 3/5 & 6 Laboratories or the Department of Chemistry KINETICS SIMULATOR KINETICS SIMULATION - B. Herreros, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California (USC) Michaelis-Menten Enzyme Kinetics Simulation "...During an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the substrate (S) binds to the enzyme (E) to form the enzyme-substrate complex (ES). ES then dissociates to form enzyme and free product...." For more information see Bruno's Java; Bruno Herreros Home Page or the Department of Chemistry KINETIC THEORY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS KINETIC THEORY I (JAVA APPLET) - J. Gea-Banacloche, Department of Physics, University of Arkansas Kinetic Theory I Calculator "...simulates a 2 dimensional gas of hard spheres. It illustrates several important concepts in statistical mechanics/kinetic theory, such as: mean free path and average time between collisions,..." For more information see Julio Gea-Banacloche's Home-Made Page KINETIC RESOLUTION CALCULATORS & APPLETS KINETIC RESOLUTION CALCULATION (JAVA APPLET) - J.M. Goodman, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University VERY EXTENSIVE. Kinetic Resolution Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Enter: S (>1); ee Percentage or c Percentage..." For more information see Magnus: Chemical Calculations in Java; Tools; Goodman Group; Jonathan M. Goodman's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry KINETICS SEQUENTIAL REACTIONS CALCULATORS & APPLETS KINETICS SEQUENTIAL REACTIONS AND THE STEADY STATE HYPOTHESIS (JAVA APPLET) - J.M. Goodman, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University VERY EXTENSIVE. Kinetics Sequential Reactions and the Steady State Hypothesis Calculator "...The problem of integrating the rate equations can be overcome by the use of approximations..." For more information see Magnus: Chemical Calculations in Java; Tools; Goodman Group; Jonathan M. Goodman's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry ARRHENIUS EQUATION CALCULATORS & APPLETS ARRHENIUS CALCULATOR I (JAVA APPLET) - J. Clymer, Cincinnati, Ohio VERY EXTENSIVE. Arrhenius Calculator I "...performs an Arrhenius calculation. Using rate constants at several temperatures as input, the activation energy and entropy is calculated. Also calculates predicted rate and percent loss at a given temperature and time..." For more information see Jeffery Clymer's Home Page ARRHENIUS CALCULATOR II (JAVA APPLET) - J. Clymer, Cincinnati, Ohio VERY EXTENSIVE. Arrhenius Calculator II uses "...individual concentration data points, rather than the rate constants. Arrhenius Calculator assumes the reaction is first-order. By calculating the rate constants at several temperatures, the activation energy and entropy..." For more information see Jeffery Clymer's Home Page ARRHENIUS EQUATION CALCULATOR - Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill & The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Arrhenius Equation Calculator "...calculates the effect of temperature on reaction rates using the Arrhenius equation..." For more information see UNC-Chapel Hill Chemistry Fundamentals Program or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. EYRING EQUATION CALCULATORS & APPLETS THE EYRING EQUATION APPLET - J.M. Goodman, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University Eyring Equation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Energy; Rate; Set Scale (Minimum & Maximum Energy)..." For more information see Magnus: Chemical Calculations in Java; Tools; Goodman Group; Jonathan M. Goodman's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry MICHAELIS-MENTEN EQUATION CALCULATORS & APPLETS MICHAELIS-MENTEN EQUATION (JAVA APPLET) - J.M. Goodman, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University Michaelis-Menten Equation Calculator "...analysis incorporates the additional assumption that k2 is much less than k-1, so the Pre-Equilibrium Approximation can be used instead of the Steady State Approximation..." For more information see Magnus: Chemical Calculations in Java; Tools; Goodman Group; Jonathan M. Goodman's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry RADIOLABELING KINETICS CALCULATORS & APPLETS RADIOLABELING KINETICS SIUMLATOR - CALCULATOR - D. Rhodes, Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Radiolabeling Kinetics Calculator "...simulates the radiolabeling kinetics of intermediates A, B, C and D in the metabolic scheme shown above, with radiolabel derived from an exogenously supplied precursor, E..." Radiolabeling Kinetics Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Starting specific activity of pool A; Starting pool size of pool A; Rate of synthesis of pool A; Combined rate of utilization of pool A; Specific activity of endogenous unlabeled precursor of pool A; Starting specific activity of pool B; etc..." For more information see Computer Simulation of Metabolism; Research Activities; Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology or the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

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